Welding Machines

A d e n d o r f f M a c h i n e r y

M a r t ( P T Y ) L t d

1 5 2 R o s e t t e n v i l l e r o a d

S p r i n g f i e l d

J o h a n n e s b u r g

R . S . A

S o u t h A f r i c a

( 0 1 1 ) 6 8 3 8 3 6 0

( 0 1 1 ) 6 8 3 8 1 1 4

9 / 5 / 2 0 1 0

Brandon

What is a welding machine? How does a welding

machine work? What different types of welding

machines do you get? What is duty cycle? What is the

difference between arc, mig, tig, gas and spot welding?

What type of welding machine should one use? These

are just a few types of questions you will be faced with

regarding welding and after this chapter you should have

learnt the basics and the technical specifications of our

product range we retail at Adendorff Machinery Mart.

WELDING MACHINES

WELDING MACHINES

What is a welding machine?

Welding machine. This is the term used to describe the machine which converts 220-380 volt AC

(alternating current) electricity to welding voltage, typically 40-70 volts AC, but also a range of DC

(direct current) voltages. It generally consists of a large, heavy transformer, a voltage regulator

circuit, an internal cooling fan or oil cooled system, and an amperage range selector. The term

welder applies to a person doing the welding. A welding machine requires a welder to operate it.

What is duty cycle?

Duty cycle is a welding equipment specification which defines the number of minutes, within a 10

minute period, during which a given welder can safely produce a particular welding current.

For example: a 200 amp welder with a 60 % duty cycle must be “rested” for at least 4 minutes after 6

minutes of continuous welding. The less amperage draws one uses from the welder, the higher the

duty cycle. Failure to carefully observe duty cycle limitations can easily over stress a welder’s power

generation system contributing to premature welder failure. Many welders do not have internal

protection systems that prevent this sort of over stress, therefore leaving the task to the owner or

operator.

What is arc welding?

Arc welding, also known as manual metal arc welding (MMA) or stick welding, uses a welding power

supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at

the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, consumable or non-

consumable electrodes. The electrode rod is made of a material that is compatible with the base

material being welded and is covered with a flux that protects the weld area from oxidation and

contamination by producing CO2 gas during the welding process. There are generally two types of

arc welders available, namely: AC (alternating current), such as an air cooled or oil cooled AC welder

or a DC (direct current), such as an inverter welder which uses an air cooling system for cooling.

Furthermore, arc welding process is generally limited to welding ferrous metals, though specialty

electrodes have made possible the welding of cast iron, nickel, aluminium, copper and other metals,

which are non ferrous metals. The versatility of the method makes it popular in a number of

applications including repair work and construction.

What is mig welding?

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW), sometimes referred to by its subtypes metal inert gas (MIG) welding

or metal active gas (MAG) welding, is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process in which a

continuous and consumable wire electrode and a shielding gas are fed through a welding gun(mig

torch).Also known as a CO2 welder. A constant voltage, direct current power source is most

commonly used with GMAW, but constant current systems, as well as alternating current, can be

used. The most common gases used are carbon dioxide for general purpose welding. It is the

cheapest of the welding gases, and creates a good weld. On a MIG welder you can adjust the

voltage, amperage and speed at which the wire is fed through the welder. The tensioner on the

welding wire is variable as well. They will also have a valve to control the flow of gas, which will be

the flow meter on the gas bottle

.

It is also possible to use a MIG welder without shielding gas. This process is called flux core arc

welding (FCAW). Most welders have the option of switching the polarity of the welding arc for use

with flux cored wire. In this welding process the welding wire has a hollow core that is filled with

flux. Flux cored arc welding can be done outside, because there is no need to worry about the

shielding gas being blown away. The flux core wire has a hotter arc and therefore can be used to

weld thicker pieces of metal. The disadvantages of FCAW are that you have to remove and clean the

slag from the weld, similar to welding with a standard stick welder. Because of its hotter arc force, it

cannot generally be used to weld thinner sheet metal and other light metals. MIG welders can be

used to weld aluminium, tin, copper, zinc and brass and steel. There are dozens of different

compositions of MIG welding wire to choose from. When welding the non ferrous metals, it is

advisable to change the Teflon liner, which is situated inside the MIG torch. The reason for this is

that generally the welding wire used for this process is a lot softer, and tends to kink easily.

MIG welders are the ideal choice if you only want to buy one welder, and still be able to weld on a

variety of metals. If you want to start welding, a MIG welder would probably be your best choice for

a welder that is very versatile and easy to learn on

What is tig welding?

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is basically a welding process that works with the help of a tungsten

electrode. TIG stands for Tungsten Inert Gas and is technically called Gas Tungsten Arc Welding or

GTAW. The process uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode that delivers the current to the

welding arc. A shielding gas, such as Argon gas is used to protect the weld area from atmospheric

contamination. A filler metal is normally used. TIG welding is most commonly used to weld thin

sections of stainless steel and non- ferrous metals such as aluminium, magnesium, and copper

alloys. The process grants the operator greater control over the weld than when comparing it to

procedures such as Mig and Gas welding. One can get two types of TIG welders, such as a DC (direct

current), which are generally used for the welding of ferrous types of metals and the other being the

AC/DC (alternating current, direct current) which can weld most types of metals, such as non-ferrous

and ferrous.

What is spot welding?

Spot welding is a process in which contacting metal surfaces are joined by the heat obtained from

resistance to electric current flow. Work pieces are held together under pressure exerted by

electrodes. The process uses two shaped copper alloy electrodes to concentrate welding current

into a small “spot” and to simultaneously clamp the sheets together. Forcing a large current through

the spot will melt the metal and form the weld. A spot welding machine normally consists of tool

and electrodes, which are mechanisms for making and holding contact at the weld. Tool holders

have two functions: to hold the electrode firmly in place and to support water hoses that provide

cooling of the electrodes. The attractive feature of spot welding is a lot of energy can be delivered to

the spot in very short time. That permits welding to occur without excessive heating to the rest of

the sheet. Spot welding is typically used for the welding of thin sheets of metal together, within a

range from 0.5 to 3 mm (0.020 to 0.12 inch). The amount of heat (energy) delivered to the spot weld

is determined by the resistance between the electrodes and the amplitude and duration of the

current. The amount of energy is chosen to match the sheet’s material properties, its thickness, and

type of electrodes. Applying too little energy won’t melt the metal or will make a poor weld.

