Welcome !!! Watumull Institute,...
Transcript of Welcome !!! Watumull Institute,...
Welcome !!!
Watumull Institute, Worli
Academic Year 2014-2015
Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 1
Mr. Samadhan P. Deshmukh
Currently working as Assistant Professor in
Watumull Institute, Worli, Mumbai from Sept
2009. (5 Years in this Institute)
Worked with Saraswati College of Engineering,
Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, as Lecturer for 6 Months
(From Mar 2009 to Sept 2009)
Worked with Infosys Technologies Limited, Mysore
as Software Engineer (Trainee) for 6 Months
(From Sept 2008 to Mar 2009)
Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 2
Completed Master of Engineering (M. E.) in Mechanical
Engineering from Lokmanya Tilak College of Engineering,
Kopar Khairane, Navi Mumbai.
(University of Mumbai Topper)
Completed Bachelor of Engineering (B. E.) in
Mechanical Engineering from Rajarambapu Institute of
Technology (RIT), Sakharale. (Shivaji University)
(Distinction in all Semesters, Final year 2nd Topper)
Completed H. S. C. from K. J. Somaiya College of Sci. &
Comm., Vidyavihar, Mumbai
Published 5* research papers in International
Journals/Conferences.
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First Year Engg.
And
Semester Pattern
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Sr. No. Subject Theory Internal Tw Oral Total
1 AM-I 80 20 25 ------ 125
2 AP-I 60 15 25 ------ 100
3 AC-I 60 15 25 ------ 100
4 EM 80 20 25 25 150
5 BEE 80 20 25 25 150
6 EVS 60 15 ----- ------ 75
7 WS ------ ------ 50 ------ 50
Total 420 105 175 50 750
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Examination and Evaluation
• Exam conducted by University of
Mumbai
• Assessment
• Internal Test
• ATKT Rule
• Average Passing Percentage
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Grading System
Subject
Final Theory Exam Internal Exam
Max.
Marks
Passing
Marks Test 1 Test 2
Average
Marks
(Test 1 & 2)
App. Maths 80 32 20 20 08
Engg.
Mechanics 80 32 20 20 08
BEE 80 32 20 20 08
App.
Physics 60 24 15 15 06
App.
Chemistry 60 24 15 15 06
EVS 60 24 15 15 06
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Grading System
Marks in % Grade Grade Point Remark
80.00 O 10 Outstanding
75 to 79.99 A 9 Excellent
70 to 74.99 B 8 Very Good
60 to 69.99 C 7 Good
50 to 59.99 D 6 Fair
45 to 49.99 E 5 Average
40 to 44.99 P 4 Poor
Below 40 F 0 Fail
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Credit System
Subject Credit
(Theory)
Credit
(Tw /Pr)
Credit
(Tut) Total
App. Maths 04 00 01 05
Engg. Mechanics 05 01 00 06
BEE 04 01 00 05
App. Physics 03 0.5 00 3.5
App. Chemistry 03 0.5 00 3.5
EVS 02 00 00 02
Workshop 00 02 00 02
Total 21 05 01 27
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Passing Criteria
Students should secure at least 40% marks in
theory exam and 40% marks in Internal Tests
separately.
E.g. Engineering Mechanics (80 Marks paper )
i. 32 + 08 = 40 (Pass)
ii. 46 + 06 = 52 (Fail)
iii. 30 + 20 = 50 (Fail )
iv. 50 + 00 = 50 (Pass)
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Environmental
Studies
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Environmental
Studies
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Why to learn
EVS???
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Videos…
Global warming animation.mp4
Save Earth, Save Life.mp4
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Marking Scheme
Theory paper : 60 marks (2 Hrs)
Minimum passing marks : 24
Internal Exam: 15 marks
Minimum passing marks : 06
(Average of Test 1 and Test 2)
No Term work
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Question Paper Pattern
Total questions : Six
Solve any Four
Each questions carries 15 marks
Q1 is compulsory (Entire Syllabus)
From Q 2 to Q 6 , Solve any Three
Mixed in nature (Three sub-questions)
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Reference Books
Textbook of Environmental studies by Erach
Bharucha, University Press
Perspective Of Environmental Studies, by Kaushik
and Kaushik, New Age International
Environmental Studies by Benny Joseph, Tata
McGraw Hill
Environmental Studies by Jayshree Parikh
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Environmental Studies
* • Introduction
1 • Multidisciplinary Nature of Envt.
