Well Completion Exam 1 Study Guide.docx
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Transcript of Well Completion Exam 1 Study Guide.docx
8/18/2019 Well Completion Exam 1 Study Guide.docx
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Well Completion Exam 1 Study Guide
PETE 489
Well Completion
Exam Date: 3/23/201
!y: "#eit$ Condalo#
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C%apte# 1
1 &e'ie( o) Co*t
*Exponential Curve
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2 S+%emati+* o) a Complete Well
3 Detail* o) Tu,in- . Well ead
Well Head: is the component at the surface of an oil or gas well that provides the
structural and pressure-containing interface for the drilling and production equipment.
Well Head Purpose:
Christmas ree: !ssem"l# of valves$ spools$ and fittings to control flow and gas out of
the well.
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Well%ead Component*:
Casing Head % !lwa#s connected to surface casing string. &upports wellhead andcompletion equipment.
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Casing &pool: &imilar to casing head "ut has a top head used to suspend strings of
casing.
Casing Hangers: !llows the weight or tension load of a casing string to "e transferred to
a casing head or spool. 'We focus mainl# on slip on hangers(
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u"ing Head &pools: he top spool of the wellhead$ installed after last casing string. )t is
used to support the tu"ing hanger or pacoff. he Christmas tree is installed on top of
the tu"ing head using a tu"ing head adapter.
u"ing head adaptor: ransitions the wellhead with the Christmas tree. +ottom matches
the tu"ing head$ the top matches the tree.
C%#i*tma* T#ee Component*:
,ate alves: Either full# opened or closed$ not used to control flow or throttling. suall#
placed in casing head$ casing spool$ tu"ing spool$ or in the tree.
- !nnulus ,ate valves installed in lower wing of the wellhead is called annulus valve.
sed to ill the well$ in/ect fluids$
-Christmas tree valve are installed in the upper valve$ used in con/unction with the "op.
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Choes: sed to regulate flow of gas and oil$ located in the trees.
ree Caps: 0ound at the ver# top of the tree. sed as a fitting.
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4 pen ole Completion
Pe#)o#ated Ca*in- and ine# Completion
1ifferent 2eservoir Conditions:
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We want to avoid water coning$ we drill hori3ontal.
Topi+* 8 a#e in note* t%ey u*t dia-#am*
Di))e#ential Se+tion 55
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C%apte# 2
4"/ective: !ddress the do and don5ts of drilling fluids and specifications.
opics:
1 De)inition*
&olute: Chemicals that dissolve in a solvent
&olvent: 6edium that can dissolve a solute
&olution: Com"ination of &olute 7 &olvent
6ole: nit of chemicals with nown molecular weight
alence: 8um"er of electrons involved in chemical "ond formation$ or a reference as an
ionic num"er as oxidation num"er$ lie Ca97$ valence ; 6olarit#: 6oles of solute per liter of solution$ 6 ; moles of compound < liters of solution
8ormalit#: Chemical equivalent weight of solute per liter of solution
6olalit#: 8um"er of moles of a chemical compound per g of g of solvent
Weight Percent: 4ne gram of solute in one million grams of total solution
2 C%a#a+te#i*ti+* o) +ompletion )luid
=iquid Phase$ &olid phase'filter cae($ iscosit#$ Ph Control$ 0low Control
> 0unctions: Pressure Control$ 1isplacement of plugs$ ill fluid$ acidi3ing$ pacer fluids$
well "ore cleaning$ &afet#
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3 pe#ational 6*pe+t*: ?( Pumping ( 6ixing @( 0luid Compati"ilit# A( Corrosion
Control B( effects of temperature or Weight ( &ome components of 0luid >( Clear
+rines
Pumping: !nnular elocit# ;
6ixing: !nnulus$ tu"ular capacities$ storage$ mixers$ vortex mixers$ prevention of Dfish
e#es$ rate of addition of viscosifiers$ supported economics of mixing
0luid Compati"ilit#: ,as control$ well tu"ular$ wor string cleanliness$ picing radioactive
shale clean out$ selection of proper and compati"le regarding friction and pressure
depth
Corrosion control: Ha#atavoudi method of corrosion control
0our Cla#s: FC=-8!C=-8a+r to reduce swelling
Cla# ?- &mectite- &welling
Cla# - )llite % !ctivated "# PH
Cla# @- Chlorite % )ron in them
Cla# A % Faolinite % moves
Do not allo( 7e3 o# t%en you -et mud in t%e )o#mation +#eate* *lud-e
4 Component* o) 7luid: 1on5t use 0reshwater$ #ou must mae the free water
compati"le with rocs and pore material '*e nonioni+
iscosifier: Gantham ,um$ no guar gum unless found clean and non plugging
iscosit# +reaers: En3#mes$ acids$ acidi3ers. 'acetic acid( * 1o not cause precipitation
of insolu"le
; !#id-in- mate#ial* . !#ine ; &alt 'granular( Calcium Car"onate
Weight: !cid &olu"les 0eCo@ &iderite
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+ridge &i3e 1istri"ution
!cid &olu"le Weighing 6aterial
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2oc 0luid esting * B &teps
- hin &ection : Pore geometr#$ pore si3e distri"ution$ grain si3e distri"ution$estimation of porosit#$ grain shape sorting classification '&phericit#$ &orting
coefficient$ etc($ 1#e reaction with minerals 'car"onates- red color e.g.(- se: 'Pre G21 'xra# diffraction( !nal#sis$ Pore ,rain count$ cementing of
grains$ gravel pac or not$ pore throat si3e$ pore t#pe 'vugs$ secondar#$
primar#$ fissures$ molds(- hen use &E6 '&canning electron miscroscop#($ Pore lining$ Pore throat
lining$ !uthentic minerals or not$ throat "ridging or noI$-J &cale precipitate
anal#sis of a given location$ map distru"tion of elements within a cluster of
minerals$ genesis of reactions$ precipitates at a given location- se edx 'energ# dispersive xra#( to find element quantitative anal#sis in
terms of "ul or individual components$ 'cla# fraction and specification ofeach t#pe($ se ha#atavoudi h#dration index$
- G20 'Gra# fluorescence($ used to find oxides and writing the chemical
material "alance< reaction equations
0luid: &ead SPE 23
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6ass +alance heor#: 6ixing of two or more fluids$ use mass "alance
Ex:
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se h#drometer to measure specific gravit#. hen &pecific gravit# * K.@AB; densit# of
fluid. 'K.@AB is the densit# of ho(
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&aced &alts: Weight or weigh down$ add monovalents$ FC= 8acl$ etc
!dd divalents$ c"r$ ccl$ 3n"r$
6ust correct for impure weight
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iscosit# of "rines without gelling agents 'viscosifiers(:
iscosit# changes with densit# of fluid and temperature
6arch funnel used and referred as )&
0luid &election: