WELLNESS

“To have a sound body, one must have a sound mind”

Plato

1) Good health is Physical, Mental, and Social well-being, and not just the absence of disease.

2)Draw a wellness triangle. P M

S3) Wellness is positive state of health, an overall state of well-being, the total person.

1) Promote health2) Prevent disease3) Responsible for yourself

4) Mentally healthy peoplesatisfying relationships feel good about themselvesbehave in healthful waysgood goal

5) Holistic health: Dealing with the total person.

Define negative and positive behavior and list 2 behaviors of each.

6) Negative behavior is: A stimulus that has a negative result. A behavior that decreases your health level.

Physical Mental Social1) Drugs 1. Stress 1.

Harassment/bully2) Not eating right 2. Addictions 2. attitude

7) Positive behavior is: A stimulus that has a positive outcome on your health

Physical Mental Social1. Eating well 1. low stress 1. Try new things2. Exercising 2. attitudes 2. Join club or

team

8) The three levels of health that concern us:1) Personal: Things we do for ourselves2) Community: Programs, protections, rules

that the community sets for us3) World-wide: Same as #2 but on a larger

scale9) Wellness Continuum: A sliding scale of that

state of one’s health. It goes between poor and good.

10) The US focuses on treatment not prevention.

11) Health survey- 1-12 in each section. Give yourself 1 pt. for each answer you feel is true. Score in area separately. Put score on wellness triangle. Physical Mental Social

Suggested Body Weight

Height Men Women(feet-inches) (Pounds) (Pounds)

4’10” 92-119

4’11” 94-122

5’0” 107-135 96-125

5’1” 109-138 99-128

5’2” 112-141 102-131

5’3” 115-144 105-134

5’4” 118-148 108-138

5’5” 121-152 111-142

5’6” 124-156 114-146

5’7” 128-161 118-150

5’8” 132-166 122-154

Suggested Body Weight

Height Men Women(feet-inches) (Pounds) (Pounds)

5’9” 136-170 126-158

5’10” 140-174 130-163

5’11” 144-179 134-168

6’0” 148-184 138-173

6’1” 152-189

6’2” 156-194

6’3” 160-199

6’4” 164-204

6’5” 168-208

What is Your Level of Wellness?

Physical HealthI seldom feel tired or run down

I sleep at least 8 hours per night

I regularly use dental floss and a soft toothbrush.

I do not use tobacco

I keep within 5 pounds of my ideal weight

I use the stairs instead of the elevator

I do at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at least 5 times a week

I eat breakfast everyday

I do not use alcohol or other drugs

I relax at least 10 minutes each day

I limit my intake of sugar and salt

I eat a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods

Mental HealthI ask for help when I need it

I am happy most of the time

Sometimes I like to be alone

I can name 3 things I do well

I feel okay about crying and allow myself to do so

I give others sincere compliments

I can accept compliments

I listen to and think about constructive criticism

I am able to say “no” to people without feeling guilty

I can be satisfied with my effort if I have done my best

I express my thoughts and feelings

I have at least one hobby or interest I pursue and enjoy

Social HealthI meet people easily

I am comfortable entering into conversations with new acquaintances

I continue to participate in an activity even though I don’t always get my way

I have at least one or two close friends

When working in a group, I can accept other people’s ideas and suggestions

I can say “no” to my friends if they are doing something I do not want to do

I can accept differences in my friends and classmates

I usually have success making friends with females my age

I usually have success making friends with males my age

I am comfortable carrying on a conversation with an adult

If I have a problem with someone, I try to work it out

I avoid gossiping about people

12) Three factors that affect the quality of your health:

1) Lifestyle: 53% Do you have control? YES2) Environment: 31% Do you have control? YES3) Heredity: 16% Do you have control? NO

13) Draw a picture of this example

• Factor Effecting the Quality of Our Health

Things I do for myself

Me & family

community nations

Beyond my

control

14) Seven habits linked to good health1) Six small meals a day

2) Breakfast everyday

3) Moderate exercise- 5 times per week for 30 minutes

4) Adequate sleep 7-8 hours adults/ 9-10 hours for teens

5) No tobacco

6) Moderate weight

7) No alcohol or only moderate

15) What is a risk: When you do an action that may not be certain.

