Welcome to Welcome to

Marine BiologyMarine Biology

Jones Beach at 6:00am (Low Tide)Jones Beach at 6:00am (Low Tide)

Do NowDo Now

What is the first thing What is the first thing that comes to mind that comes to mind when you hear, or when you hear, or see, the word see, the word ““MarineMarine””??

Was it this???Was it this???

Or was it this??Or was it this??

The word The word ““MarinMarinee ””::

Refers to; anything of, Refers to; anything of, found in, or produced found in, or produced by the sea.by the sea.

Marine Biology vs. Marine Biology vs. OceanographyOceanography

Marine BiologyMarine Biology is the study of life is the study of life in the ocean.in the ocean.

OceanographyOceanography is the study of the is the study of the physical characteristics of the physical characteristics of the ocean ocean

Sir Charles Thompson is Sir Charles Thompson is considered to be the “Father of considered to be the “Father of Oceanography”.Oceanography”.

Physical Characteristics of Water

• Color• Temperature• Turbidity- cloudiness• Salinity- saltiness• Pressure• Currents• Density

The Water PlanetThe Water Planet• Our Earth is made up of 71% Our Earth is made up of 71%

water.water.

• Most of that water is marine Most of that water is marine (salt).(salt).

• Less than 10% of the EarthLess than 10% of the Earth’’s s water is freshwater.water is freshwater.

• Of that 10% less than 3% is Of that 10% less than 3% is drinkable! What is the other 7%?drinkable! What is the other 7%?

LetLet’’s go to the Video!s go to the Video!

More VideosMore Videos

Class WorkClass Work

1.1. Grab a Textbook!Grab a Textbook!

2.2. Read pages 7-13.Read pages 7-13.

3.3. Answer section review Answer section review questions 1-3 on pages 10, questions 1-3 on pages 10, and 1-3 on page 14.and 1-3 on page 14.

Do NowDo Now

Think of 3 things, that Think of 3 things, that you can think of, that you can think of, that are of, found in, or are are of, found in, or are produced by the sea!produced by the sea!

Oceans 7!Oceans 7!

Where are they Where are they Found?Found?

Let’s Review1.1. What is the difference What is the difference

between Marine Biology and between Marine Biology and Oceanography?Oceanography?

2.2. How much of our planet is How much of our planet is covered by water? How covered by water? How much of that is freshwater?much of that is freshwater?

3.3. Define the word Marine. Define the word Marine. 4.4. How many Oceans are How many Oceans are

there? Name them.there? Name them.

Now, sit back and let me Now, sit back and let me introduce you to some of my introduce you to some of my ““friendsfriends””………..………..

A Tribute to A Tribute to the the

Undersea Undersea WorldWorld

Ocean Explorers and Ocean Explorers and NavigatorsNavigators

Explorers/NavigatorsExplorers/Navigators

VikingsVikings Scandinavian Scandinavian CountriesCountries

Newfoundland, Newfoundland, CanadaCanada

ColumbusColumbus Spain/ItalySpain/Italy BahamasBahamas

BalboaBalboa SpainSpain PanamaPanama

MagellanMagellan PortugalPortugal Americas to Americas to PhilippinesPhilippines

VerrazanoVerrazano ItalyItaly North AmericaNorth America

Why Did They Why Did They Explore?Explore?

• A sense of adventureA sense of adventure

• Opportunities to expand trade Opportunities to expand trade routesroutes

• Conquer new landsConquer new lands

• Obtain great wealthObtain great wealth

Early Ocean Explorers

HWHW

1.1. Read pages 10-13 Read pages 10-13

2.2. Answer section review Answer section review questions 1-3 on page 14 questions 1-3 on page 14 ( at the top of the page).( at the top of the page).

Diving Diving Through Through the Agesthe Ages

Diving Diving Through Through the Agesthe Ages

What do you What do you think each think each piece of piece of equipment is equipment is used for?used for?

How difficult is it to How difficult is it to see underwater see underwater without a facemask? without a facemask? Why?Why?

History of History of DivingDiving

4500 years ago the 4500 years ago the ancient Greeks were the ancient Greeks were the first to “dive”.first to “dive”.

They used newly They used newly developed glass, it was developed glass, it was very primitive and very primitive and difficult to see through.difficult to see through.

They dove for They dove for ornamental shells.ornamental shells.

Diving ChamberDiving Chamber•The The divingdiving chamberchamber was a was a huge barrel that huge barrel that contained a contained a limited supply of limited supply of air!air!•It was attached It was attached to a ship, limited to a ship, limited movement.movement.•Was made of Was made of metal so you metal so you couldn’t see couldn’t see through it through it

Diving SuitDiving Suit The The DivingDiving SuitSuit

(1873)was made of (1873)was made of watertight canvas watertight canvas

had a heavy metal had a heavy metal helmet into which helmet into which air was pumped air was pumped from the surface.from the surface.