Applying too much energy will melt too much metal, eject molten material, and make a hole rather

than a weld. Spot welding can be easily identified on many sheet metal goods, such as metal

buckets. Aluminium alloys can be spot welded, but their much higher thermal conductivity and

electrical conductivity requires higher welding currents. Therefore a larger spot welder is required

for the spot welding process of aluminium alloys. Weld times range from 0.01 seconds to 0.63

seconds, depending on the thickness of the metal, the electrode force and the diameter of the

electrodes themselves.

Now that you have basic understanding of the different types of

welding applications available and their differences, let us take a look

at the range of welder’s we retail at Adendorff Machinery Mart, with

their technical specifications on each unit.

Arc welder’s (air cooled) with AC transformer (mma)

EWELAS/180

Description: 180 amp air cooled arc welder. AC transformer (BX6-180).MMA.

Code: EWELAS/180

Specifications:

1) Input voltage / phase: 220 volt / 1

2) Current input: 27 amps – 43 amps

3) Current output: 70 amps – 180 amps

4) Voltage output: 20.8 volt – 25.2 volt

5) Welding rods recommended: 1 mm – 3 mm

6) Duty cycle: 20 % @ 180 amps

7) Dimensions (lhw) : 365mm x 300mm x 170mm

8) Weight:

Typical uses for this welding machine:

Looking for a simple to use arc welder for all those jobs around the home and in the garage? Well,

here is one which is ideal for the DIY enthusiast. Ideal for most arc welding applications. This welder

is exceptionally low priced which makes it invaluable around the house and workshop for general

repairs and light fabrication. Simple to operate. The welder does not come with welding cables, and

is recommended to purchase welding cables with a length of 2.5 mt, both electrode holder and

earth cable. (Please see ‘Guide for welding cable`, for the correct size of welding cables)

.

EWELAS/250

Description: 250 amp air cooled arc welder.AC transformer. MMA.

Code: EWELAS/250

Specifications:


2) Current input: 30 – 60 amps

3) Current output: 82 – 250 amps

4) Voltage output: 21.2 – 30 volts




8) Weight:


A step up from the basic home user model. Mainly used for the more professional and frequent

welder at home. Can also be used for light steel fabrication. This unit is ideal for doing those thicker

welds on metals, because of its high range of amperage for a single phase welder (250 amps). The

welder does not come with welding cables, and is recommended to purchase welding cables with a

length of 2.5 mt, both electrode holder and earth cable. (Please see ‘Guide for welding cable`, for

the correct size of welding cables)

Arc welder’s (oil cooled) with AC transformer (mma)

EWELDO/130

Description: MAC-AFRIC 130 AMP oil bath arc (mma) welder.

Code: EWELDO/130

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output: 90amps – 130amps

4) Voltage output:




8) Weight:


This small, yet compact and easy to use welder is ideal for the DIY person. Mainly used for light steel

fabrication and general repair work around the home and workshop. This welder is equipped with an

easy to remove lid, which makes it easy for the refilling of the oil, and any general maintenance

needed to be done on the unit. Heavy duty robust design with a genuine copper transformer makes

this welder an invaluable welding machine for around the home and workshop. Make sure the oil

level is always at the correct level. (Use only welding transformer oil). The welder does not come

with welding cables, and is recommended to purchase welding cables with a length of 2.5 mt, both

electrode holder and earth cable. (Please see ‘Guide for welding cable`, for the correct size of

welding cables).

EWELDO/160

Description: MAC-AFRIC 160 amp oil cooled (mma) arc welder.

Code: EWELDO/160

Specifications:


2) Current input: 19/20 amps

3) Current output: 90amps -160amps

4) Voltage output:




8) Weight:


This small, yet compact and easy to use welder is ideal for the DIY person. Mainly used for light steel








welding cables).

EWELDO/190

Description: MAC-AFRIC 190 amp oil cooled arc welder.

Code: EWELDO/190

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:



7) Dimensions (lhw) :

8) Weight:


This welder is equipped with a robust handle and two wheels for easy manoeuvring of the unit and is

an easy to use welder. Ideal for the handyman, home craftsman and automotive enthusiast which

makes this welder a great choice for home DIY.Mainly used for light steel fabrication and general

repair work around the home and workshop. This welder is equipped with an easy to remove lid,

which makes it easy for the refilling of the oil, and any general maintenance needed to be done on

the unit. Heavy duty robust design with a genuine copper transformer makes this welder an

invaluable welding machine for around the home and workshop. Make sure the oil level is always at

the correct level. (Use only welding transformer oil). The welder does not come with welding cables,

and is recommended to purchase welding cables with a length of 2.5 mt, both electrode holder and

earth cable. (Please see ‘Guide for welding cable`, for the correct size of welding cables).

EWELDO/253

Description: MAC-AFRIC 250 AMP oil bath arc (mma) welder.

Code: EWELDO/253

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:




8) Weight:


This welder is equipped with a robust handle and two wheels for easy manoeuvring of the unit and is

an easy to use welder. Ideal for the DIY person and more frequent welder. Mainly used for light steel








welding cables).

EWELDO/252

Description: EEZI-STRIKE 220 AMP copper transformer oil bath arc welder

Code: EWELDO/252

Specifications:


2) Current input: 29 AMPS


4) Voltage output: 60 volt (max)




8) Weight: 48 (kg)


A general purpose arc welder that’s an ideal choice for numerous users. This welder has a heavy

duty robust design, which makes it a lifetime investment. Ideal for the more frequent welder. Ideal

for doing most general welding applications such as repair work and light steel fabrication. This

welder has a genuine cooper transformer, which makes it invaluable around the home and

workshop. Easy to use welder, with easy to turn and lock clamps for the welding cable lugs.