Six CDC Youth Risk Behaviors are: 1) Tobacco 2) alcohol & drugs use 3) Lack of exercise 4) Poor eating habits5) Injuries & violence 6) irresponsible sexual behaviors

Michigan2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS)

Results

• Unintentional Injuries and Violence• 6% Rarely or never wore a seat belt• 25% Rode with a drinking driver during the past month• 16% Carried a weapon during the past month• 30% Were in a physical fight during the past year• 9% Attempted suicide during the past year• Alcohol and Other Drug Use• 38% Drank alcohol during the past month• 22% Reported episodic heavy drinking during the past month• 19% Used marijuana during the past month• 7% Used cocaine• 12% Used inhalants• Sexual Behaviors• 42% Ever had sexual intercourse• 12% Had sexual intercourse with more than 4 people• 29% Had sexual intercourse during the past three months• 38% Did not use a condom during last sexual intercourse • 82% Did not use birth control pills during last sexual

intercourse

Tobacco Use52% Tried cigarette smoking17% Smoked cigarettes during the past month8% Smoked cigarettes more than 20 days during the past month7% Used smokeless tobacco during the past month13% Smoked cigars during the past month

Dietary Behaviors83% Drank less then 3 glasses/day of milk during the past 7 days83% Ate fruits and vegetables less then 5 times/day during the past 7 days

Physical Activity11% Did not participate in any vigorous or moderate physical activity62% Did not attend physical education class70% Did not attend physical education class daily

Overweight14% At risk for becoming overweight12% Overweight

Contribute to these leading causes of death

31%

11%

11%15%

32%

Contribute to these leading causes of death

33 %

41%

16) Vocabulary:

1)Lifestyle: Your personal choices you make in daily routine- your habits

2)Chronic disease: A long term illness that is incurable-no cure

3)Contagious Disease: Communicable disease spread by contact

4)Communicable disease: Able to be passed from one person to another

5)Life expectancy: An expected # of years a group of people are expected to live

6)Mortality: The death rate

7) Behavior Modification: Changing negative behaviors

8) Morbidity: The relative incidence of disease in a given district

9) Quality of life: The level of health and satisfaction that a person has in being alive

10) Prevention: The act of practicing healthy habits to keep oneself well and free from disease and other ailments

11) Culture: The way of life including: customary beliefs, social forms, material traits of a race, religion or social group- way of life

17)Causes of death:General population 1900 General

population 20071. Pneumonia 1. Heart Disease2. Tuberculosis 2. Cancer3. Heart Disease 3. Stroke

Teenagers 1900 Teenagers 20071. Accidents 1. Accidents2. Suicide 2. Suicide 3. Homicide 3. Homicide

Life expectancy 1900 Life expectancy 199047 Males 72 Females 76

Life expectancy 2000: Males 74 Females 79

CentenariansA person who lives to be 100 years old is called centenarians

1980 14,200

1985 25,400

1994 49,894

*2000 15,000-108,000

2045 1,000,000 baby boomers

Jeanne Calment 1875-1997 lived to be 122 years old

She was a bit deaf, doesn’t move around much, but she is still alert and self confident. She was reckless enough to start smoking at 101 and smart enough to stop at 110

Causes of death for age 10-14 US in 20071. Accidents: 2130 deaths (included 1256 traffic

fatalities)2. Cancer 5013. Homicide: 2664. Suicide: 2505. Heart Disease:1846. Asthma and other lung diseases: 887. Infections: 788. Stroke:429. Pneumonia and flu: 4110. Diabetes: 21 and Anemia 21

Causes of death for age 15-19 US 20071. Accidents: 8528 deaths (includes 6, 805 traffic

fatalities2. suicide: 19023. Homicide:18384. Cancer: 8105. Heart disease: 4126. Infection:1387. Asthma and other Lung disease:1098. Pneumonia and flu: 1049. Stroke: 7410. Anemia 43

