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 Destructive Examination &

Testing

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 Destructive Examination

• Destructive Examination renders the weld

or material unfit for further service.

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Common methods used in

 Destructive Examination• Bend testing

• Tensile testing

• Impact testing

• Hardness testing

• Chemical analysis

• Hydrostatic testing to destruction

• eel testing

• !par" testing

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 Bend Testing 

• Bend test samples are referred to as

#Test Coupons$

• The most common %end tests are  & 'uided face and root %end testing

 & 'uided side %end testing & (ongitudinal root and side %end testing

 & )illet weld %end testing

 & *nguided %end testing

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 Bend Testing Sample Removal

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 Bend Testing Sample Preparation

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 Face Bend Testing 

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 Root Bend Testing 

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 Side Bend Testing 

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 Longitudinal Face Bend Testing 

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 Longitudinal Root Bend Testing 

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 Fillet Bend Testing 

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 Pipe Fillet Bend Testing 

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Tensile Strength Testing 

• #Tensile$ is a test in which a prepared

sample is pulled until the sample %rea"s.

•  Test +easurements are recorded in !I,ounds per !-uare Inch E/012 3 /04000 !I Tensile

• Test samples called #Tensile Bolts$ can

reveal a welds Tensile strength4 Elasticlimit4 5ield point4 and Ductility.

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Tensile Strength Testing 

• The Elastic Limit  of metal is the stress ,load

it can withstand and still return to the original

length after the load is released.

• Yield Strength occurs when the test sample

stretches however will not return to its

original length.•  Ductilit is the a%ility of a metal to stretch or

elongate %efore it %rea"s.

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Tensile Testing Strength !raph

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 "mpact Testing 

• 6n Impact tester uses a heavy pendulum

that is a%le to measure the amount of force

re-uired to shear or fracture a test sampleta"en from welds #Heat 6ffected 7one$

,H67

• Impact testing may %e performed usingeither the "#od  or Charp method. ,Both

methods are similar

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 "mpact Testing 

• 6 Charpy or I8od test measures the welds

a%ility to withstand an "mpact  force.

• (ow Charpy test readings indicate %rittle

weld metal

• Higher Charpy readings indicate the

samples toughness.

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 $ardness testing 

• Hardness may %e defined as the

resistance to permanent indentation.

• Three common hardness measuring

tests are & 9oc"well test

 & !cleroscope test

 & Brinell

 & +icrohardness test

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 $ardness testing 

• The Roc%ell  testing machine operates

somewhat li"e a press4 using a indenter  to

 penetrate the surface of the test sample.

• The depth of the indentation determines the

materials hardness on a scale of 0:100

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 $ardness testing 

• The Sceleroscpoe testing machine measures

the amount #%ounce$ that a diamond tip

hammer re%ounds off the test sample after %eing dropped.

• The Brinell  method presses the #indenter$

into a sample for a given period of time.• The a%ility for the sample to resist

indentation determines hardness.

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 $ardness testing 

•  'icrohardness testers allow you to measure

a materials hardness while leaving the least

amount of damage possi%le on the metalssurface.

• 6fter the indenter is used a powerful

microscope is used to determine the theamount of indentation into the components

surface.

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Chemical (nalsis

• Chemical analysis is used in metallurgical

la%oratories to determine the metals grain

and crystalline structures.

• !amples are then place under a high power

microscope to view the results.

• This is referred to as #+etalography$

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 $drostatic Testing to Destruction

• ressure testing or lea" testing can %e

 performed with either gasses or li-uids.

• ;hen this pressure exceeds the limitations

of the structures design it will rupture under

force.

• This rupture will allow engineers to

understand the welds wea"est areas.

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 Peel testing 

• (ap

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Spar% Testing

• The shape andcharacteristic of spar"s

created when metal isground will helpdetermine its

 properties.

• IE= car%on steel 4 mildsteel.

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)ui# time

• ;hich of the following is a destructive

test >

  6= magnet particle

B= tensile testing

C= die penetrate testingD= ultrasonic testing

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)ui# time

• The ??????? type hardness test leaves the least

amount of damage on the metals surface.

6= 9oc"well

B= Brinell

C= !cleroscope

D= +icrohardness

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)ui# time

• ;hen a metal stretches4 %ut dose not %rea" under a

certain load4 this point is called the ?????????

oint.

6= yield

B= tensileC= stretch

D= ultimate strength

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)ui# time

• Ductility is the a%ility of a metal to ????????

 %efore it %rea"s.

6= Bend

B= !tretch or elongate

C= Be forged

D= Be indented

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)ui# time

• 6 Charpy test measures a welds a%ility to

withstand ????????? force.

6= Impact

B= Bending

C= enetrating

D= !tretching

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)ui# time

• Hardness may %e defined as the resistance to

 ??????????>

• Indentation

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 'odern *elding Yor% Count School o+ Technolog