Welding engineering & engineering of nanomaterials: from ... · Welding engineering & engineering...

Dr Marek Burda

Welding engineering & engineering of nanomaterials: from welding to soldering

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CAMETICS Leadership Team

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Why working with carbon nanomaterials?

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• Very flexible

• Anti flammable

• Ultra light weight

• Corrosion resistant

• High electron mobility

• Absence of skin effect

• Very high surface area

• Multifunctional abilities

• Very low electrical resistance

• Strength measured at 10 GPa

• Absence of fatigue and creep

• Thermal conductivity at 1200 W/mK

• Shows significant reduction of electromigration

• Resistance has small dependence on temperature

• Carbon nanotubes have current capacity: 109 A/cm2

• Produced in a single stage process from methane

– abundant source of carbon

Aerospace

Marine Industry

Microelectronics

Automotive Industry

Telecommunications

Power distribution & generation

Is it for everyone?

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Herringbone

nanotubes

Lattice modified Magnetically active Grafted, hybrid

Is it for everyone?

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NANORIBBONS

GRAPHENE OXIDE

SINGLE LAYER FEW LAYERS

MULTILAYER

5 nm

Is it for everyone?

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Powders

Film

CNT Arrays Films/Fibres/Ropes/Wires

Dispersions

Why working with carbon nanomaterials?

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Market snapshot in 2014 and 2026. Last year the market

was dominated by research sales. This will however

change as real applications sales grow. Source: IDTechEx

Research report www.IDTechEx.com/graphene

SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional

crystals, and hybrid systems, Nanoscale, 2015,7, 4598-4810

What are the limitations?

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NANO-STRUCTRURED WELD DEPOSITS

Application of nanostructured

materials in weldingengineering

Welding and claddingusing filler materials

characterized by nanostructural weld

deposit

Welding, cladding and spraying using

nanostructured fillermaterials (powders and

metal cored wires)

https://www.castolin.com/

SHS 9700E (< 400 nm)

Typical Hardness (as deposited) :71 HRC

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materials in welding engineering

Welding and claddingusing filler materials


deposit



metal cored wires)

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Welding and cladding using filler materials


deposit


nanostructured filler materials (powders and

metal cored wires)

Ballistic test results of graded and nanostructural armour plates

12GT “nano” armour plate unit

14GT “austenite-nano” armour plate unit

18GT “austenite-nano-austenite” armour

plate unit

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CARBON NANOTUBES IN MOLTEN WELDING POOL





deposit



metal cored wires)

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CARBON NANOTUBES IN MOLTEN WELDING POOL





deposit


nanostructured filler materials (powders and

metal cored wires)

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JOINING OF OTHER NANO-MATERIALS

Application of weldingengineering in engineering of nanomaterials

Welding of ultrafinegrained and nano-structured steels

Soldering and brazing of nanostructured

materials including CNT-based assemblies

www.indium.com/nanofoil

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JOINING OF OTHER NANO-MATERIALS

Application of weldingengineering in engineering of nanomaterials

Welding of ultrafinegrained and nano-structured steels

Soldering and brazing of nanostructured

materials including CNT-based assemblies

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WHAT ABOUT JOINING OF NANO-CARBONS?

Electric Carbon, Royal Society, Summer Science Exhibition 2013 (flyer)

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!

TECHNOLOGY IS NOT READY TO BE IMPLEMENTED!

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WHAT IS CNT BASED FIBRE?

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HydrocarbonCatalystSulphur

1100 – 1400 0C

1100 – 1400 0C

winding rate:5 - 100 (m/min)

"An enhancement of the structure and properties of carbon nanotube fibres and

films"

Krzysztof Koziol, Juan Vilatela, Alan Windle

Patent number: WO2008132467 (2007)

"Chemical treatment of carbon nanotube fibres"

Krzysztof Koziol, Slawomir Boncel, Rajyashree Sundaram, Alan

Windle

Patent number: WO 2011138595 (2010).

"Carbon materials comprising carbon nanotubes and methods of

making carbon nanotubes“, Krzysztof Koziol, Rajyashree Sundaram,

Agnieszka Lekawa-Raus, Alan Windle, Patent number:

PCT/GB2011/001549, WO/2012/059716 (2010).