400,000

HIDDEN KILLERS:1. Tobacco2. Diet/lack of activity3. Alcohol4. Microbial Infections

WORLD-WIDE:1. Cardiovascular 5. Tuberculosis2. Infections- diarrhea 6. Obstructive lung

disease3. Cancer 7. Hepatitis4. Pneumonia 8. Malaria

9. Prenatal Care

The steps for decision making:

Problem Identification Options- alternativesWhat’s best- healthful, legal, respect to self, parents rules

Enacting best solution- write a plan- goals “action” sub goals

Revise/review

13 systems4 test questions for each system

Total of 52 points

Calculating you Life ExpectancyThere is no on sure way to determine your life expectancy, but

calculations allow you to look at statistical number of years. This brief inventory will tell you whether your health habits are increasing or decreasing your chance for a long life.

1. I am a male (-3)2. I am a female (+4)]3. I live in a town with fewer then 15,000 people (+2)4. I live in an urban area with at least 2 million people (-2)5. I have a grandparent (or great-grandparent) who has lived

to age 80 (+6)6. All of grandparents (or great-grandparent) lived to age 85

(+6)7. A parent has had a stroke or heart attack (-4)8. A parent, brother, or sister has had diabetes since

childhood, cancer, or heart problems (-3)9. I have a paying job that takes over 20 hours a week (-2)10. I live with m family (+5)11. I sit at a desk most of the day (-2)12. I exercise vigorously for 20 minutes 5 times a week (+2)13. I exercise vigorously for 30 minutes 5 times a week (+4)14. I sleep more than 10 hours each night (-4)

15. I tend to be easygoing and relaxed (+2)16. I tend to be intense, aggressive, and “hot-headed” (-3)17. I am usually happy (+1)18. I am usually unhappy (-2)19. I do not wear a safety belt in the car (-1)20. I smoke cigarettes: 1/2 to one pack a day (-3); one to two packs

a day (-6); more than two packs a day (-8)21. I am overweight by 10-30 pounds (-2)’ 30-50 pounds (-4); 50 or

more pounds (-8)22. I have a physical check-up at least every two years (+2)

Add up your score.This number is your statistical life expectancy.For people 11-19 years old, the average score for males is 70.3 and

the average score for females is 77.5. If you are not pleased with your statistical life expectancy, review your paper. If you see a health behavior you could improve, circle its number.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

I. Main Function:A. Works with the nervous system to

control and regulate body functionsII. Main Body Parts and Specific Functions:

A. Endocrine Glands (ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood)

1. pituitary (base of the brain)

a. regulates other endocrine glands- 8 hormones

b. stimulates the production of hormones that regulate growth, metabolism and growth and development of gonads and ovaries

c. Secretion of hormones that help the kidneys retain the proper water content in the blood

2. Thyroid (in the neck at the junction of the trachea and larynx, butterfly shape)

a. largest gland of the endocrine systemb. produces thyroxin which regulates

the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body cells

3. Parathyroida. produces parahormone which

regulates the body’s calcium and phosphorus balance for normal functioning of muscle and nerve tissue

4. Adrenal Gland (located on the kidneys)a. secretes Aldosterone which conserves

the body’s sodium and water balance

b. produces a group of hormones that affect metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins

c. other hormones secreted help a person cope with stress

d. adrenaline secretion increases heart action, raises blood pressure, increases reparation and suppresses the digestive system

5. Pancreasa. serves both the digestive and

endocrine systems b. produces digestive enzymes

c. islets of Langerhans- affect metabolism of glucose (insulin and glucagons)

6. Ovaries and Testesa. belong to both the reproductive

and endocrine systemsb. produce hormones that are

responsible for development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics

(1) female – progesterone and estrogen

(2) male - testosterone

III. Interesting Facts and/or Feature:A. If the pituitary gland does not produce the

right amount of growth hormone, the imbalance in a person of short stature (dwarfism) or one of tall stature (gigantism)

IV. DiagramV. Disease and/or Disorders:

A. Goiter- enlarged thyroid glandB. Tetany- low blood calcium resulting inpainful muscle spasmsC. Addison’s disease- loss of excessive amounts of body slat through the kidneysD. Diabetes- decreased or no production of

insulin. Glucose accumulates in the blood and tissue and is passed out of the body through the urine.

