Integrating Sustainability Education into Universities Dr. Erin Redman Aaron Redman.
Wen-Ching Chuang and Charles Redman - Amazon S3 · 2016-08-23 · Wen-Ching Chuang and Charles...
1
Monitoring 1985-2005 land use and land cover change in the Phoenix metropolitan area: distance and direction Wen-Ching Chuang and Charles Redman School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, PO Box 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287-5502 Introduction In the past decades, urbanization has rapidly and profoundly changed the land surfaces in Phoenix. Changes of land use and land cover, especially from the expansion of residential areas, directly impact ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, and local and regional climate. Previous studies have shown that in the past 30 years, of the land within metropolitan area that has been converted into some category of urban use, 54% was agricultural and 40% was desert land. Of the converted land, 70% has become residential areas (Keys et al. 2007). In order to obtain a better understanding in temporal and spatial pattern of land cover and land use change, we examined the spatial patterns of urbanization in the Phoenix metropolitan area, especially for residential land use and land cover change from 1985 to 2005. We also believe that neighborhoods in different direction and distance from city center develop in different ways. Examine the temporal (1985-2005) and spatial pattern of land use and land cover change in three cardinal urban growth directions, and at differing distances from the Phoenix metropolitan area center. Objective Using the 1985-1990-1998-2005 land-use and land-cover classification thematic layers, we quantified the land use and land cover change in a 20- year time frame in high-growth areas through ArcGIS. Previous study has shown that Phoenix’s the urban expansion mainly occurred in the southeast(1), northeast (2), and northwest (3) quadrants of the Phoenix metropolitan area (Moeller unpublished). Hence our analysis subdivided the study area (CAP region) into three cardinal quadrants, and subdivided them into five kilometer rings. Methods Phoenix metropolitan area, within a radius of 50 km from city center. Study Area: Southeast region (SE): Tempe/ Mesa/ Chandler/ Gilbert Northwest region (NW): Northwest Phoenix/ Glendale/ Sun City/ Peoria Northeast region (NE): Northeast Phoenix/ Scottsdale/ Paradise Valley/ Fountain Hills Phoenix City Hall (Central Business District) 5 km 50 km Phoenix City Hall (Central Business District) Area of different type of land use/ land cover (NE) 0.00 60.00 120.00 180.00 240.00 300.00 Cultivated Vegetation (Active) Cultivated Grass River Gravels Fallow Agrigulture Use Vegetation Commercial/Industrial Asphalt Compacted Soil Mesic Residential Xeric Residential Water Class Area (km 2 ) 1985 2005 Area of different type of land use/ land cover (NW) 0.00 60.00 120.00 180.00 240.00 300.00 Cultivated Vegetation (Active) Cultivated Grass River Gravels Fallow Agrigulture Use Vegetation Commercial/Industrial Asphalt Compacted Soil Mesic Residential Xeric Residential Water Class Area (km 2 ) 1985 2005 Area of different type of land use/ land cover (SE) 0.00 60.00 120.00 180.00 240.00 300.00 Cultivated Vegetation (Active) Cultivated Grass River Gravels Fallow Agrigulture Use Vegetation Commercial/Industrial Asphalt Compacted Soil Mesic Residential Xeric Residential Class Area (km 2 ) 1985 2005 Mesic and Xeric residential land use at differing distances from central Phoenix in 2005 (NE) 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance from city center (km) Percent of land area Mesic Xeric Mesic and xeric residential land use at differing distances from central Phoenix in 2005 (NW) 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Distance from city center Percent of land area Mesic Xeric Mesic and xeric residential land use at differing distances from central Phoenix in 2005 (SE) 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Distance from city center Percent of land area Mesic Xeric Conclusion Results 1. The growth patterns in different part of the city for four period are heterogeneous. 2. As we expected, increase of residential area and a significant decrease of undisturbed area were the two major land use land cover changes during 1985-2005. 