Welcome to MT 140 Unit 2 – Foundations of Management
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Cynthia Cherry
Welcome to MT 140Unit 2 – Foundations of Management
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Unit 2 Outcomes
• Identify significant past and current management theories
• Describe the business organization as an open system
• Identify the role of internal and external environmental factors in business
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Take out a piece of paper….
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J FKFB INAT OUP SNA SAI RS
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JFK FBI NATO UPS NASA IRS
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From Made to Stick by Chip Heath and Dan Heath
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Businesses are open systems
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Raw Materials
Services
Equipment
Capital
Information
INPUTSOUTPUTS
Products
ServicesOrganization
Bateman/Snell: Management
Businesses are open systems
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The External Environment
Bateman/Snell: Management
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Competitive Environment
• Who is the competition?
• How do they compete?
• What are competitors doing?
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Barriers to Market Entry
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Barriers to Market Entry
• Government Policy
• Capital Requirements
• Brand Identification
• Cost Disadvantages
• Distribution Channels
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Substitutes and Complements
• Substitutes: a potential threat
• Complements: a potential opportunity
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Management Theories
• Classical
• Behavioral
• Systems
• Contingency
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Classical Approach
• Late 1800’s• “One best way”
• Task definition• Dividing and simplifying tasks
• Frederick Taylor, Fayol, etc.
• Our current POLC is derived from Henri Fayol’s Theory circa 1917!
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Behavioral Approach
• Early 1900’s
• Need to understand people attitudes and behaviors
• Hawthorne Experiment
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Systems Approach
• 1930-1940
• Organization is a set of interrelated parts that can be managed as a whole
• Inputs, transformation, output, feedback
• W. Edward Deming• Continuous improvement and process control
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Contingency Approach
• 1960’s
• “It depends”
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Unit 2 Assignments
• Reading, Chapter 2
• Discussion Question
• Assignment
• Review