THE EARI. Main Function:

A. The organ that enables us to hearB. Aids in balance and equilibrium

II. Main Body Parts and Specific Functions:A. Outer Ear (Auricle)

1. collects sound waves and directs them into the ear

2. external auditory canal- passageway lined with hair and wax glands for protection

B. Middle Ear 1. connects eardrum with inner

ear and throatC. Inner Ear 1. contains hearing receptors

and auditory nerve for hearingIII. Interesting facts &/or Features

A. about 2 million Americans are totally deaf

IV. Diagram

V. Diseases/DisordersA. Deafness- inability to hear 1. sensory or nerve deafness is

when the hearing loss is associated with the inner ear

B. Tinnitis- ringing in the earsC. Otitis Media- middle ear

infection

Urinary (Excretory) SystemI. Main function

I. Filters wastes from the circulatory system and eliminates the wastes from the body in the form of urine

II. Main Body Parts and specific FunctionsI. Kidneys (2)

I. Filters harmful substances from bloodI. Nephrons- functional units of the kidney

II. Ureters (2)I. Tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the

bladder

I. BladderI. Muscular organ that stores urine

II. UrethraI. The tube leading from the bladder to the outside

of the body

IV. Diagram

V. Diseases and/or DisordersI. Incontinence- inability of the body to

control the bladder and the elimination of waste

I. Cystitis- bacterial infection of the bladder

II. Nephritis- nephrons of the kidneys become infected or inflamed

III. Kidney Stones- stone-like crystals that form stones and become lodged within the kidney or ureter

Lymphatic SystemI. Main Functions

I. Helps your body maintain fluid balance by carrying excess fluid away from tissues

II. Helps the body defend itself against pathogens

II. Main Body Parts and FunctionsI. Lymphatic vessels

I. Form a network that carries lymph to two lymph ducts– one in the neck and the other in the chest

II. Lymph nodes• Masses of tissue that filter the

lymph fluid• Found in the neck, groin, and

armpits

III. Lymphocytes• Type of white blood cells that helps

to destroy pathogens• Produce antibodies for immunity

IV. SpleenI. Plays an important role in keeping

the blood free of foreign substances

IV. Tonsils and Adenoids• Trap and filter out pathogens that

enter the body through the mouth and nose

V. Thymus GlandI. Produces lymphocytes in infants

and children and is important in the development of the body’s defense system

III. Interesting Facts and /or FeaturesI. Staying up to date with your

routine immunizations help keep your lymph system healthy

IV. DiagramV. Diseases/Disorders

I. Tonsillitis- infection of the tonsils due to lymphatic system fighting infection in any or all areas of the body

II. Hodgkin’s Disease- cancer of the lymph tissue

III. Immune Deficiency- HIV/AIDS

TeethI. Main function

I. Allows you to chew your foodII. Provides shape and structure to mouth

II. Main Parts and Specific FunctionsI. Periodontium

I. Area immediately around the teethII. Gums, periodontal ligament, and jawbone

II. TeethI. Root- inside the gumII. Crown- visible part of teethIII. Pulp- sensitive, living tissue inside the tooth

III. Interesting Facts and FeaturesI. Enamel is the hardest material in the

human bodyIV. DiagramV. Diseases/Disorders

I. Periodontal Disease- plaque and tartar destroy tooth enamel and irritate gums

II. Halitosis- bad breath caused by tooth decay and/or mouth infection

III. Malocclusion- condition in which the teeth do not align properly

IV. Gingivitis- Inflammation of the gums as a result of plaque build-up, maligned teeth or deposits of decaying food

Integumentary SystemI. Main Function

I. Protection of internal organs- 1st line of defense against invading pathogens

II. Temperature regulationIII. Sensory receptionIV. Absorption

II. Main Parts and Specific FunctionsI. Skin

I. Epidermis- forms barrier between the organs within your body and your environment

II. Dermis- contains blood vessels, muscle fibers, nerves, and glands

I. GlandsI. Sebaceous glands- connected to hair

follicles and produces oily substance to moisturize skin and hair

II. Sweat gland- secrete perspiration through ducts to pores on skin surface. Most numerous on soles of feet and palms of hands.