EWELDO/141

Description: STRIKE 140 AMP OIL COOLED ARC WELDER (MMA)

Code: EWELDO/141

Specifications:


2) Current input: 15 amps


4) Voltage output: 65 volts


6) Duty cycle: 20 % @ amps


8) Weight:


This old fashioned yet reliable welder is ideal for the DIY enthusiast for around the home. This

welder is ideal for general welding repair and light steel fabrication work. This welder is low priced

which makes it invaluable for around the home, and is an easy to use welder. Make sure the oil level

is always at the correct level. The oil level must be at the level of 170mm. (Use only welding

transformer oil). The welder does not come with welding cables, and is recommended to purchase

welding cables with a length of 2.5 mt, both electrode holder and earth cable. (Please see ‘Guide for

welding cable`, for the correct size of welding cables).

EWELDO/221

Description: STRIKE 220 AMP OIL COOLED ARC (MMA) WELDER

Code: EWELDO/221

Specifications:








8) Weight: 34 kg


This old fashioned yet reliable welder is ideal for the DIY enthusiast for around the home and the

workshop. This welder is ideal for general welding repair and light steel fabrication work. This welder

is low priced which makes it invaluable for around the home, and is an easy to use welder. Make

sure the oil level is always at the correct level. The level for the oil must be at 190mm. (Use only

welding transformer oil). The welder does not come with welding cables, and is recommended to

purchase welding cables with a length of 2.5 mt, both electrode holder and earth cable. (Please see

‘Guide for welding cable`, for the correct size of welding cables).

EWELDO/251

Description: STRIKE 250 AMP OIL COOLED ARC (MMA) WELDER.

Code: EWELDO/251

Specifications:








8) Weight: 47 kg


This old fashioned yet reliable welder is ideal for the DIY enthusiast and the more frequent welder

for around the home and the workshop. This welder is ideal for general welding repair and light steel

fabrication work. This welder is low priced which makes it invaluable for around the home, and is an

easy to use welder. Make sure the oil level is always at the correct level. The oil level must be at

190mm. (Use only welding transformer oil). The welder does not come with welding cables, and is

recommended to purchase welding cables with a length of 2.5 mt, both electrode holder and earth

cable. (Please see ‘Guide for welding cable`, for the correct size of welding cables).

DC (direct current) arc inverter welder (mma)

Introduction:

The MAC-AFRIC D.C. STICK INVERTER range consists of 160 amp, 200amp, output capacity welding

machines, all suitable for use on 220 volt input supply and generally used for maintenance

applications. For production use we have a 250 amp and a 300 amp suitable for use on 380 volt

input supply. All units are rated at 60% duty cycle, are lightweight and have low amperage

capabilities (i.e. 20 to 30 amps depending on the unit).

INVERTER welding machines are state of the art technology and makes use of solid state switching

and rectification and filtration of the input voltage to produce very stable D.C. voltage and current.

The input line voltage can either be single phase (220 volt or three phases 380/525 volt). Solid state

control circuits are incorporated to provide excellent arc characteristics and line voltage

compensation.

IMPORTANT FEATURES

1. Lightweight portability is one of the main features to be considered when purchasing a welding machine for use on a specific range of applications.

2. Input voltage covers all power input supplied in South Africa. 3. The components can absorb up to 15% under or over line voltage variations. 4. Inverters produce a stronger, more concentrated, smooth and state arc with excellent

striking and re-striking capabilities. 5. Inverters are ideally suited and versatile for use on all commercially available ferrous

and non-ferrous metals. It will weld electrodes of different specifications, including basic (low hydrogen) and cellulosic types. Fine adjustment through the current range allows for precision welding on complex alloys.

6. The stick Inverters (no high frequency facility) can be used for scratch start D.C. T.I.G. welding using straight (Negative -) electrode polarity when T.I.G. welding ferrous (steel) metals.

7. On thin metals using mild steel electrodes, the polarity can be reversed i.e. electrode negative (-) and ground (earth) (+). This allows for less burn through possibilities.

8. The Inverters are fitted with an overload protection switch that is activated once the components reach overheating levels or the duty cycle is exceeded.

PROVENTATIVE MEASURES AND MAINTENANCE

1. Inverters should be used in dry environments, with humidity levels of 90% max. 2. The ambient room temperature should be between 10 to 40 ºC. 3. The Inverter should not be used in rain or drizzle. 4. Do not use the Inverter in corrosive areas. 5. The cooling fan fitted to the Inverter needs to keep the unit cooled to required limits,

therefore, the intake air vents must not be obstructed, always clean and not within 0.3 meter to the nearest object. The WARRANTY of the Inverter allows for the operator to

remove the cover to blow out excessive dust and metal dust particles (using dry compressed air with reasonable pressure level) that may damage the electrical components. However, the WARRANTY will be null and void if any component is changed or altered. Care should be taken that the cover is fitted back correctly as this can influence the correct air flow.

6. The duty cycle of the Inverter should not be exceeded. 7. The input voltage should always be within the + - 15% under of over allowable constant

supply. Using input power cable exceeding 15 meters may cause the voltage to drop below this level and may damage the electronic components. When the overload protection device is activated (front indicator light will come on) the Inverter will switch off and the power will only be re-activated (front indicator light off) for further welding once the component temperature reaches safe levels. The cool down time may vary according to the conditions under which the Inverter is used.

8. Prevent water or steam from entering the Inverter. Should this happen, remove the power supply from the mains and dry properly.

9. Inverters should not be used using power generators unless expensive voltage equalizers are fitted. The electronic components fitted to Inverters cannot absorb the excessive voltage variations found with this type of power supply.

EWELDS/160

Description: Mac- Afric 160 amp DC inerter welder (mma)

Code: EWELDS/160

Specifications:


2) Current input: 23 amps – 30 amps


4) Voltage output: 26.4 volts

5) Welding rods recommended: 1 mm – 3.2 mm


7) Dimensions (lhw) : 290x132x203

8) Weight: 8 (kg)

9) Includes: earth clamp and electrode holder

Typical uses for this welding machine: Ideal for the DIY enthusiast around home and the workshop

for repair work and light steel fabrication work. Can also use this welder as a DC (scratch) TIG

welder, by adapting an external TIG torch and argon gas bottle with flow meter. It will weld stainless

steels, alloy steels, carbon steels, copper and other metals. It can weld electrodes of different

specifications, including basic and cellulosic as well as aluminium electrodes.

Basic helpful hints:

When using a long extension cable, in order to prevent voltage from dropping, a larger diameter

cable is suggested. If the extension cable is too long, it may affect the performance of the power

system, so we suggest you use a configured length, (10 meters, 2.5 mm inner core, 25 amps).

