Welcome to the Dekati/ExIS particle seminar 2009-09 … seminarier...

Welcome to the Dekati/ExIS particle seminar 2009-09-15

Peter Ahlvik and Staffan LarssonPeter Ahlvik and Staffan Larsson

ExIS ABExhaust Instruments ScandinaviaExhaust Instruments Scandinavia

E IS AB i S di h b dExIS AB is a Swedish-based company that offers equipment f ti l t dfor particle measurements and measurement and consultant

i th S di iservices on the Scandinavian market

20092009--0909--1414 ExIS presentation & legislation

Partners and networkInstrument and equipment suppliersInstrument and equipment suppliers

Control Control SistemSistem– CVS (full, mini, micro), driving robot

Dekati Dekati Ltd., FinlandLtd., Finland– Particle instruments & dilution

Ecomesure, FranceEcomesure, France– Distributor, PMP instrument

Grimm Aerosol, GermanyGrimm Aerosol, Germany– Particle instruments

Matter Engineering, SwitzerlandMatter Engineering, Switzerland– Dilution and particle instruments

Topas, GermanyTopas, Germany– Aerosol generators, filter testing


Legislation, automotived k dand market trends

Peter AhlvikPeter Ahlvik

Ecotraffic’s forecast (1998) forfuture energy converters i the EUfuture energy converters i the EU

100% IDI diesel

80%

90%

s (%

)

IDI diesel

CIDI diesel

60%

70%

vehi

cles

SIDI (comb.)

40%

50%

re, n

ew

SIDI otto

20%

30%

rket

sha Fully VVT

otto (TWC)

Conv. otto

0%

10%Mar (TWC)

Fuel cells

1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

20092009--0909--1414 ExIS presentation & legislationSource: Ecotraffic, 1997

The evolution of the modernpassenger car diesel enginepassenger car diesel engine

R d lf Di l (1897) T b Di l (1997)Rudolf Diesel (1897) Turbo Diesel (1997)


Particle emissions from cars1938 - 1998 (Mercedes)1938 1998 (Mercedes)

3105414

400

450

%] Particle emissions,

index 1980=100%

250

300

350

ssio

ns [%

150

200

250

icle

emis

10487

5033 25 2450

100

150

Part

i

25 24 120

50

1938 1949 1979 1986 1989 IDI 1990 +EGR

1993 + 4V

1995, 2V DI

1998 +4V +EGR,

Ox4V DI

Source: Automobil Revue, May 1997 (Mercedes)20092009--0909--1414 ExIS presentation & legislation

Exhaust and health effectsi.e. in search for the big scoop…i.e. in search for the big scoop…

RESEARCH SHOWS THAT-------------------CAN CAUSE

CANCER


NOX emission in EU (petroland diesel) and California (all)and diesel) and California (all)

Notes:Notes:•• NONO limits for California calculatedlimits for California calculated

0.8

0.9EU dieselEU petrolCalifornia

•• NONOXX limits for California calculatedlimits for California calculatedbased on the phasebased on the phase--in scheme necessaryin scheme necessaryto to fulfilfulfil the (yearly average) NMOG limits the (yearly average) NMOG limits

•• NONOXX emissions in EU before 2000 (Euro III)emissions in EU before 2000 (Euro III)

0 6

0.7

0.8

g/km

)

Driving cycles:Driving cycles:

XX ( )( )are estimated from HC+NOare estimated from HC+NOXX limitlimit

0 4

0.5

0.6

ssio

ns ( EU: EDC & NEDCEU: EDC & NEDC

California : FTPCalifornia : FTP--7575EDCEDC

NEDCNEDC

0.3

0.4

OX

emis 0,080,08

0,060,060,03 0,03

0.1

0.2NO

0.01994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016


PM emission limits for diesel-fuelled cars in EU and Californiafuelled cars in EU and California

0.14Notes:Notes:•• PM limits for California calculatedPM limits for California calculated

0.12

/km

)

EUCalif.