III. HypodermisI. Attaches your skin to bone and muscleII. This layer made up of fatty tissue and serves as the

body’s insulationIII. Acts as a cushion to protect internal organs

II. HairI. Insulates

I. 100,000 to 200,000 hairs on an average human head

II. Protects by filtering foreign bodies from the airI. Eyebrows (eyes)II. Nose hair (nasal passages)

III. Root grows out of a follicle in the dermis

IV. Interesting Facts and/or FeatureI. You lose between 25 and 100 hairs each

dayII. The skin it the largest organ of the body

V. DiagramVI. Diseases and/or Disorders

I. Acne- clogging of the pores of the skin (pimples)

II. Ringworm- fungus infection of the skin (athlete’s foot)

III. Warts- viral skin infectionsIV. Melanomas- skin cancer

Muscular SystemI. Main Function

I. Helps to provide movement of your bodyII. Controls necessary movement of the internal organs

II. Body parts and their specific functionI. Muscles

I. Skeletal Muscles- voluntary muscles attached to the bones by tendons

II. Smooth Muscles- works automatically to control movement inside the body

III. Cardiac Muscle- involuntary muscle found in the heart

III. Interesting facts or featuresI. Muscles use energy when they contractII. Even when muscles are not moving, some of their fibers are

contracting (muscle tone)I. Muscle tone enables you to maintain posture

IV. DiagramV. Disease

I. Tendonitis- irritation of a tendon caused by strain or overuseII. Strain, Pull, or Tear- muscles are overworked or stretched too

far, too quicklyIII. Shin splints- tendons of muscles in the lower leg pull away

from bone; prevention- proper war up

Respiratory SystemI. Main Function

I. Gets oxygen into the bloodstream and removes carbon dioxide

II. Main Body Parts and Specific FunctionsI. Nose and Mouth

I. Warm and clean incoming air through the use of mucus membranes and hair-like structures called cilia (traps dust and bacteria)

II. Pharynx- throatIII. Larynx- voice boxIV. Epiglottis- blocks off the opening of the trachea when you

swallow, preventing food from entering the tracheaV. Lungs- trachea divides to form 2 bronchiVI. Diaphragm

I. Dome-shaped muscle that lies just below the lungsII. Main muscles involved in the breathing process

III. Interesting Fact and FeaturesI. 2 lungs vary in size and shape. Right lung is usually largerII. Breathing begins with the contracting of the diaphragmIII. The Medulla (part of brain) regulates your breathing

IV. DiagramV. Diseases/Disorders

I. Cold/Influenza- respiratory infectionsII. Pneumonia

I. Infection in which fluids accumulate in the lungsII. Decreases lung ability to take in oxygen and eliminate

Carbon dioxideIII. Bronchitis

I. Inflammation of mucus membranes lining the bronchiII. Caused by bacteria &/or smoking, air pollution

(smoker’s cough is a form of this)

IV. EmphysemaI. Alveoli lose their ability to expand and contractII. No cureIII. Smoking and pollutants are causes

THE EYEI. Main Function

I. VisionII. Distinguish colors

II. Major Parts and Specific FunctionsI. Lacrimal glands- produce tears to fight pathogens, moisten

eyeballs, and remove foreign particles from the eyeII. Eyebrows, Eyelids, Eyelashes- protect the eye from foreign

particles, perspiration, and direct rays of lightIII. Conjunctiva- protective mucus membrane attached to the

eyelid and the eyeballIV. Sclera- white membrane that helps the eye keep its shapeV. Retina- contains nerve cells and controls the process

responsible for actual visionVI. Pupil- controls the amount of light entering the eyeVII. Cornea- transparent front of the sclera, through which light