Make sure the cooling fan of the machine is not blocked or obstructed, otherwise, the duty cycle will

be affected and the performance of the welder.

Correctly connect the cables, by putting the earth cable plug into the socket marked “-“negative

polarity and the electrode holder socket into the socket marked “+” positive polarity, and fasten it

clockwise.

EWELDS/200

Description: Mac – Afric 200 amp DC inverter welder.

Code: EWELDS/200

Specifications:


2) Current input: 24 amps to 33 amps


4) Voltage output: 21 volt – 28 volt (DC)




8) Weight: 8 (kg)

Typical uses for this welding machine: Ideal for the DIY enthusiast around home and the workshop

for repair work and light steel fabrication work. Can also use this welder as a DC (scratch) TIG

welder, by adapting an external TIG torch and argon gas bottle with flow meter. It will weld stainless

steels, alloy steels, carbon steels, copper and other metals. It can weld electrodes of different

specifications, including basic and cellulosic as well as aluminium electrodes.

Basic helpful hints:

When using a long extension cable, in order to prevent voltage from dropping, a larger diameter

cable is suggested. If the extension cable is too long, it may affect the performance of the power

system, so we suggest you use a configured length, (10 meters, 2.5 mm inner core, 25 amps).

Make sure the cooling fan of the machine is not blocked or obstructed, otherwise, the duty cycle will

be affected and the performance of the welder.

Correctly connect the cables, by putting the earth cable plug into the socket marked “-“negative

polarity and the electrode holder socket into the socket marked “+” positive polarity, and fasten it

clockwise.

EWELDS/250

Description: MAC – AFRIC 250 amp DC inverter welder.

Code: EWELDS/250

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


EWELDT/207

Description:

Code: EWELDT/207

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


EWELDS/300

Description:

Code: EWELDS/300

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


Related products for ARC (mma) welders:

EWELDA/205 (2.5 mm PHAMODI STEEL WELDING ELECTRODES) 5 KG.

EWELDA/315

DC (direct current) TIG inverter welder’s

Introduction:

GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING (GTAW)

TUNGSTEN INERT GAS (T.I.G.) WELDING

E, as shown in figure 1-1 above. For direct current reverse polarity “DCRP reverse (+)” the

connections are the opposite i.e. the electrons flow from the plate to the electrode, as shown in

figure 1 – 2 above.

In negative polarity welding, the electrons exert a considerable heating effect on the plate. In

positive polarity welding the electrode acquires this extra heat which then tends to melt off the end

of the electrode. In the case of DCSP (-) approximately 70% of the heat is developed at the work

piece and 30% at the electrode, so the electrode tip will not melt and will maintain the conical shape

when used within the recommended current range. For any given welding current, DCRP (+) requires

a larger diameter electrode than DCSP (-). These opposite heating effects of DCRP (+) and DCSP (-)

influence not only the welding action but also the shape of the weld obtained (see weld result

drawing). One other effect of DCRP (+) welding should be considered namely the so – called plate

cleaning effect which occurs. The exact reason for this surface cleaning action is not known. The

electrons and gas ions tend to remove the surface oxides and scale usually present.

When using a DC welder without high frequency facility, the arc can be stuck on the work piece or

on a piece of copper or steel (scratch start) and then carried to the weld starting point. Do not use a

carbon block for starting the arc as the electrode becomes contaminated causing the arc to wander.

The T.I.G. torches used in this case has a mechanical gas valve on the torch that is opened manually

by the operator before striking the arc.

When using a welder fitted with high frequency facility it eliminates the need for touching the work

piece as the high frequency is automatically turned on to assist in establishing the arc and is

automatically turned off as soon as the arc is established. The welder also has a solenoid valve that

opens to allow gas flow when triggered on the torch and shuts off after the trigger is released. If

water cooler is fitted to the system a water cooled torch is required and water flow is continuous

while the circulator pump is running.

ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) WELDING

In alternating current (AC) welding, the welding current circuit is hooked up to the “straight (-)

polarity terminal. The high frequency facility on these AC/DC type welders jumps the gap between

electrode and the work piece, burns through the tough oxide skin during the “reverse polarity phase

- positive (+)” of the AC cycle and creates a clean path for the welding current that follows. The

depth of penetration results from the heat produced during the electrode negative (-) portion of the

AC cycle. Because cleaning action is inherent in electrode positive welding, any oxide film on the

work is broken up during the electrode-positive portion of the AC cycle. Zirconiated tungsten

electrodes are generally used when welding aluminium due to being able to carry slightly higher

currents and have a longer life than pure tungsten electrodes. The AC welders with high frequency

facilities are normally fitted with solenoid valves that regulate the gas flow through torch trigger

activation. If water cooler is fitted to the system a water cooled torch is required and water flow

through the torch is continuous while the circulator pump is running.

APPLICATIONS

The main feature of the GTAW (T.I.G.) process is the high quality welds achieved on almost all

commercially available metals and alloys. Freedom of contamination from the atmosphere is

achieved especially on critical alloys where small amounts of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon can cause

embrittlement and loss of corrosion resistance. The process is ideal for welds on thin material, root

passes and small parts where quality and finish is important. The ability of adding filler metal

independently of the arc current, that can be operated at very low amperages, with very little

spatter loss and with a stable arc, is a strong consideration especially on small thin walled parts.

The only disadvantages of the T.I.G. process is the greater skill required by the operator and the low

rate of filler metal being applied.

TECHNIQUES

The technique of manually feeding the filler wire into the weld puddle is illustrated in the drawing

above. The filler rod end should not be moved out of the inert gas shielding area of the torch. This is

to prevent the hot end from oxidizing with the resultant contamination in the weld pool, when it is

dipped into it. Pre-flow of gas before the arc is established and post-flow after the weld is completed

also prevents oxidation and allows the filler alloy to wet and flow properly. At the end of the weld

the current should be decreased gradually to avoid a crater forming with the possibility of crater

crack developing. Adding a small amount of filler metal at the end of the weld, just before the arc is

extinguished, is good practice. Many joints of thin material can be joined without adding filler

material by fusing them together such as corner joints, edge joints etc. On establishing the arc, the

torch is moved at a constant speed to the end of the weld.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GAS TUNGSTEN ARC (T.I.G.) WELDING PROCESS FOR ALUMINIUM (ALL AT

SAME CURRENT)

Process GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PROCESS

Characteristics AC DC ELECT. NEG.