Li et al, Science, 304, 276, (2004)

Koziol et al, Science, 318, 1892 (2007)

Film

WHAT IS CNT BASED FIBRE?

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HydrocarbonCatalystSulphur

1100 – 1400 0C

1100 – 1400 0C

"An enhancement of the structure and properties of carbon nanotube fibres and

films"

Krzysztof Koziol, Juan Vilatela, Alan Windle

Patent number: WO2008132467 (2007)

"Chemical treatment of carbon nanotube fibres"

Krzysztof Koziol, Slawomir Boncel, Rajyashree Sundaram, Alan

Windle

Patent number: WO 2011138595 (2010).

"Carbon materials comprising carbon nanotubes and methods of making carbon

nanotubes"

Krzysztof Koziol, Rajyashree Sundaram, Agnieszka Lekawa-Raus, Alan Windle

Patent number: PCT/GB2011/001549, WO/2012/059716 (2010).

10 microns


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nanotube

bundles

fibres, yarns

ropes, cables


!

TECHNOLOGY IS NOT READY TO BE IMPLEMENTED!

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Cross section of a carbon fiber solder jointNickel-coated carbon fiber under SEM

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CNT/METAL INTERACTION IN THE LITERATURE …

Adhering using silver-paint

Fig. Schematic diagram to display the fabrication process of a

flat-tip CNT emitter and SEM image of a fabricated flat-tip CNT

emitter

The annealing process

melts Ag NPs to form Ag

film on the W surface. This

Ag film acts as an adhesive

to strongly bind CNTs to

the W surface. If the

amount of the Ag NPs is

properly chosen, one end

of a CNT is emerged in the

melted Ag film and the

other end is exposed to the

surface.

Hyun Jin Kim, et al.: Small-Sized Flat-Tip CNT Emitters for Miniaturized X-Ray Tubes, Journal of Nanomaterials, Volume 2012, Article ID 854602

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CNT/METAL INTERACTION IN THE LITERATURE …

Fig. Schematic diagram of “CNT transfer technology”

CNT transfer technique based on

melting of Sn/Pb solder between CNT

arrays and Cu substrate

Fig. (a) Photograph of an open-ended CNT film

transferred onto the copper substrate coated with a

eutectic tin-lead solder. The clear silicon chip shows that

the CNTs are effectively transferred to the substrate and

connected by the solder. (b) Photograph of a closed-

ended CNT film that has only partially transferred onto

the copper substrate coated with the eutectic tin-lead

solder. Most CNTs still remain on the silicon chip,

indicating poor wetting properties of solders on the CNT

films. (c, d) A cross-sectional SEM image of well-aligned

open-ended CNT films transferred onto the copper

substrate.

Lingbo Zhu, et al.: Well-Aligned Open-Ended Carbon Nanotube Architectures:

An Approach for Device Assembly, Nano Lett., Vol. 6, No. 2, 2006

-- UBM coatings --

several tens to houndreds on nm of: Ti/Cr/Al

Cr/CrCu/CuCu/NiV

Al/NiV/Cu

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MACRO AND MICROSCOPIC WETTING IN CARBON-METAL SYSTEMS - BRAZING

ICu

Ag

Sn

980ºC → θ =136º

1652ºC → θ =153º

1100ºC → θ =140º

IIFe

Co

Ni

1500ºC → θ =48º

1652ºC → θ =45º

1550ºC → θ =37º

III Cu+6.3Ti Cu+10Ti Ag+1.0Ti

1150ºC → θ =30º 1150ºC → θ =0º 1115ºC → θ =30º

Applied Surface Science 257 (2011) 6276–6281

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!

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ALLOYS FOR SOLDERING OF CARBON

Sn-3.6Ag-0.7Cu

Sn-3.6Ag-0.7Cu-2.5Ni Sn-3.6Ag-0.7Cu-5.0Ni

Sn-3.6Ag-0.7Cu-2.5Cr Sn-3.6Ag-0.7Cu-5.0Cr

SAC +

selected transition

metals

Burda et al. ACS

Nano, 2015, 9 (8),

pp 8099–8107

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I

II

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Ag CuC Sn

Cr

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solder

joint

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Dr Marek Burda

THANK YOU

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Welding engineering & engineering of nanomaterials: from ... · Welding engineering & engineering...

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