enter the eyeVIII. Lens- focuses light and images on the optic nerve

III. Interesting Facts/FeaturesI. The eye is closed 30 minutes per day due to

blinking

IV. DiagramV. Diseases/Disorders

I. Myopia- nearsightedness (can see things close, but not far)

II. Hyperopia- farsightedness (can see thing far, not close)

III. Cataract- clouding of the lens of the eyeIV. Strabismus- cross-eyesV. Glaucoma- increased fluid pressure in the

eyeball

NERVOUS SYSTEM I. Main Function

I. Controls actions and thoughts in 3 stepsI. Receives information about your environment and other parts

of your bodyII. Interprets informationIII. Causes the body to respond to the information

II. Main body parts and their functionsI. Brain

I. 10 billion neurons that control everything you doII. Cerebrum- controls muscle movement, reasoning, and

memory. Interprets messages from the other senses.III. Cerebellum- coordinates muscle reflex and voluntary

movementIV. Brain stem

I. Medulla- controls breathing, heart rate, and swallowingII. Pons- regulates breathing and helps control eye movementIII. Midbrain- controls eye movement and pupil sizeIV. Thalamus- relay station for the senses. Process information from

the sense organs and provides some control over muscle activityV. Hypothalamus- bundle of nerve fibers that regulates the body’s

temperature, use of water, blood pressure, and the release of regulatory chemicals

II. Spinal CordI. A rod of brain tissueII. 31 pairs of thread-like nerves branch off the spinal cord. These

nerves connect the central nervous system with every part of the body.

III. Interesting fact or feature

I. Messages travel along the central nervous system at a rate of 300 ft./sec

IV. Diagram

V. Diseases

I. Concussion- severe bump on the head that causes soft brain tissue to come in contact with the skull

II. Headache- blood vessels around the brain dilate and/or swell

III. Cerebral Palsy- lack of full control of physical movement

IV. Epilepsy- disturbed electrical impulses in the brain

V. Meningitis- inflammation of the covering of the brain and spinal cord, caused by virus or bacterial infection

Digestive SystemI. Main Function

I. Processes nutrients in food and breaks them down into forms the body can absorb and use

II. Main Parts and Specific FunctionsI. Mouth

I. Saliva contains enzymes that further break down food, after it has been chewed by the teeth

II. EsophagusI. Muscular tube (12 in) that connects the mouth and stomachII. Wave-like muscular action (peristalsis) pushes food through

esophagus and the rest of the digestive system

III. StomachI. Muscular, sac like organ in which food is stored, churned,

mixed, and broken upII. Produces gastric juices (hydrochloric acid & enzymes) which

kills bacteria present in food and begins the chemical digestion of proteins

I. Small IntestineI. Long tube-like organ in which chemical digestion and the

absorption of nutrients are completedII. Many enzymes beak down complex nutrients into simple

sugars, amino acids, and simple forms of fatsIII. Villi- provides a large surface area fro the absorption of food.

Once in the bloodstream, nutrients are carried to all the cells of the body

II. LiverI. Large organ that removes harmful materials from the bodyII. Produces a digestive juice called bile which aids in the

digestion of fats

III. GallbladderI. Attached to the gallbladder, it is a storage place for bile

IV. PancreasI. Organ that produces hormones and digestive enzymes that

break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

V. Large IntestineI. Tube-like organ that absorbs water and gets rid of wasteII. Sometimes part of this is called the colonIII. Rectum- last few inches of the large intestineIV. Anus- the opening of the rectum

III. Interesting Facts/FeaturesI. The stomach is one of the strongest organs in the bodyII. 60,000-100,000 lbs. of food are digested during a person’s

lifetimeIII. Food must mix with saliva in order to have taste

IV. DiagramV. Diseases

I. IndigestionI. Inability to break down certain foods properly

I. Symptoms- abdominal cramps, chest pains, gas, nausea

II. Lactose Intolerance (form of indigestion)I. Inability to digest milk products because digestive system doesn’t

produce lactose

II. Diarrhea & ConstipationI. Food moves too quickly or too slowly through the intestinesII. Can cause dehydrationIII. Drink plenty of water, consume fiber, do regular exercise