(ELECT. -, WORK +)

DC ELECT. POS.

(ELECT. +, WORK -)

Current Alternating Flows electrode to work Flows work to electrode

Arc heat concentration 50% each cycle (balanced

power source)

70% at work

30% at electrode

30% at work

70% at electrode

Effects of heat concentration Electrode current capacity Higher current with Larger electrode required.

POWER SOURCES

slightly less than DCEN (-

Medium penetration,

greater than DCEP (+) and

less than DCEN (-)

Midrange welding speed

(125 mm/pm +)

Helium increases

penetration and speed.

Argon gives best cleaning.

smaller electrode.

Narrow and deep

penetration of arc heat

into base metal.

Welding speed 125mm

p.m. +

Wide and shallow penetration

Much lower welding speed

than DCEN (-)

Arc Stability Stable (balanced AC or with

continuous high frequency)

Stable Stable

Cleaning action of arc and /

or gas

Good with Argon, on

positive portion of cycle

None. However, DCEN (-)

welds can be done with

Helium

Continuous – excellent with

Argon. DCEP (+) has best

cleaning action of the three,

but penetration is poorest.

Size of Tungsten Electrode Medium ((2.5mm (3/32″) at

125 amp))

Small ((1.6mm (1/16″) at

125 amp))

Large ((4.0mm (¼″) at 125

amp))

Applications General purpose manual

and automatic welding

Automatic Thin sheet welding and also

for root pass on pipe

Maximum work thickness 3,.2mm (⅛″) full

penetration

4.0 – 12.0mm (¼″ to ¾″)

(full penetration)

Very thin – below 1.5mm

DC Rectifier or Inverter power sources without high frequency facility can be used for scratch start

DC welding. The connection is torch power cable to the negative (-) connection of the machine and

earth cable to the positive (+) connection. The machine has no solenoid gas valve and gas flow is

controlled manually by the operator by turning the knob, mounted on the torch, to the required

volume.

DC Rectifier or Inverter power sources with high frequency facility are used for automatic arc

ignition T.I.G. welding. The connection can be either electrode positive (+) or negative (-) as

described below. These machines are fitted with a contactor and a means of controlling arc current

as well as a solenoid valve for automatic gas flow control by the welder. The control of arc current

can either be pre – set at the machine or through current control mounted on the torch or by using a

foot control unit. These machines normally also have pre – set control of gas flow before starting the

arc and gas flow off after completing the weld. An additional feature can be included to pulse the

weld which allows root pass welds, welds on thin material and overhead welds to be made with less

chance of melt through.

AC / DC Rectifiers or Inverter power sources with high frequency facility is the most versatile

machine used for T.I.G. welding of all ferrous (steel) based metals including non – ferrous metals i.e.

Aluminium, Copper, Nickel etc. The DC welding side is as per the above comments. For AC welding

the high frequency is on continuously and the power supply can vary the positive and negative half

cycles of AC current to favour either cleaning action or penetration. This feature is useful for welding

aluminium where adjustments must be made based on the thickness and cleanliness of the joint.

Current and gas flow control is as per above.

DIRECT CURRENT (D.C.) T.I.G. WELDING

In direct current welding (D.C.), the welding current circuit may be hooked up as either “straight –

negative (-)” or “reverse - positive (+)” polarity. The D.C. welder connection for direct current

straight polarity “DCSP negative (-)” welding is electrode negative and work piece positive. In other

words, the electrons flow from the electrode to the work piece.

EWELDT/162

Description:

Code: EWELDT/162

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


EWELDT/204

Description:

Code: EWELDT/204

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


EWELDT/180

Description:

Code: EWELDT/180

Specifications:


2) Current input:


4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle


8) Weight:


EWELDT/250

Description:

Code: EWELDT/250

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


AC/DC (Alternating/Direct current) TIG inverter welder’s

Introduction: AC/DC inverter TIG welders are generally used for various types of metal welding. These units have

HFS (High frequency start) which enables it to weld non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium. These

units can also weld metals from the group of ferrous types, such as mild steel, stainless steel, ECT.

These units also have the capability to do Arc (MMA) welding, DC, as well. Just simple change of the

switch, TIG or MMA, will enable the process required.

When TIG welding, argon gas must be used, for shielding purposes of the weld. These units have

many important features, such as:

1) PREFLOW- gas flow before TIG welding

2) PEAK CURRENT- welding current

3) BASIC CURRENT- penetration

4) SLOPE DOWN- welding current slowly drops off

5) ARC FORCE- high current at start and drops to set current

6) PULSE FREQUENCY- intensity of the pulse

7) PULSE DUTY- speed of the pulsation

8) CLEANING AREA WIDTH- controls width of the arc and

. penetration.

9) GAS AFTER FLOW- gas flow after TIG welding to cool tungsten

rod.

These units come standard with the following accessories:

1)TIG torch

2) Earth clamp

3) Argon flow meter

4) Foot pedal.

EWELDT/201

Description: THERMAMAX 200 amp AC/DC TIG inverter welder

Code: EWELDT/201

Specifications:


2) Current input: 14.6 amp – 20.7 amp

3) Current output: 10 amp – 200 amp

4) Voltage output: 10.4 volts – 18 volts

5) TIG rods recommended: ZIRCONIATED

6) Duty cycle: 60 % @ 200 amps / 100 % @ 154 amps


8) Weight: 20 (kg)

9) Power usage: 3.2 KV.A – 4.6 KV.A

10) Welding thickness (mm) : 10

11) Arc leading: HF vibration

12) Input frequency (HZ) : 50/60

13) Output frequency (HZ) : 60

14) Arc force: 0 – 100 amps


This unit is ideal for most types of metal applications, such as non-ferrous and ferrous types of

metal. Ideal for thin sheet metal welding for the DIY enthusiast and workshop operator. Used mainly

for the repair on alloy metals and aluminium, and mild steels in the automotive industry. Processes

for this machine include- aluminium TIG, steel and others, stick (MMA).

