Welcome to Paris, FranceWelcome to Paris, France

June 28, 1919 The Versailles Palace

Welcome to Paris, FranceWelcome to Paris, France

The Hall of Mirrors, inside the palace

Remember the WarRemember the War

A photograph of a man suffering from trench footA photograph of a man suffering from trench foot

President WilsonPresident Wilson’’s Opinion Changess Opinion Changes

““Our whole duty for the present, Our whole duty for the present, at any rate, is summed up in this at any rate, is summed up in this motto: motto: ““America FirstAmerica First”” . . .The . . .The Basis (Reason) for neutrality is Basis (Reason) for neutrality is sympathy for mankind. It is sympathy for mankind. It is impartiality of spirit and of impartiality of spirit and of judgment.judgment.”” April, 1915April, 1915

May, 1915May, 1915

British passenger liner, the British passenger liner, the LusitaniaLusitania, is , is torpedoed! 1198 civilians are dead, torpedoed! 1198 civilians are dead, including 128 Americans!including 128 Americans!

Lusitania sunk by a German U-boat’s torpedo fire.

President WilsonPresident Wilson’’s Opinion Changess Opinion Changes

““Since it has unhappily proved Since it has unhappily proved impossible to safeguard our neutral impossible to safeguard our neutral rights by diplomatic means against rights by diplomatic means against the unwarranted infringements they the unwarranted infringements they are suffering at the hands of are suffering at the hands of Germany, there may be no recourse Germany, there may be no recourse but to armed neutrality.but to armed neutrality.””

February, 1917February, 1917

February, 1917February, 1917

The Zimmerman Telegram is intercepted by British The Zimmerman Telegram is intercepted by British Officials. They gave it to America.Officials. They gave it to America.

It is a secret note from GermanyIt is a secret note from Germany

to Mexico, that really enragedto Mexico, that really enraged

the American public!!the American public!!

the German Foreign Minister, Arthur Zimmerman

President WilsonPresident Wilson’’s Opinion Changess Opinion Changes

““Let this be a war to end all wars . . . The Let this be a war to end all wars . . . The world must be made safe for democracy.world must be made safe for democracy.””

April, 1917April, 1917 ““It is a fearful thing to lead this great It is a fearful thing to lead this great

peaceful people into war.peaceful people into war.”” April, 1917April, 1917

Results of the WarResults of the War GermanyGermany lost 1.8 million soldiers and 187 lost 1.8 million soldiers and 187

thousand tons of shipsthousand tons of ships The The U.S.U.S. lost 116 thousand soldiers and 394 lost 116 thousand soldiers and 394

thousand tons of shipsthousand tons of ships ItalyItaly lost 650 thousand soldiers and 846 lost 650 thousand soldiers and 846

thousands tons of shipsthousands tons of ships FranceFrance lost 1.4 million soldiers and 888 lost 1.4 million soldiers and 888

thousand tons of ships, plus 10 billion dollars thousand tons of ships, plus 10 billion dollars of property losses;of property losses;

Great BritainGreat Britain lost 908 thousand soldiers and lost 908 thousand soldiers and 7.8 million tons of ships7.8 million tons of ships

The Big FourThe Big Four

Vittorio Orlando - Italian premier who wanted territory promised in Treaty of London (1915), and maybe more.David Lloyd George - British prime minister who wanted the support of the British public by punishing Germany.Georges Clemenceau - French prime minister who wanted the Treaty to prevent Germany from attacking France ever again. (Le Tigre)Woodrow Wilson - American president who wanted the League of Nations formed, and a fair treaty for Germany.

WilsonWilson’’s Fourteen Pointss Fourteen Points

I. No secret treaties!!!!I. No secret treaties!!!! II. Freedom of the seas: no blockadesII. Freedom of the seas: no blockades III. Removal of most trade barriers III. Removal of most trade barriers IV. Reduction of arms to safe levelsIV. Reduction of arms to safe levels V. Adjustment of coloniesV. Adjustment of colonies VI. The evacuation of all Russian territoryVI. The evacuation of all Russian territory VII. Belgium given help and hope from all.VII. Belgium given help and hope from all.

WilsonWilson’’s Fourteen Pointss Fourteen Points VIII. All French territory in the invaded portions restored.VIII. All French territory in the invaded portions restored. IX. ItalyIX. Italy’’s land returned s land returned X. Austria-Hungary divided into small countries according X. Austria-Hungary divided into small countries according

to nationality of people to nationality of people XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be XI. Rumania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be

evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded evacuated; occupied territories restored; Serbia accorded free and secure access to the seafree and secure access to the sea

XII. Freedom for colonies of Turkey. XII. Freedom for colonies of Turkey. XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected with XIII. An independent Polish state should be erected with

full freedom and access to the sea.full freedom and access to the sea. XIV. A general association of nations must be formed XIV. A general association of nations must be formed

under specific covenants for the purpose of affording under specific covenants for the purpose of affording mutual guarantees of political independence and mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small states alike.territorial integrity to great and small states alike.

Review Day—World War IReview Day—World War I

Test Test Study notesStudy notesStudy worksheets, tooStudy worksheets, tooStudy textbook; online Study textbook; online

review available review available

M.A.I.N. Causes of WWIM.A.I.N. Causes of WWI

MM: : – – a nationa nation’’s policy to maintain strong s policy to maintain strong armed forces armed forces

AA: : - - the formation of military agreements the formation of military agreements among nations.among nations.