2 • Sustainable Development
3 • Environmental Pollution
4 • Environmental Legislation
5 • Renewable Sources of Energy
6 • Environment & Technology
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Chapter 1
“The Multidisciplinary Nature of
Environmental Studies”
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Things to be learned…
Definition
Scope and Importance
Need for Public Awareness
Depleting Nature of Environmental resources
Global Environmental Crisis
Ecosystem: Concept, Classification, Structure
Food chain, Food web and Ecological Pyramid
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Environment ???
Sum of all living and non-living components.
Living components
Non-Living components
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Environment Studies
It is an applied science that seeks practical
answers to the question of sustainable human
civilization.
Application of scientific methods and principles
to the study of environmental issues.
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Types of Environment
Natural environment
Man-Made environment
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Segments of Environment
Atmosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
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Structure of Atmosphere
1. Troposphere (0-12 km)
2. Stratosphere (12-50 km)
3. Mesosphere (50-80 km)
4. Thermosphere (80-320 km)
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Multidisciplinary Nature???
Deals with every issue that affects living organisms-
Biology
Chemistry
Computers
Economics
Engineering
Geology
Health
Philosophy
Physics
Sociology
Statistics etc…
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Objective
To make public aware about importance of
protection and conservation of environment
Awareness, Attitude, Action
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Scope
Use of environment for betterment
Industrial development and agricultural
products
Resources like water, landscape, air.
Research and Development
Green Marketing
Green Media
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Reasons For Significance…
International Importance of Envt Issues
Development Problems
Increase of Population
Need for an Alternative solutions
Need to save Humanity from Extinction
Need for Wise Planning of Development
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Importance
Productive use value
Consumptive use value
Social value
Aesthetic value
Option value of nature
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Products:-
Fire Wood & Timber.
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Fruits.
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Gums and resins.
Herbs & drugs.
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Some Challenges Ahead…
Growing Population
Development and forests
Poverty
Agricultural Growth
Need for Ground Water
Degradation of Land
Air And Water Pollution
Reduction of Genetic Diversity
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Need for Public Awareness
To inspire every citizen to use resources with
care and protect them from degradation.
To explain concept of environmental
degradation and to identify various factors
causing environmental degradation.
To explain concept of sustainable development.
It is clear that no citizen of the earth can afford
to be ignorant of environment issues.
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Methods / Ways of Creating Public Awareness
Decreasing degradation of resources
Protection of environment than cleaning
up
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Reduce wastage of natural resources
Promoting responsible action through
mass media, through decision makers.
Joining NGOs, public involvement.
Join local movements (march, street plays)
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Space occupied by same number of people
In cars, In a bus, and on bicycles
Demonstration on main street:- How much space cars take
compared to buses/bicycles to transport the same number of people
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Video…
Videos\Protect Our Environment.mp4
..\Videos\1.3 save our environment.mp4
Minus One.ppt
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Institutions in Environment BNHS (Mumbai, 1883)
WWF-I, Mumbai (1969) Now @ New Delhi)
Center for Science and Environment (New Delhi)
BSI ,Calcutta (1890). Reopened in 1954
ZSI ,Calcutta (1916)
Salim Ali Center, Coimbatore
Kalpavriksha, Pune (NGO)
Bharati Vidyapeeth Inst Of Envt Edu & Research
NEERI
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People in Environment
Charles Darwin
Ralph Emerson
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Wrote “Origin of Species” Dangers of commerce to Envt
42
Al Gore S. P. Godrej
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Global Warming Documentary,
Noble peace prize in 2007
Wild life Conservation,
10 National Awards
43
Medha Patkar Sunderlal Bahuguna
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Works for Tribal People “Chipko Movement”
44
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Depletion of Forest Resources
Causes, Effects, Solutions
Depletion of Water Resources
Causes, Effects, Solutions
Depletion of Mineral Resources
Causes, Effects, Solutions
Depletion of Soil Resources
Causes, Effects, Solutions
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Depletion of Forest Resources
1/3rd of worlds land area is forested
USSR accounts for 5th of world forests,
Brazil 7th, Canada & USA for 6-7 %
India = 21.02 % of total land area
Use-
Protective Functions
Regulative Functions (Ecological)
Productive Functions (Commercial)
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Causes of Deforestation
Shifting cultivation
Demand of wood for fuel
Raw material for industries
Increasing Human population
Construction of roads
Forest Fires
Mining and dams
Overgrazing
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Effects of Deforestation
Decreased rainfall
Draught
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Soil erosion
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Flood
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Extinction of plants and animals
Regional and Global climate change
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Forest Conservation and Management
Reforestation
Alternative source of energy for cooking
Protection from fire
Grazing of cattle's should be banned
Irrigation
Tissue culture
Disease and pest management
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Water Resources
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About 97 % of earths surface covered by
water
Out of total water reserves 97.4 % is salty
water and 2.6 % is fresh water
Use:-
Drinking, irrigation, washing, disposal of
industrial waste, as a coolant in thermal
power plants etc…
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Depletion of Water Resources
55
Causes of Depletion
Water Availability
Water withdrawal - Excessive irrigation
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Groundwater Depletion
Water Pollution
Oil Spills
Factories and Refineries
Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
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Causes of Depletion
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Effects of Depletion
Drying up of wells- Lowering water
table
Reduction in streams and lakes
Deterioration of Water Quality
Increased Pumping cost
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Mineral Resources
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Naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline
solids having definite composition
Use and over-exploitation
Environment effects of extracting and using
mineral resources
Gems That Complete Our World.