EWELDT/205

Description: THERMAMAX 250 amp AC/DC TIG inverter welder

Code: EWELDT/205

Specifications:



3) Current output:10 amps - 250 amps

4) Voltage output:

5) TIG rods recommended: ZIRCONIATED



8) Weight: 30 (kg)

9) Power usage: 6.3 KV.A

10) Welding thickness (mm) : 12

11) Arc leading: HF vibration

12) Input frequency (HZ) : 50/60

13) Output frequency (HZ) : 60

14) Arc force: 0 – 100 amps


This unit is ideal for most types of metal applications, such as non-ferrous and ferrous types of

metal. Ideal for thin sheet metal welding for the DIY enthusiast and workshop operator. Used mainly

for the repair on alloy metals and aluminium, and mild steels in the automotive industry. Processes

for this machine include- aluminium TIG, steel and others, stick (MMA).

Related products:

MIG (GMAW) welder’s

Introduction:

GAS METAL ARC WELDING (GMAW)

METAL INERT GAS WELDING (M.I.G.)

GAS METAL ARC WELDING (GMAW) (M.I.G) PROCESS

Gas metal arc welding, commonly known as M.I.G., welding consists of various components as

indicated in the drawing above. The system uses continuous small diameter solid wire and an

externally supplied gas or mixtures of gasses. The shielding gas can be Helium, Argon, Carbon

dioxide or mixtures thereof.

M.I.G. welding is suitable for use on all major commercial metals i.e. Low Carbon, Low and High Alloy

Steels, Stainless Steels, High Strength quenched and tempered steels, Aluminium, Magnesium,

Copper, Titanium, etc. With these various metals the welding techniques and weld procedures may

vary widely.

Carbon – Dioxide or Argon – Oxygen mixtures are suitable as shielding gasses on low carbon and low

alloy steels, whereas pure inert gas (Argon –

Helium) is used when welding high alloyed steels and alloys of Aluminium, Magnesium, Copper,

Titanium, Stainless Steel and the Nickel Based alloys.

Welding is either semi-automatic, using a hand-held torch (manual) through which the wire is fed

automatically, or fully-automatic equipment can be used.

Metal transfer achieved using the M.I.G. process is done by one of two methods, namely, “spray arc”

or short circuiting (globular). With spray arc, drops of molten metal detach from the wire and move

through the arc column to the work piece. With the short circuiting method, metal is transferred to

the work piece when the tip of the wire contacts the molten metal.

In short – circuit welding (globular), lower current, low voltages and small diameter wire is used and

the metal is transferred with each short – circuit rather than across the arc as in spray arc welding.

This method results in low heat input with the minimum of distortion and used on thin or poor fit-

ups and bridging wide gap applications.

Spray arc M.I.G. welding produces a very hot, high voltage arc and gives a higher deposition rate

than short circuit welding. The spray arc method is normally recommended for thicker sections

requiring heavy single or multi-pass applications where deposition rate is important.

Gas Metal Arc (M.I.G.) welding is done with Direct Current (D.C.) rectifier power sources, using

reverse polarity, wire positive (+) and this provides a stable arc, smooth metal transfer, relatively low

spatter loss and good weld bead.

Some manufacturers also provides Spot Welding features on their equipment which replaces either

riveting or where T.I.G. spot welding is not suitable such as in joining Aluminium or on poor fit-ups

and where cleanliness requirements are not as important or on thicker materials.

As with all welding processes, the correct setup and maintenance of M.I.G. welding equipment is

vitally important to ensure continuous automatic feeding and successful weld deposits. This equally

applies to the M.I.G. torch and ensuring that the torch system is clean, with no obstructions and

current carrying parts, that are relatively inexpensive, are replaced frequently. It is also good

practice to have the torch cable as straight as possible to ensure continuous successful wire feeding.

When welding non-ferrous metals i.e. Aluminium, Copper or Nickel alloys it is highly recommended

to use a separate torch specifically for these alloys, than the one used on steel alloys, and that the

torch cable length is as short as possible and kept as straight as possible.

EWELML/105

Description: MAC-AFRIC light duty mig welder

Code: EWELML/105

Specifications:


2) Current input: 8.2 amps – 15 amps


4) Voltage output: 15.7 volts – 18.5 volts

5) Welding wire size recommended: 0.6mm and 0.8mm

6) Duty cycle: 10 % @ 90 amps.

7) Dimensions (lhw) : 425 mm x 415 mm x 225 mm

8) Weight:


EWELML/150

Description:

Code: EWELML/150

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


EWELML/195

Description:

Code: EWELML/195

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


Related products:

EWELMH/160

Description:

Code: EWELMH/160

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


EWELMH/190

Description:

Code: EWELMH/190

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


EWELMH/250

Description:

Code: EWELMH/250

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


EWELDT/202

Description:

Code: EWELDT/202

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


Related products:

EWELSP/025

Description:

Code: EWELSP/025

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:


6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:


P L A S M A A R C C U T T I N G

EWElDP040

Description: MAC-AFRIC CUT 40 PLASMA CUTTER

Code: EWELDP/040

Specifications:


2) Current input:

3) Current output:

4) Voltage output:

5) Thickness of metal capabilities:

6) Duty cycle:


8) Weight:

Typical uses for this plasma cutter:

The Plasma Arc Cutting system employs the use of an electric arc and a pressurized volume of

ionized air forced through a small orifice (TIP) fitted between the electrode in the plasma torch and

the work piece to be cut. This constricted, high speed and high temperature plasma arc stream cuts

through metal in a concentrated localized area and the molten metal is blown away by the high

velocity arc and air steam.

The Plasma Arc Cutting process is capable of cutting and gouging most Ferrous (steel) and Non-

Ferrous (Aluminium, Copper etc) metals producing a clean narrow cut width (determined by the tip

orifice size) and smoother surfaces. The process is more portable, cuts faster and cleaner than the

gas cutting (oxy/fuel) process, requiring no pre-heat, and with the added advantage of being able to

cut Stainless Steel and Non-Ferrous metals (oxy/fuel cannot) cleanly and effectively, using less

cumbersome equipment. The process can be used with either a hand held torch or on automated

systems.

The Plasma Power source has drooping current characteristics, using higher voltages than standard

welding machines and the torches are well insulated to protect the operator against the high

voltages present.