Limited movement, Limited movement, still attached to the still attached to the ship.ship.

“12 Steps to Honor”

SCUBASCUBA SCUBA-SCUBA- self contained self contained

underwater breathing underwater breathing apparatus (aqualung) apparatus (aqualung) was developed by was developed by JacquesJacques CousteauCousteau and and his partner his partner EmilEmil GagnanGagnan in 1942. in 1942.

It allowed for greater It allowed for greater movement and movement and freedom underwater.freedom underwater.

Jacques Cousteau

SCUBA Gear

SummarySummaryAdvances in technology, especially Advances in technology, especially

in the past 150 years, have given in the past 150 years, have given people the ability to explore the people the ability to explore the ocean:ocean:

• at greater depthsat greater depths• for longer periods of timefor longer periods of time• with more safety and mobilitywith more safety and mobility

Do NowDo Now•Read pages 15 Read pages 15 (bottom)- 20. (bottom)- 20. •Answer section Answer section review questions 1-3 review questions 1-3 on page 20.on page 20.

Submersibles and

Sonar

Why were scuba divers not used to locate the resting place of the Titanic?

How was the Titanic located? Using sonar and submersibles. 1934 Dr. William Beebe reached a depth of 900

meters in a steel chamber called a Bathysphere ( fits 2 people).

In 1960 a Swiss team of Auguste and Jacques Piccard, made the deepest dive in a submersible (bathyscaphe) to the bottom of the Mariana Trench (10,852 meters- 4 hrs.).

Alvin is a submersible that has logged in over 1000 dives. It holds a crew of 3.

Dr. Sylvia Earle holds the record for the deepest solo dive- 380 meters. (Jim Suit)

Beebe’s Bathysphere

The Jim Suit

How do Modern Submersibles Explore the Ocean Floor?

• Using unmanned vehicles called Robots.

• Using personal submersibles.• Using high tech submersibles

specially outfitted to withstand the cold temperatures and high pressure of the deep ocean.

• Using Sonar (sound navigation and ranging).

Alvin

Sonar• Sonar stands for sound navigation and

ranging.• Sonar uses a beam of sound waves and directs

them downward.• After the sound wave hits the bottom of the ocean

(ocean floor), or an object, it will bounce off and return back causing an echo.

• This is then recorded on a depth recorder on the ship.

• Some marine organisms use Echolocation, which is a form of sonar (dolphins, whales, porpoises).

Sonar

SummaryThe development of advanced

technology, in the form of submersibles, robot vehicles, and sonar equipment has opened up the fields of Marine Biology and Oceanography in a way we could never have imagined!

HW

• Study for exam on Chapter 1.

• Review powerpoints.

• Review homework questions.

• Exam is 25 questions (multiple choice, fill-ins, and short answer).

BuoyancyBuoyancy

Why did the Titanic Sink?Why did the Titanic Sink?

BuoyancyBuoyancyWhy do some objects float, while other Why do some objects float, while other

objects sink?objects sink?

A coin sinks because it weighs more A coin sinks because it weighs more than the water it displaces.than the water it displaces.

The aluminum ball floats because it The aluminum ball floats because it contains air within its folds.contains air within its folds.

Air weighs less than water, so the ball Air weighs less than water, so the ball weighs less than the water it weighs less than the water it displaces.displaces.

BuoyancyBuoyancy• Archimedes was an ancient Greek Archimedes was an ancient Greek

scientist who discovered that scientist who discovered that floating objects are supported by an floating objects are supported by an upward force called upward force called buoyancybuoyancy. ( P.S.- . ( P.S.- he discovered this while taking a he discovered this while taking a bath, and decided to run through the bath, and decided to run through the streets shouting out streets shouting out ““Eureka, Eureka, Eureka!Eureka!””))

• Buoyant force is equal to the weight Buoyant force is equal to the weight of the liquid that the force displaces.of the liquid that the force displaces.

• The theory concerning buoyancy is The theory concerning buoyancy is called Archimedes Principle.called Archimedes Principle.

Why did the Why did the Titanic Sink?Titanic Sink?

• After it hit the iceberg, water began to After it hit the iceberg, water began to fill the air filled compartments on the fill the air filled compartments on the ship.ship.

• The added weight of the water, The added weight of the water, combined with the weight of the ship combined with the weight of the ship became greater than the buoyant force became greater than the buoyant force supporting the ship.supporting the ship.

• We all know what happened after that!We all know what happened after that!

LetLet’’s go to the Video!s go to the Video!

HWHW1.1. Answer chapter review Answer chapter review

questions on pages 9-12 questions on pages 9-12 on page 24.on page 24.

2.2. Read pages 7-10 (top of Read pages 7-10 (top of page).page).

3.3. Answer section review Answer section review questions 1-3 on page 10.questions 1-3 on page 10.