Welcome Unit 4 Seminar Community-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving.

WelcomeUnit 4 Seminar

Community-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving

Policing America, 6th editionKenneth Peak

© 2009 Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458.

All Rights Reserved.2

We are moving…

Unit One – History of PolicingUnit Two – Local, State & Federal AgenciesUnit 3 - Patrol




Unit Three and Four Assignments

Seminar Discussion Board Quiz Project Paper Reading (Chapter 4 –

Citizen to Officer & Chapter 5 – On Patrol)

(All due on February 22nd by 11:59pm)

Seminar Discussion Board Quiz Reading (Chapter 6 –

Community Policing and Chapter 7 – Criminal Investigation)

(All due on March 1st by 11:59pm)

Unit Three Unit Four




Unit 4 Assignments

Discussion board Undercover

Quiz Retake to improve grade

Seminar Remember to participate




Unit 5 mid term essay Write a 2 page paper response (excluding cover

page) for each of the following questions:

Contrast the differences and similarities between the federal, state, and local levels of law enforcement.

How did August Vollmer and other pioneers in law enforcement contribute to the development of criminal investigative techniques?

400 words for each answer Minimum of 2 references for each answer Due on 8 March 2011




Request




Question What is the

best way to describe community policing?




Question Have you ever

attended a community policing event? Citizen’s police academy?

Miami Phoenix




Basic Principles of Community Policing

Redefined role Public must be engaged in the

fight against crime and disorder Peel emphasized this in the

1820s In the early 1980s, COP emerged

as the dominant model Working partnership with

community





Long-term process that involves fundamental institutional change

Role from crime fighter to problem solver

Decentralized organizational structure and changes in recruiting, training, evaluations, promotions

Break away from incident-driven policing




Video Time Watch the video Then return to the seminar to

discuss the video http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=UAf23H2Dz7I





Police station houses are being changed in terms of design and amenities

Was seen as unfriendly places Some jurisdictions now have police

stations with ATMs, kitchen-equipped meeting rooms for public use and more areas open to the public




Major Step Forward: Problem-Oriented Policing

Problem solving is not new Routine application of problem-

solving techniques are new Problem solving can be applied by

officers throughout the agency Routine problem-solving efforts

can be effective in reducing or resolving problems





Problem-orienting policing (POP) was grounded on different principles than COP, but they are complimentary

POP advocates that police examine underlying causes of recurring crime

Herman Goldstein is the principal architect of POP




Question What are the

responsibilities of a beat officer in the community policing model?




Questions Have you ever been a

victim of a crime? If so did you make a

police report? How was your contact

with the police? Positive or negative?




Questions What are the top three

crimes in your immediate neighborhood?

How did you learn about crime issues in your area?

Does your local police provide information or statistics about crime in your area?




Problem Solving Process

In Chicago Police Department we have a five step process

Other cities use variations called a four step process

This process is used for problems that occur in the community

Allows officers to work together with community members to solve problems




Theft From Auto




5 Step Process 1. Identify the problem 2. Analyze the problem 3. Design strategies 4. Implement the strategies 5. Evaluate and acknowledge

success

A simple but effective process that can be used at work, home or school




SARAFour-stage problem-solving process1. Scanning

Behaviors Locations People Time Events Primary purpose of scanning is to conduct

a preliminary inquiry to determine if a problem does exist




Video Time

Watch the video Then return to the seminar to

discuss the video http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=iDzkn7b6gxA




Sources of Information Neighborhood Watch Block Clubs Community meetings Free cell phones to volunteers Anonymous hot tip line to police Empowering the community




SARA

2. Analysis The heart of the problem-solving process Learn as much as possible about the

problem to identify causes Identifying seriousness of the problem Knowing all the individuals involved and

affected Listing all the causes of the problem Assessing current responses and their

effectiveness




SARA Several methods developed for

analyzing Problem-analysis triangle The use of crime-mapping and offense

reports The analysis of CFS The use of community surveys




SARA Some factors known to affect volume

and type of crime Population density Variations in composition of population Stability of population Modes of transportation Climate Citizens’ attitudes toward crime