The majority of Plasma Arc Cutters today have high frequency arc starting features meaning that non

base metal contact is used as opposed to machines without high frequency that require scratch start

to initiate the arc.

Hand cutting torches using stand-off guides (determines tip distance from work piece) enables the

operator to rest the torch on the work piece and by using a template or straight edge is able to cut

straight or profile edges cleanly and accurately. The torch can also be used for gouging by changing

the tip to a gouging tip that enables the operator to angle the torch to + - 30 degrees as opposed to

the 90 degree used when cutting.

Long (extended) tips can be fitted for maximum visibility giving a clear view of the cut to be

made either in the stand-off or drag position. The tips contain an orifice which constricts the

plasma arc. The tips come in various orifice sizes and also gradually wear with use and must

be replaced when the arc cut becomes too wide.

Due to the alloying denseness and higher electrical resistance of Stainless Steel the

thickness of cut achieved per cutting machine capacity is considerably lower than steel. All

manufactures of Plasma Arc Cutting equipment indicate the cutting capacity when cutting

various metals.

When cutting a circle the cut is started at the plate leading edge towards the circle edge or a hole is

pierced in the centre of the circle and cut towards the circle edge. On piecing the hole through the

plate the torch is angled at + - 30º and once pieced the torch is raised to a 90º position.

PROBLEM SHOOTING AND MAINTENANCE

1. The operating voltages for Plasma Arc Cutting can reach 400 volt D.C. and most systems incorporate safety features that prevent the operator from coming into contact with the high voltage. Before using the system the operator must ensure that the torch cable is not damaged or punctured and that the electrode, tip and shield cup is fitted correctly, securely and in good condition. All access panels must be closed at all times when the power is connected.

2. It is recommended that periodic cleaning using dry compressed air, of the interior of the power source is done to ensure that metal containing dust does not damage the electronic components. When this is done the power to cutter must be disconnected first for you own safety.

3. Fumes and gases produced by the Plasma Arc Cutting can be hazardous to health and must be avoided. Use the necessary respiratory protection masks or respirators when cutting in unventilated or confined areas.

4. Sparks from the Plasma Arc Cutting can be a fire hazard and all combustible material and solvents should be kept away from the cutting area.

5. The Plasma Arc emits intense, visible, infrared and ultraviolet radiation which can be harmful to the eyes and skin. The same eye and skin protection normally used for GTA (T.I.G.) welding at the equivalent current range should be used.

6. Water vapour and oil introduced into the highly concentrated constricted arc can damaged the electrode, tip and shield cup and depending on the severity of the water or oil “explosion” within the arc, damage to the entire torch head is possible. It is recommended that the water/oil trap fitted to the air supply system of the cutting machine is cleaned at regular intervals. Should water/oil still persist, it is recommended that a second water/oil trap be installed at the compressor outlet.

TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE ON WELDING EQUIPMENT

PROBLEM CAUSE REMEDY

Welder will not start Power switch not turn on Place power switch to “ON” position

Supply line fuse blown Replace fuse (Check cause first)

Power circuit dead Check input voltage

Overload relay tripped Cool down unit (remove cause)

Loose or broken power, electrode or ground lead Replace, tighten or repair

Wrong voltage Check input voltage per manual

Polarity switch not centered (AC - DC) Centre switch on +, -, or AC or DC

Open circuit to switch Repair

Welder starts but blows

fuse

after welding begins

Short circuit in electrical components of welder

Fuse to small

Check connections and lead insulation

Check manual for correct fuse size

Welder welds but soon

stops welding

Proper air ventilation obstructed. Make sure that all case ventilation

openings free and clean

Cooling fan not working Replace or repair leads and connections

Overloading – welding in excess of rating Operate at rated load & duty cycle

Variable & sluggish arc Current to low Check recommended current for electrode

type and size

Low line voltage Check input line voltage

Welding cables to small Check recommended cable sizes

Poor earth, electrode or control circuit connection Check all connections. Clean or replace

Welding arc is load and

spatters excessively

Current setting is to high Check recommended setting according to

electrode type or size

Polarity setting is wrong Check recommended polarity. Try

reversing polarity or change electrode

Polarity switch won’t work Contacts worn, rough and pitted from improper

switch while welder is under load

Replace switch. Never operate switch while

welder is under load.

Welder will not switch off Line switch has failed mechanically Replace switch

Arcing at earth clamp Loose connection or weak clamp spring Tighten connection or replace earth clamp.

Positive and firm earth = good welds

Electrode holder becomes

hot

Loose connection, loose jaw, loose electrode

clamping, inadequate duty cycle of holder

Tighten cable connection to holder or

replace holder with correct duty cycle size

Electrical shock when

touching welder

Frame not grounded See welder instruction manual for proper

grounding procedure of welder covers.

Welding cables hot Incorrect duty cycle of cable Check recommended cable size according

to welders manual.

CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROM

INCORRECT USE OF WELDING ACCESSORIES

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF METALS

Electrical conductivity is the efficiency of a metal in conducting electrical current. The conductivity of

electrolytic tough pitch copper (ETP) is 101% of the International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS).

Other metals compare as follows:

ALUMINIUM (99.9%) 65%

ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 35%

MILD STEEL 15%

STAINLESS STEEL (300 SERIES) 2.5%

WELDING CABLE

The first item on both sides of the welding machine (power source) is the cable required for

conveying the electrical current. The cable from the welding machine to the electrode holder carries

the current to the electrode via the electrode holder to the arc and on to the work piece. The cable

from the welding machine to the work piece is the earth cable and completes the circuit from work

piece back to the welding machine.

The electrical conductors of the cable are fine strands of copper (preferred) or aluminium. The

quality, size and length of the conductors are extremely important to ensure the efficiency, success

and quality of welding. The insulating material of rubber or synthetic rubber over the copper strands

provides adequate insulation and flexibility needed. The size of cable used depends on the current

(amperage) to be carried and the total length of the electrical circuit. The longer the circuit, the

larger the size of the conductors needed to prevent voltage drop and the dissipation of energy by

resistance heating within the conductor. DAMAGED INSULATION, BROKEN CONDUCTORS INSIDE THE

INSULATION, TO SMALL CONDUCTORS CARRING THE CURRENT WILL CAUSE HEAT BUILD UP, COPPER

SCALING, WITH THE RESULTANT POOR CONDUCTIVITY AND WELDING EFFICIENCY.