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Generally found in form of ores.
Is of great importance to mankind and used for
manufacture of useful products.
Earlier use of minerals in form of pigments.
Now days are used for manufacture of both
scientific and general purpose products.
Ranging from toothpaste to automobile batteries.
Also used as fluxes in metallurgy for separation of
different elements.
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Uses
Metallic and non metallic minerals
Industries, construction, Housing
Consumer goods, Energy generation
Aircrafts (Aluminium), Communication system
Coins (Nickel)
Jewellery (Gold, silver)
Fertilizers, insecticides (Phosphorous, sulphur)
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Mines
Mining is a process of extraction of valuable minerals from earth or from a ore body.
Materials recovered by mining include base metals , precious ones, diamonds even oil shale, rock salt and potash.
In a wider sense comprises extraction of any non-renewable resource(e.g petroleum, natural gas even water).
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Effects of Mineral Depletion
Increasing cost of Fossil fuels, oil etc
More efforts to drill, results in
environmental abuse
Subsidence of land
Mining pollution, Health hazards
Groundwater contamination
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Depletion of Soil Resources
Land as resource
Land degradation
Landslides
Soil erosion
Desertification
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Global Environmental Crisis
Population
Water
Sanitation
Land
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Population
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Population :-
Group of individuals of species occupying a
definite geographic area at a given time
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Population Growth
Global Population Growth-
Year Population (in billions)
1700 0.6
1850 1
1930 2
1960 3
1987 5
2000 6.1
2050 9.1
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First 10 largest countries (Projected for 2050)
Sr. No. Country Population (In Millions)
1 India 1628
2 China 1369
3 United States 404
4 Indonesia 312
5 Nigeria 304
6 Pakistan 285
7 Brazil 244
8 Bangladesh 211
9 Ethiopia 188
10 Congo 182
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Continued…
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Industrial Revolution
Infrastructure
Water
Energy
Transportation
Increased Productivity
Nutrition
Sanitation
Medicine
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Problems related to Population
Shortage of Natural resources
Poor management of resources
Shortage of Healthcare services
Disturbing demographic structure of
area
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Videos…
..\..\Videos\7.1 Human Population Growth.flv
..\..\Videos\7.2 The Effects of Overpopulation.flv
..\..\Videos\Population Problems.flv
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Water
Very much important to life, no one survive without
it
No substitute to water
Most critical limiting factor for many aspects of life:-
Economic Growth, Environmental Stability
Bio-diversity Conservation
Food Security, Health Care
1/4th World population have NO ACCESS to safe
drinking water.
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Water Crisis
On average globally 70 % of water withdrawn
for agriculture
In India 93 % of water withdrawn for
agriculture
Kuwait uses only 4 % for crop lands
On average globally 25 % of water used for
industrial purpose.
Conflicts of water- Inter state and international
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Sanitation
In India lack of adequate sanitation in rural
area
Out of 108 households, 14 households have NO
sanitation in urban area.