SARA

Types of crime analysis1. Tactical

Provides information used to assist operations personnel

Includes associating criminal activity by method, crime, time, date, location




SARA

2. Strategic Concerned with long-range

problems and projections of long-term increases or decreases in crime

Also includes the preparation of crime statistical summaries, resource acquisition, and allocation studies




SARA

3. Administrative Focuses on provision of economic,

geographic, or social information to administration

Problem solvers should review their findings about the three sides of the crime triangle – victims, offenders, and locations




SARA

3. Response The ultimate challenge in POP The search for the most effective

way of dealing with the problem Focuses on developing and

implementing responses to problem




SARA

4. Assessment Officers evaluate the effectiveness of

their responses Reduced instances of repeat

victimization Decreases in related crime or incidents Neighborhood indicators Reduced citizen fear related to the

problem




Basic Principles of COPPS

Both COP and POP share characteristics

1. Decentralization2. Geographically rather than

functionally defined subordinate units

3. Close interactions with local communities




Basic Principles of COPPS For COPPS to succeed, the

following measures are required1. Conducting accurate community

needs assessments2. Mobilizing all appropriate players

to collect data and brainstorm strategies

3. Determine appropriate resource allocations




Basic Principles of COPPS

4. Developing and implementing innovative, collaborative, comprehensive programs to address underlying causes and causal factors

5. Evaluating programs and modifying approaches as needed




Implementation of COPPS Strongly argued that a

departmentwide of COPPS be used No golden rule or any universal

methods to ensure the successful adoption

The role of the rank-and-file officer The role of the environment where

COPPS is implemented




Implementation of COPPS Leadership and Administration

Communicate to all department members the vital role of COPPS

Provide incentives to engage in COPPS Reduce the barriers to COPPS that can

occur Show officers how to address problems




Implementation of COPPS Human Resources

Middle managers and first-line supervisors play a crucial role

First-line supervisors and senior patrol officers seem to generate the greatest resistance to COPPS




Implementation of COPPS Field Operations

Recruiting, selection, training, performance evaluation, promotion, honors and awards, discipline

Recruiting literature should reflect the principles of COPPS

Integrated into academy training




Implementation of COPPS External Relations Collaborative responses to

neighborhood crime and disorder are essential to the success of COPPS

New relationships and sharing of information between the police and the community




Implementation of COPPS Media provides means to educate

the community about COPPS Political support Broader role of the street officer

“Thinking” officers Do more than handle calls Design effective ways of responding




Community Policing in Japan

Heavy emphasis on order maintenance and prevention

Counseling services Trained in dispute resolution Urban police visit neighborhood

households Koban




Evaluating COPPS No clear verdict until rigorous

evaluations Evaluation not the same as the

SARA process Outcome measures might include:

Control of crime Citizen satisfaction with police services Decreased fear of crime




Crime Prevention Better to prevent a crime rather

than trying to solve a crime “Lock it or lose it” Giving advice to citizens about

door locks At its heart, COPPS is about

preventing crime




Crime Prevention Crime prevention through

environmental design (CPTED) “Proper design and effective use

of the environment”1. Natural access control2. Natural surveillance3. Territorial reinforcement




Crime Prevention

Five types of information needed1. Crime-analysis information2. Demographics3. Land use information4. Observations5. Resident information




Crime Prevention Repeat Victimization (RV) Greater attention given to

offenders than to crime victims If police want to know where a

crime will occur next, they should look at where it happened last

One in three burglaries is a repeat burglary of a household




Crime Prevention A small number of victims

accounts for a disproportionate number of victimizations

Drug Abuse Resistance and Education DARE program Program needs new direction




Goodnight! Thank you for the active participation Power point is available in doc

sharing section Participate in the discussion board

early and often Remember to submit unit 3 project

paper AIM martinfoley1

[email protected]

Welcome Unit 4 Seminar Community-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving.

Documents

Transcript of Welcome Unit 4 Seminar Community-Oriented Policing and Problem Solving.