•• PM limits for California calculatedPM limits for California calculatedbased on the phasebased on the phase--in scheme necessaryin scheme necessaryto fulfil the (yearly average) NMOG limitsto fulfil the (yearly average) NMOG limits

PM li i lid f ll fPM li i lid f ll f

0 08

0.10

ssio

ns (g

/

Driving cycles:Driving cycles:EU: EDC & NEDCEU: EDC & NEDCCalifornia : FTPCalifornia : FTP 7575

•• PM limit valid for all types of PM limit valid for all types of fuels in California from 2004fuels in California from 2004

NEDCNEDC

0.06

0.08

ate

emis California : FTPCalifornia : FTP--7575

EDCEDC

0 02

0.04

Part

icul

0 00620 0062

0.00

0.02

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

P 0,00620,00620,0045 0,0045

20092009--0909--1414

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

ExIS presentation & legislation

Potential technology mix forNOX reduction in Euro 6NOX reduction in Euro 6

SCR catalyst

NOx trap

Without NOx ft t t t

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

aftertreatment

Engine size (litre)

Source: Ecotraffic: Combustion particles and NOX from diesel and


p Xpetrol vehicles, report for Statoil, 2008

Direct injection for otto engines

Wall and air motion guided A/F prep. Late injection, Early injection,

Spray controlled A/F prep. Late injection, stratified charge

stratified charge. homogenous chargej , g


Particle mass emissions inthe PMP test programmep g

Euro 5: 4,5 mg


Particle number emissions inthe PMP test programmethe PMP test programme

Euro 5-6: 6x1011


NOX regulations for HDengines >85 kW in EUengines >85 kW in EU

16T lT l

12

14

h)

Test cycles:Test cycles:ECE R49 & ETC ECE R49 & ETC

10

12

(g/k

Wh >97 % red.

6

8

ssio

ns

4

NO

Xem

i

0

2N

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016Year


PM regulations for HDengines >85 kW in EUengines >85 kW in EU

0.40h

0 30

0.35

h)

Test cycles:Test cycles:ECE R49 & ETC ECE R49 & ETC

-1,0

g/k

Wh

0.25

0.30

s (g/

kWh >97 % red.

’s w

as 0

,3-

0.15

0.20

emis

sion

vel i

n 19

80’

0 05

0.10PM e

cal H

D le

v

0.00

0.05

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

Typi

c

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016Year


Comparison of emission index(EINO ) for NOX emissions(EINOx) for NOX emissions

23.825.0

20.0kg]

Euro 3/IIIEuro 4/IVE 5/V

16.7

15.0NO

X[g

/k Euro 5/VEuro 6/VI

10.89.510.0on

idex

N

2 8

5.43.95.0E

mis

sio

2.81.5 1.1 1.1 1.7 2.4

0.0

LD, petrol LD, diesel HD, diesel


Comparison of emission index(EIPM) for particle emissions(EIPM) for particle emissions

1.2 Euro 3/III1.08

1.0

/kg]

Euro 3/IIIEuro 4/IVEuro 5/VE 6/VI

0.760.8

x PM

[g/ Euro 6/VI

Note that the apparent

0.540.6

n in

dex pp

tougher PM level for petrol in comparison to diesel is due to higher fuel consump-tion in the petrol case

0 140 084 0 097 0 140.2

0.4

Em

issi

o tion in the petrol case.

n.l. n.l.

0.140.084 0.097 0.140.084 0.097

0.048

0.0

0.2E

LD, petrol LD, diesel HD, diesel


HD Euro VI (Reg. (EC) No 595/2009)some open issuessome open issues

New driving cycles (WHTC WHSC) April 2010New driving cycles (WHTC WHSC) April 2010 New driving cycles (WHTC, WHSC), April 2010New driving cycles (WHTC, WHSC), April 2010 Technical Regulation (Technical Regulation (comitologycomitology) not ready) not ready OBD system to control “realOBD system to control “real--world” world” emissemiss.. “Tamper“Tamper--free” consumable reagent systemfree” consumable reagent system TamperTamper free consumable reagent system free consumable reagent system NONO22 component of NOcomponent of NOXX (if applicable) (if applicable) Retrofitting issues (e.g. NORetrofitting issues (e.g. NO22 of NOof NOXX) ) PN limit (April 2010) and measurement PN limit (April 2010) and measurement ( p )( p )

methodologymethodology Off cycle emissions & PEMSOff cycle emissions & PEMS Off cycle emissions & PEMS Off cycle emissions & PEMS