ELECTRODE HOLDERS

The electrode holder is a clamping device that grips the welding electrode between the jaws that

conducts the current through the electrode to the work piece. Electrode holders are rated according

to their current carrying capacity. By choosing the correct rated size holder and cable, that the cable

connection to the holder is sound and the metal used by the manufacturer on the holder’s

body/jaws, carrying the current, has good electrical conveying and gripping properties, will ensure

that the electrode holder does not overheat. Quality electrode holders have good handle and jaw

insulation and the screws holding these parts are well recessed thereby protecting the welder from

electrical shock or accidentally touching the work piece causing a short circuit. THE EFFICIENCY,

COMFORT AND WELD QUALITY PRODUCED BY THE WELDER GREATLY DEPENDS ON THE QUALITY OF

THE ELECTRODE HOLDER AND SOUND CONNECTING SYSTEM.

EARTH (GROUND) CLAMP

Proper earth (ground) of the system cannot be over emphasized to its importance in achieving

quality and efficient welding. The earth completes the electrical circuit back to the welding machine.

Any resistance i.e. earth not firm enough or insufficient cross sectional area surface contact in

relation to the cable size will cause electrical resistance, voltage drop will occur with the resultant

heat build up in the cable and earth clamp and poor arc characteristics. Since the conductivity of

copper is almost 7 times that of mild steel, the cross sectional area of any common steel grounding

bar should be at least 7 times the cross section of the welding cable conductor. It is good practice to

ensure that the area of earth contact is adequate, free from scale, rust, oil, grease, oxides, or dirt

that would act as areas of insulation. PROPER EARTH IN ALL WELDING SYSTEMS IS A PRE-REQUISITE

IN OBTAINING GOOD ARC CHARACTERISTICS AND WELD QUALITY.

CABLE CONNECTORS

Connecting the current conducting welding cable to either the welding machine or extending the

length of welding cable is normally done by either using cable lugs or cable connectors. Again the

cross sectional area and soundness of the connection of the cable to these connectors is important

in assuring good electrical flow and reducing the possibility of resistance, heat build up, voltage drop

and poor arc characteristics. ADEQUATE AND UNINTERUPTED ELECTRICAL FLOW ENSURES GOOD

ARC CHARACTERISTICS AND WELD QUALITY.

WELDING SAFETY CHECKLIST

HAZARD SEVERITY

FACTORS

PRECAUTION

SUMMARY

Electric shock

can kill you

Wetness

Welder in or on

work piece

Confined space

Electrode holder

and cable insulation

Insulate welder from work piece and ground using dry insulation. Rubber mat or dry

wood.

Wear dry, whole free gloves. (Change if damaged)

Do not touch electrically “hot” parts or electrode with bare skin or wet clothing.

If wet area and welder cannot be insulated from work piece use a stick welder

with voltage reducing device.

Fumes & gases

can be

dangerous

Confined areas

Positioning of welder’s

head

Lack of general

ventilation

Electrode types i.e.,

manganese, chrome, etc

Base metal coatings,

galvanized, paint, etc

Use ventilation or exhaust or respirators to keep air breathing zone clear, comfortable.

Use helmet and positioning of head to minimize fumes in breathing zone.

Do not weld unless ventilation is adequate.

Provide additional ventilation where special ventilation requirements are called for.

Use special care when welding in confined areas.

Read warnings on electrode container or material safety data sheets to access level of

Air contamination during welding and type of respiratory equipment recommended.

Welding sparks

can cause fire or

explosion

Containers which have

held combustible or

flammable materials

Do not weld on containers that have held combustible materials. Check carefully before

welding.

Remove flammable materials from welding area or shield from sparks - heat.

Keep a fire extinguisher in the immediate area.

Wear fire retardant clothing and safety cap. Use earplugs for overhead welding.

Arc rays can burn

eyes and skin

Process: gas shielded

arc is the most severe

Select the correct filter lens suited for the process you are using and that provides you

with the best eye comfort and safety.

Always use a helmet giving most facial area protection.

Provide non-flammable shielding to protect other operators in the vicinity.

Wear correct protective clothing that protects your skin while welding.

Confined space

Metal enclosure

Wetness

Restricted entry

Heavier than air gas

Welder inside or on work

piece

Carefully evaluate adequacy of ventilation especially where electrode requires special

ventilation or where gas may displace breathing air.

If basic electric shock precautions cannot be followed to insulate welder from work and

electrode, use stick welder fitted with voltage reduction device.

Provide welder and his helper with easy method of retrieval from outside enclosure in

case of emergency.

General work

area hazards

Cluttered areas

Indirect ground (earth)

connections

Electrical Equipment

Engine driven

equipment

Gas cylinders

Keep hoses, cables, materials, and tools, steel sections, organized.

Connect earth cable as close as possible to area where welding is being performed. Do

not allow alternate circuits through scaffolds, hoist chains, building framework, other

ground leads or separate work pieces.

Use properly insulated and grounded equipment.

Always disconnect power supply to equipment when servicing or repairing.

Use in open, well ventilated areas.

Refuel with engine switched off.

Keep all necessary guards/covers on machine.

If using as auxiliary power ensure that proper earth/grounding is achieved.

Never touch gas cylinders with the electrode.

Never lift a machine with the cylinder attached

Keep cylinders in the upright position and chained for support.

GUIDE FOR WELDING CABLE P.V.C. COVERING

COLOR

I.D. OF

P.V.C.

CONDUCTOR

NOMINAL

AREA mm2

+ - CURRENT IN AMPS FOR DUTY CYCLE OF:

100% 85% 60% 30% 20%

MAXIMUM

OVERALL

DIA. mm

APPROX.

MASS

KG/100m

GREEN 16 135 145 175 245 300 11.5 216

BLUE 25 180 195 230 300 400 13.0 350

GREY 35 225 245 290 410 500 14.5 470

RED 50 285 310 370 520 635 16.5 639

BROWN 70 355 385 460 650 795 19.0 814

YELLOW 95 430 470 560 700 900 21.5 1108

BLACK 120 500 540 650 910 1120 25.0 1420

Welding Machines

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Transcript of Welding Machines