I:I: – – a nationa nation’’s attempt to gain control of s attempt to gain control of weaker nations.weaker nations.

NN: : - - extreme loyalty to a nation and concern extreme loyalty to a nation and concern for its welfare.for its welfare.

World War IWorld War IA.A. Causes of the WarCauses of the War

1. Nationalism in Bosnia 1. Nationalism in Bosnia (wanted to be independent from (wanted to be independent from the Austria-Hungarian Empire)the Austria-Hungarian Empire)

2. 2. System – countries agreed to aid their allies in System – countries agreed to aid their allies in a crisis (mutual defense) a crisis (mutual defense)

a. a. Alliance (Central Powers): Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria-Hungary, and OttomanGermany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman

Empire (Turkey).Empire (Turkey).

b. Triple b. Triple (Allies): France, Russia, (Allies): France, Russia, and Great Britainand Great Britain

B. The war started with the B. The war started with the assassination of Austrianassassination of Austrian’’s s Archduke Archduke by a by a Slavic nationalist. Slavic nationalist.

- - came to the aid came to the aid of Serbia (who was blamed for the of Serbia (who was blamed for the assassination). assassination).

Then Germany came to the aid Then Germany came to the aid of Austria- Hungary.of Austria- Hungary.

C. Stalemate in the C. Stalemate in the

(soldiers would live and fight)(soldiers would live and fight)

Example: Allies gained about 1,200 yards at the cost of Example: Allies gained about 1,200 yards at the cost of 17,000 men17,000 men

D. New WeaponsD. New Weapons

guns, heavy artillery, tanks, poison guns, heavy artillery, tanks, poison GAS, airplanes, U-boats. GAS, airplanes, U-boats.

E. E. U.S. Goes to WarU.S. Goes to War – Wilson tries to keep – Wilson tries to keep U.S. out of war (American U.S. out of war (American ))

1. Causes of U.S. involvement1. Causes of U.S. involvement

a. German Submarine (U-a. German Submarine (U- ))

warfare against U.S. tradewarfare against U.S. trade

b. Sinking of the b. Sinking of the in 1915 in 1915

-killed 1,198; 128 Americans-killed 1,198; 128 Americans

c. Wilson prepares for Warc. Wilson prepares for War

- - Election of 1916 Election of 1916 ““he kept us out of he kept us out of ””

d.d. Zimmerman Zimmerman – offered to gain – offered to gain American territory for Mexico in exchange for American territory for Mexico in exchange for alliance against the U.S.alliance against the U.S.

a. a. Out of War (1917) – communist Out of War (1917) – communist RevolutionRevolution

-- Wilson said, -- Wilson said, ““the world must be safe for the world must be safe for ””..

What is more precious than peace?—What is more precious than peace?—””the right the right of people to have a of people to have a in their own in their own governmentgovernment””

2. American Expeditionary Forces – 2. American Expeditionary Forces – commanded by General John commanded by General John

a. stop U-boat attacks by using the a. stop U-boat attacks by using the system.system.

b. 2 million b. 2 million boys were sent to boys were sent to EuropeEurope

c. Americans helped to boost the Allies to c. Americans helped to boost the Allies to victory. victory.

2. Results of W W I2. Results of W W I

Over Over million lives lost in combat, disease million lives lost in combat, disease and famine.and famine.

F On the Home FrontF On the Home Front

1. War Industries 1. War Industries -regulated the -regulated the supply of raw materials and finished products supply of raw materials and finished products for the war effort.for the war effort.

2. 2. ““ will win the war will win the war””

3. 3. went to work in the went to work in the factories to replace the men.factories to replace the men.

4. 4. –Americans use less –Americans use less food and oil for the war effort.food and oil for the war effort.

5. Liberty Loans (War 5. Liberty Loans (War ))

G. G. The PeaceThe Peace

1. Wilson1. Wilson’’s Plan – s Plan – Points Points (plan for peace)(plan for peace)

a. eliminate the causes of war.a. eliminate the causes of war.

b. based on National b. based on National --

determination (Polish people go to Poland)determination (Polish people go to Poland)

c. League of c. League of – international – international

organization to prevent war. organization to prevent war.

2. Treaty of 2. Treaty of - territorial issues - territorial issues

(break up the old empires)(break up the old empires)

a. Nations created – Finland, a. Nations created – Finland, , , Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia (victory for Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia (victory for self-determination)self-determination)

----many many groups free from foreign groups free from foreign rule. rule.

b. b. was hurt the worst was hurt the worst -Reparations of -Reparations of billion. billion.

c. c. of Nations created. of Nations created.

3. U.S. Senate 3. U.S. Senate the treaty the treaty(needed a (needed a rdsrds vote in Senate) vote in Senate)note: Wilson went to get support from the people note: Wilson went to get support from the people (caused him to have a stroke). (caused him to have a stroke).

H. Global Impact of the WarH. Global Impact of the War

1. League of Nations 1. League of Nations without U.S. without U.S.

2. Devastation in Europe2. Devastation in Europe

3. U.S. 3. U.S. country in country in

the world. the world.