Emission limit values for HD Euro VI

Cycle and engine type

Limit values (mg/kWh, ppm, #/kWh)CO THC NMHC CH4 NOX NH3 PM PNg yp CO THC NMHC CH4 NOX NH3 PM PN

ESC (CI) 1,5 130 400 10 10 Set by April ETC (CI) 4,0 160 400 10 102010

( ) ,ETC (PI) 4,0 160 500 400 10 10WHSC --- Set by April 2010 ---WHTC --- Set by April 2010 ---


NOX/PM trade-off, Euro VI scenariosSource: Ricardo (AECC seminar)Source: Ricardo (AECC seminar)


SCR with or without EGR?What about DPF/POC?What about DPF/POC?

SCR+DPF ( EGR)? YSCR+DPF ( EGR)? Y SCR+DPF (no EGR)? YesSCR+DPF (no EGR)? Yes SCR+POC? Maybe...depends on PN limitSCR+POC? Maybe...depends on PN limit EGR+DPF?EGR+DPF? Yes... cost & fuel consumptionYes... cost & fuel consumption EGR+POC?EGR+POC? Maybe depends on PN limitMaybe depends on PN limit


EGR+POC?EGR+POC? Maybe...depends on PN limitMaybe...depends on PN limit

Particle number (PN) emission limits

Mass limit not considered sufficientMass limit not considered sufficient Mass limit not considered sufficientMass limit not considered sufficient The Particle Measurement Programme The Particle Measurement Programme gg

(PMP) was initiated by EU to develop (PMP) was initiated by EU to develop new measurement methods and set limitsnew measurement methods and set limitsnew measurement methods and set limitsnew measurement methods and set limits

Solid particle total number limit was Solid particle total number limit was ppdesired due to anticipated health effectsdesired due to anticipated health effectsE f d d ll i E 5 & 6 li itE f d d ll i E 5 & 6 li it Enforced gradually in Euro 5 & 6 limits Enforced gradually in Euro 5 & 6 limits in the timeframe 2009in the timeframe 2009--2015 (diesel first)2015 (diesel first)


Typical size distributionof exhaust aerosolof exhaust aerosol

23 nm cutoff

nuclei modecondensed Nuclei mode is highly variable

with CVS sampling conditions

l ti daccumulation modeSoot

Coarsemode

Source: Kittelson et al. 200220092009--0909--1414 ExIS presentation & legislation

PMP sampling and dilution

Dil ti VenturiDilutiontunnel

AC & HEPAAC & HEPA

PND2cold

PND1hot

Evaporationtube, 350ºC

CPCVPR: Volatile Particle Remover

20092009--0909--1414 2626ExIS presentation & legislation

Partners in RS-PMP development

EcomesureEcomesure Overall layout and design (mech. & el.) and

Integration of the system in the rackg y Production of RS-PMP units

DekatiDekati

ECOMESURE

DekatiDekati Design and manufacture of dilution system

ExIS ExIS Software and communication (AK protocol)Software and communication (AK protocol)

GrimmGrimm l f liDevelopment of PMP compliant CPC


RS-PMP measurement system for automotive particle number meas.automotive particle number meas.

Based on proven componentsBased on proven components Based on proven componentsBased on proven components Substantial Substantial simplificationsimplification

V lV l i l li l l Very low Very low particle lossesparticle losses DRDR: 1:100 : 1:100 –– 1:2000 (1:10, 11:2000 (1:10, 1--6000)6000) PrePre--DPF sampling optionDPF sampling option Touch screenTouch screen PC controlPC control Touch screen Touch screen PC controlPC control

with simple interfacewith simple interface+AK protocol+AK protocolAK protocolAK protocol

Successful Successful tests at several sitestests at several sites F rther de elopmentsF rther de elopments Further developments... Further developments...