III. UlcersI. Open sore in the stomach or intestineII. Caused by increased stomach acid production from stress,

smoking, caffeine, alcohol, high-fat diets III. Treated by ant-acids or surgery

Circulatory SystemI. Main Function

I. Provides a pathway through which blood can carry materials throughout that body

• Nutrients• Wastes products

I. Blood within the system, also helps regulate body temp. and water balance

II. Main body Parts and Specific FunctionsI. Heart

I. Muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body

II. Blood VesselsI. Network of arteries and veins that enable blood to reach the heart,

lungs, and all tissues and organs of the bodyI. Veins- carry blood to heartII. Arteries- carry blood away from the heartIII. Capillaries- smallest blood vessels

III. BloodI. Complex tissue that circulates throughout the bodyII. Nourishes, protects, and discharges waste materials from the tissue

I. Plasma- liquid part of the bloodII. Blood cells

I. Red Blood Cells- carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts to bodyII. White Blood Cells-protects body against diseaseIII. Platelets- pieces of cells that start the process of clotting

IV. Interesting Facts/FeaturesI. The human body needs all of the components of the CV system to

sustain lifeII. The heart pumps 5 quarts of blood through almost 100,000 miles

of blood vessels every minute

V. DiagramVI. Diseases

I. Coronary heart disease- caused by a build up of cholesterol in the arteries

II. Hypertension- (high BP) serious disorder the can lead to atherosclerosis (build up of cholesterol and other fatty materials on artery walls, thus restricting the flow of blood), kidney damage, and stroke

Tracing the flow through the heart, lungs, and to the bodyDeoxygenated blood enters the heart through the inferior vena cavaRight AtriumTricuspid ValveRight ventriclePulmonary valve Pulmonary artery (right and left)Exchange of gasses (oxygen and Carbon dioxide) in the lungsOxygenated blood enters the right and left pulmonary veinsLeft atrium of the heartBicuspid valveLeft ventricleAortic valve, Aorta , body

Skeletal SystemI. Main Function

I. Allows movement in conjunction with the muscular systemII. Provides supporting framework for the bodyIII. Protects delicate organsIV. Provides storage place for essential body minerals such as

calcium and phosphorusV. Produces red and white blood cells in the red marrow of the

bone

II. Main Body Parts and FunctionsI. 206 bones

I. Smallest- stapes in the middle earII. Longest- femur (thigh bone)III. Bones are grouped according to their 4 shapes

I. Long bones- found in the arms and legsII. Short bones- found in the wrists and ankles, they are as broad as

they are longIII. Flat bones- ribs and skull bones, have a thin, flat shape and serve to

protect vital organsIV. Irregular bones- all other odd shape bones; i.e. vertebrae

I. JointsI. The point at which 2 bones meetII. Allow movement of the body framework

I. Ball and socket- allow range of movement; i.e. shoulderII. Hinge joints- allow back and forth movement in one plane- like the

knee jointIII. Pivot joints- one bone rotates around the other such as the head

turning on your spineIV. Gliding joints- bones are able to slide over one another, such as the

hand and foot

II. LigamentsI. Strong bands that connect the bones to one another at a

moveable jointII. Hold bones in place

III. TendonsI. Bands of fiber that connect muscles to bones

IV. CartilageI. Strong, flexible material that provides a smooth surface that

makes the movement at a joint smoothII. Supports nose and ears, connects ribs to the sternum, and acts

as a cushion between adjoining bones

III. Interesting Facts and FeaturesI. You are born with 350 bones which join together as you

grow, resulting in 206 adult bones

IV. DiagramV. Diseases and/or Disorders

I. Fractures- break in boneI. Closed- bones does not puncture skinII. Open- bone protrudes through the skinIII. Complete- the bone is broken in 2 placesIV. Incomplete- fracture is not completely across the boneV. Hairline- the fracture is incomplete, and the 2 parts of the bone