3. For the area that changed from non-urban to urban, the largest area loss in agricultural land (7.13%) occurred in the southeast region; the largest area loss in undisturbed area (17.41%) (desert) occurred in northeast region within twenty years (1985-2005). 4. Within twenty years (1985-2005), growth rates of xeric residential land use in every region were larger than mesic one, especially in newly developed southwest region. Figure1: CAP region with multiple rings surround city center Table1: Definition of expert system class Figure2: Cities within three fast growing regions 1. Area of different type of land use/land cover 3. Different residential land use at differing distances from city center in 2005 Temperal change of disturbed area (SE) 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 1985 1990 1998 2005 area (km 2 ) Commercial/Industrial Asphalt Mesic Residential Xeric Residential Temporal change of disturbed areas (NE) 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 1985 1990 1998 2005 area (km 2 ) Commercial/Industrial Asphalt Mesic Residential Xeric Residential Temporal change of disturbed areas (NW) 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 1985 1990 1998 2005 area (km 2 ) Commercial/Industrial Asphalt Mesic Residential Xeric Residential Northeast region: Asphalt surfaces doubled; xeric residential areas increased 3 times; mesic residential areas doubled. 2. Temporal change of disturbed areas (1985-2005) Northwest region: Asphalt surfaces doubled; mesic and xeric residential areas doubled. Southeast region: Asphalt surface increased 1.6 times; xeric residential area increased 4.2 times; mesic residential areas doubled. Northeast region: High percentage of xeric residential area was observed in the area that is 0-5 km away from city center; the largest percent of mesic residential area was in the area that is 5-10 km away from city center. Northwest region: High percentage of xeric residential area appeared in the area that is 5-20km away from city center. Southeast region: Xeric residential area is apparent in the area that is 15-20 km away from city center. NE NW 341.54 km² undisturbed area is lost (=17.41% of the region). 258.43 km² undisturbed area is lost(=13.17% of the region). 178.50 km² undisturbed area is lost(=9.10% of the region). SE
Transcript of Wen-Ching Chuang and Charles Redman - Amazon S3 · 2016-08-23 · Wen-Ching Chuang and Charles...
Monitoring 1985-2005 land use and land cover change in the Phoenix metropolitan area: distance and direction
Wen-Ching Chuang and Charles Redman School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, PO Box 875502, Tempe, AZ 85287-5502
IntroductionIn the past decades, urbanization has rapidly and profoundly changed the
land surfaces in Phoenix. Changes of land use and land cover, especially from the expansion of residential areas, directly impact ecosystem functioning, biodiversity, and local and regional climate. Previous studies have shown that in the past 30 years, of the land within metropolitan area that has been converted into some category of urban use, 54% was agricultural and 40% was desert land. Of the converted land, 70% has become residential areas (Keys et al. 2007). In order to obtain a better understanding in temporal and spatial pattern of land cover and land use change, we examined the spatial patterns of urbanization in the Phoenix metropolitan area, especially for residential land use and land cover change from 1985 to 2005. We also believe that neighborhoods in different direction and distance from city center develop in different ways.
Examine the temporal (1985-2005) and spatial pattern of land use and land cover change in three cardinal urban growth directions, and at differing distances from the Phoenix metropolitan area center.
Objective
Using the 1985-1990-1998-2005 land-use and land-cover classification thematic layers, we quantified the land use and land cover change in a 20-year time frame in high-growth areas through ArcGIS. Previous study has shown that Phoenix’s the urban expansion mainly occurred in the southeast(1), northeast (2), and northwest (3) quadrants of the Phoenix metropolitan area (Moeller unpublished). Hence our analysis subdivided the study area (CAP region) into three cardinal quadrants, and subdivided them into five kilometer rings.
Methods
Phoenix metropolitan area, within a radius of 50 km from city center.
