WELLSPRINGS OF EMPOWERMENT in the U.S. & the Pathways of Social Work Research on Empowerment

Barbara L. Simon, M.S.S., Ph.D. November 23-27, 2015

Universities of Helsinki, Tampere, & Eastern Finland at Kuopio

EARLY NEW ENGLAND COLONIES OF GREAT BRITAIN

PILGRIMS (Protestants Who Separated from Anglicanism) – sailed

to Plymouth, Massachusetts, 1620

Pilgrims’ Early Cape Cod Villages

PILGRIMS & PURITANS: NEIGHBORS & ALLIES

PILGRIMS• Most fled to the

Netherlands to escape persecution by Queen Mary I of England (1553-1558)

• Sailed to Plymouth, Mass. in 1620

• Reformed Protestants who had severed all ties with Anglicanism

PURITANS• Most came to New England

directly from England

• Convened secret church services in cellars, barns, hen houses, bars, and homes in Queen Mary I’s reign (1553-1558)

• Saw themselves as reformers & purifiers of Anglicanism from within

Queen Mary I, England (1553-1558)“Bloody Mary”

Puritans in New England Colonies, 1630 and onwards

THOMAS HOOKER, Puritan leader who

broke away from Mass. Bay in 1636 to found Connecticut

COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY & PARTICIPATION in Town Hall Meetings

Marlboro, Vermont – Town Hall still in regular use for Town Meetings

FREDERICK DOUGLASS, ABOLITIONIST

HARRIET TUBMAN: ABOLITIONIST AND

LEADER OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

ANGELINA & SARAH GRIMKE, QUAKER ABOLITIONISTS

JOHN BROWN, ABOLITIONIST

Holistic Empowerment Practice in Settlement Houses of the U.S.

Henry St. Settlement, NYC University Settlement, NYC