don’t separate

II. Scoliosis- lateral or side-to-side curve of the spineIII. Osteoporosis- condition that results from the loss of

calcium in the bonesIV. Sprains- most common injury to the joints; ligaments,

tendons, and blood vessels around the joint are stretched and/or torn

System

1. Name the two materials that the blood can carry throughout the body.1. Nutrients 2. Waste Products

2. The Arteries carry blood away from the heart and the Veins carry it to the heart.

3. The heart pumps 5 quarts of blood through almost 100, 000 miles of blood vessels every minute.

4. Saliva contains enzymes that break down food. 5. The colon is part of the large intestine

6. In order for food to have taste, the must mix with saliva.

7. Name 5 things that ulcers are caused by: stress, smoking, caffeine, alcohol, high fat diet.

8. The 3 main parts of the skin are: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis.

9. What is the largest organ of the body? Skin

10. The system that helps the body defend itself against pathogens is Lymphatic.

11. Where are the lymph nodes found? Neck, groin, armpit

12. Adrenal glands are located where? Kidney

13. Endocrine glands function is? Secrete hormones 14. The hardest material in the body is enamel.15. What part of the ear helps in balance? Inner ear16. How often do the kidneys filter the blood? 1hour17. What are the tubes that carry urine from the

kidneys to the bladder? Ureters 18. What system contains ductless glands? Endocrine19. Name the three types of muscle tissue cardiac,

involuntary/smooth, striated/skeletal.20. Where does the air get warmed and cleaned?

Nose, mouth

Systems NotesEndocrine • How does the system work/major function?• works with the nervous system to regulate body functions and

helps remove excess waste products Urinary• How does the system work/major function?• helps remove excess waste products Lymphatic• How does the system work/major function?• maintains fluid balance by carrying excess fluid away from

tissues. Intergumentary• How does the system work/major function?• gives protection from invading pathogens, regulation of

temperature, sensory reception and skin. Muscular• How does the system work/major function?• helps to provide movement of your body.

System cont.Respiratory• How does the system work/major function?• brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.Nervous• How does the system work/major function?• spinal cord, nerves, brain are part of this system Ear- • How does the system work/major function?• aids in balance and equilibrium Digestive• How does the system work/major function?• breaks food down into nutrients the body can absorb and use.Skeletal• How does the system work/major function?• provides body’s supporting framework and protects internal

organs Teeth• How does the system work/major function?• contains the hardest material in the human body

Wellness Review Questions1. What is holistic health?

Dealing with the total person2. List the three levels of health and give an example.

Personal-things we do Community-programs World Wide-red cross3. What is the wellness continuum?

A sliding scale of the state of ones health goes between good and bad

4. What is a positive behavior? A stimulus that has positive outcomes on your health

5. The focus of the U.S. is treatment

6. List 3 factors that affect the quality of life. Give an example.Lifestyle-habitsEnvironment-where you liveHeredity-color of eyes

7. What are 3 things that make wellness a positive state of health?Promote health, Prevent disease, Responsible for yourself

8. List 7 habits linked to good health. 3 meal no snacking or 6 meals, breakfast, exercise 5x

30 min., sleep 7-8 hrs, no smoking, moderate weight, no alcohol

9. What is the number 1 cause of death in teenagers today?Accidents

10. What is a risk?When you take a chance and the result could be either good or bad

11. Define lifestyle.

Your habits or choices you make and their effects on health

12. Define behavior modification.

Changing negative behaviors

13. Top 3 causes of death in the general population for 1900.

Pneumonia, T.B., Heart Disease

14. Life expectancy for 1900, 2000 males, 2000 females.

1900-47, 2000 males-74, 2000 females-79

15. Top 4 hidden killers are:

Tobacco, diet/lack of activity, alcohol, infection

16. What are the five steps for decision making?P.O.W.E.R

17. Wellness is what kind of state of health?Positive

18. Define culture.Way of life, customs

19. Define Quality of Life.Level of health and satisfaction that a person has in being alive

20. Define Prevention.Act of practicing healthy habits to keep ones self

well and free from disease and other elements.