Study Area:
Southeast region (SE): Tempe/ Mesa/ Chandler/ Gilbert
Northwest region (NW): Northwest Phoenix/ Glendale/ Sun City/ Peoria
Northeast region (NE): Northeast Phoenix/ Scottsdale/ Paradise Valley/ Fountain Hills
Phoenix City Hall (Central Business District)
5 km
50 km
Phoenix City Hall (Central Business District)
Area of different type of land use/ land cover (NE)
0.0060.00
120.00180.00240.00300.00
Cultivated Vegetation (Active)
Cultivated Grass
River Gravels
Fallow Agrigulture Use
Vegetation
Commercial/Industrial
Asphalt
Compacted Soil
Mesic Residential
Xeric Residential
Water
Class
Are
a (k
m2 )
1985 2005
Area of different type of land use/ land cover (NW)
0.0060.00
120.00180.00240.00300.00
Cultivated Vegetation (Active)
Cultivated Grass
River Gravels
Fallow Agrigulture Use
Vegetation
Commercial/Industrial
Asphalt
Compacted Soil
Mesic Residential
Xeric Residential
Water
Class
Are
a (k
m2 )
1985 2005
Area of different type of land use/ land cover (SE)
0.0060.00
120.00180.00240.00300.00
Cultivated Vegetation (Active)
Cultivated Grass
River Gravels
Fallow Agrigulture Use
Vegetation
Commercial/Industrial
Asphalt
Compacted Soil
Mesic Residential
Xeric Residential
Class
Are
a (k
m2 )
1985 2005
Mesic and Xeric residential land use at differing distances from central Phoenix in 2005 (NE)
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.00
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Distance from city center (km)
Perc
en
t o
f la
nd
are
a
Mesic Xeric
Mesic and xeric residential land use at differing distances from central Phoenix in 2005 (NW)
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.00
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Distance from city center
Perc
en
t o
f la
nd
are
a
Mesic Xeric
Mesic and xeric residential land use at differing distances from central Phoenix in 2005 (SE)
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Distance from city center
Per
cent
of l
and
area
Mesic Xeric
Conclusion
Results
1. The growth patterns in different part of the city for four period are heterogeneous.
2. As we expected, increase of residential area and a significant decrease of undisturbed area were the two major land use land cover changes during 1985-2005.
3. For the area that changed from non-urban to urban, the largest area loss in agricultural land (7.13%) occurred in the southeast region; the largest area loss in undisturbed area (17.41%) (desert) occurred in northeast region within twenty years (1985-2005).
4. Within twenty years (1985-2005), growth rates of xeric residential land use in every region were larger than mesic one, especially in newly developed southwest region.
Figure1: CAP region with multiple rings surround city center
Table1: Definition of expert system class
Figure2: Cities within three fast growing regions
1. Area of different type of land use/land cover
3. Different residential land use at differing distances from city center in 2005
Temperal change of disturbed area (SE)
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
1985 1990 1998 2005
area
(km
2 )
Commercial/Industrial Asphalt Mesic Residential Xeric Residential
Temporal change of disturbed areas (NE)
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
1985 1990 1998 2005
area
(km
2 )
Commercial/Industrial Asphalt Mesic Residential Xeric Residential
Temporal change of disturbed areas (NW)
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
1985 1990 1998 2005
area
(km
2 )
Commercial/Industrial Asphalt Mesic Residential Xeric Residential
Northeast region: Asphalt surfaces doubled;
xeric residential areas increased 3 times; mesic residential areas doubled.
2. Temporal change of disturbed areas (1985-2005)
Northwest region: Asphalt surfaces doubled;
mesic and xeric residential areas doubled.
Southeast region:Asphalt surface increased 1.6
times; xeric residential area increased 4.2 times; mesic residential areas doubled.
Northeast region: High percentage of xeric
residential area was observed in the area that is 0-5 km away from city center; the largest percent of mesic residential area was in the area that is 5-10 km away from city center.
Northwest region: High percentage of xeric
residential area appeared in the area that is 5-20km away from city center.
Southeast region: Xeric residential area is apparent in the area that is 15-20 km away from city center.
NE
NW
341.54 km² undisturbed area is lost (=17.41% of the region).
258.43 km² undisturbed area is lost(=13.17% of the region).
178.50 km² undisturbed area is lost(=9.10% of the region).
SE