Official tests at UTAC in France– comparing 3 measurement systemscomparing 3 measurement systems


PEMS (Portable EmissionMeasurement Systems) for PMMeasurement Systems) for PM

Difficult to validate engine emissions forDifficult to validate engine emissions for Difficult to validate engine emissions for Difficult to validate engine emissions for heavyheavy--duty vehiclesduty vehicles

PEMS offers realPEMS offers real--world testing and realworld testing and real--time monitoring of emissionstime monitoring of emissionsgg

A tool for future emission legislation A tool for future emission legislation T h i l h ll lT h i l h ll l Technical challenge: more or less Technical challenge: more or less duplicate laboratory conditions on road!!!duplicate laboratory conditions on road!!!

Instrument evaluation currently onInstrument evaluation currently on--goinggoing Al f th i l t iAl f th i l t i dd Also for other engines later, i.e. nonAlso for other engines later, i.e. non--road road


Candidate portable instrument systemsAdopted from JRC presentationAdopted from JRC presentation

AVL Mi S SAVL Mi S S AVL Micro Soot SensorAVL Micro Soot Sensor

Control Sistem MicroControl Sistem Micro PSSPSS Control Sistem MicroControl Sistem Micro--PSSPSS

Dekati ETaPSDekati ETaPS Dekati ETaPSDekati ETaPS

Dekati DMMDekati DMM Dekati DMMDekati DMM

Horiba OBSHoriba OBS--TPRMTPRM

Sensors PPMD (MPS+QCM)Sensors PPMD (MPS+QCM)


Phase 1 - preliminary resultsAdopted from JRC presentationAdopted from JRC presentation


Some bold statements……for further discustion 1(2)…for further discustion 1(2)

Automotive manufacturers will invest in PMPAutomotive manufacturers will invest in PMPAutomotive manufacturers will invest in PMP Automotive manufacturers will invest in PMP instruments in every test cellinstruments in every test cell

AutAut man will only need a few instruments forman will only need a few instruments forAutAut. man. will only need a few instruments for . man. will only need a few instruments for homologation and research. It is all about homologation and research. It is all about choosing the right DPF monolithchoosing the right DPF monolithchoosing the right DPF monolith. choosing the right DPF monolith.

Increasing focus on Increasing focus on ottootto (petrol) engine PN (petrol) engine PN PrePre--DPF measurements will be of increasing DPF measurements will be of increasing

importaceimportace (DPF loading, reg. strategy, (DPF loading, reg. strategy, durdur…). …). pp ( g, g gy,( g, g gy, ))More information is needed (size, mass, etc…)More information is needed (size, mass, etc…)

AVL & Horiba will claim 90% of PMP marketAVL & Horiba will claim 90% of PMP marketAVL & Horiba will claim 90% of PMP market.AVL & Horiba will claim 90% of PMP market.


Some bold statements……for further discustion 2(2)…for further discustion 2(2)

Market for nonMarket for non--compliant PMP instruments?compliant PMP instruments?Market for nonMarket for non compliant PMP instruments? compliant PMP instruments? PEMS will focus on replicating lab meas.PEMS will focus on replicating lab meas.

PEMS ill i i l iPEMS ill i i l i PEMS will require simpler instruments or PEMS will require simpler instruments or parallel market for nonparallel market for non--compliant instruments compliant instruments (i l di f S)(i l di f S)(including PMP for PEMS)(including PMP for PEMS)

PEMS will also be interesting for nonPEMS will also be interesting for non--highway highway gg g yg yvehicles and lightvehicles and light--duty vehicles… duty vehicles…


This concludes the presentation

Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!

More information available at: www exisab comwww.exisab.com


Welcome to the Dekati/ExIS particle seminar 2009-09 … seminarier...

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Transcript of Welcome to the Dekati/ExIS particle seminar 2009-09 … seminarier...