Of the 2.5 billion people in world that defecate
openly, 665 million live in India
88 % deaths from Diarrhea occur due to poor
hygiene, inadequate sanitation
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Flush Toilets→ Not possible to provide→
Scarcity of Water
Ecological Toilets→ Practical, hygienic, cost-
effective
Effect on environment
Health impact
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Land
Area of Earth =140 million sq.km
Vital for our Existence on it
Preserves Terrestrial Biodiversity
Regulates Water & Carbon Cycles
Stores Basic Resources - Groundwater, Minerals, Fossil
Fuels
Dump for solid & Liquid Waste
Basis for Settlements and Transport / Migration
Activities
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Ecosystem
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Things to be learned…
Concept and Classification of Ecosystem
Structure and functions of Ecosystem
Producers, Consumers, Decomposers
Food chains, Food webs, Ecological pyramids
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What is an Ecosystem?
Term proposed by British ecologist A. G. Tansley in
1935. Consisting of all Plants, Animals and Micro-
organisms
Region with Specific and Recognizable landscape form.
An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all
living and non-living things.
Eco = The Environment
System = Regularly interacting and interdependent
components forming a unified whole.
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Ecosystem = An Ecological system
An Ecosystem Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 84
What is an Ecology?
The branch of biology that deals with the
relations of organisms to one another and to their
physical surroundings.
The study of the interaction of people with their
environment.
EVS Videos\Ecology Introduction.mp4
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Fundamental Characteristics of Ecosystem
Structural
Living /Biotic
Non-living
/Abiotic
Inorganic components
Organic components
Climatic Regimes
Functional
Energy cycles
Food chains
Diversity
Nutrient cycles
Evolution
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Structure:
Living/Biotic ( Plants, Animals and Micro-
organisms )
Non-living/ Abiotic (soil, climate, water and light )
Inorganic components - C,N,CO2
Organic components - Proteins, Fats
Climatic Regimes - Temp, Moisture
Macro and Micro consumers
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On the basis of particular type of habitat, they are divided as:
Various Types of Ecosystems
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Terrestrial Ecosystem
Forest
Grassland
Desert
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Fresh
Water
• Running water
• Streams, Rivers
• Standing water
• Lakes, ponds
Marine
Water
• Deep sea
• Oceans
Aquatic Ecosystem
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Components of Ecosystem
Abiotic components:
1. Abiotic components are non - living chemical & physical factors in the environment.
2. They practically provides all the energy for ecosystems.
Biotic components:
1. Producers
2. Consumers
3. Decomposers
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Examples of Producers
Grasses
Shrubs
Trees
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Examples of Consumers
Herbivores
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Carnivores
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Omnivores
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Decomposers Feed on organic compounds of dead or living plants
and animals for food and energy
Breakdown products & release inorganic compounds
(nutrients) in the ecosystem, making them available
again to producers.
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“ The transfer of energy and nutrients through a
series of organisms with repeated process of
eating and being eaten”.
All the organisms are linked together with one
another by food relationship.
Each organism living or dead is potential food for
some other organism.
Food Chain
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Food web Interlocking pattern of several interlinked food chains is
termed as FOOD WEB.
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Ecological Pyramids
The relationship between producers, consumers and
decomposers at different tropic levels in an ecosystem.
Pyramid represents decrease in amount of energy,
number of organisms and biomass from producers to
higher level consumers.
Types of pyramid –
1. Pyramid of Energy
2. Pyramid of Numbers
3. Pyramid of Biomass
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Grasses
Snakes, Frogs,
Birds etc.
Cows Sheep,
Deer, Rabbit
Trees
Lion, Tiger,
etc.
Elephant, Deer etc.
Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
Phytoplankton's
Fish etc.
Zooplanktons
Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
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Grassland Ecosystem Forest Ecosystem
Pond Ecosystem
101
The occurrence of definite sequence of
communities over a period of time in same area.
A process through which ecosystems tends to
change, over a period of time
A change in the community in which new
populations of organisms gradually replace
existing ones.
Can be related to environmental changes.
Ecological Succession
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Three stages-
1. Pioneer stage
2. Serial stage
3. Climax stage
E.g. Pond Ecosystem
Ecological Succession
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Examples of Primary
Succession
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Example of Secondary Succession
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Basic Things To Remember About Ecosystems-
What is the nature / type of an ecosystem?
What are its structure and functions?
Who uses the ecosystems and for what purpose?
How is ecosystem degraded?
What can be done to protect it from deteriorating
in the long time? How can the ecosystem be
conserved?
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..\Videos\10 ways to GO GREEN.mp4
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Thank You…
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