WELCOME TO LONDON

Next

TOPICS

Famous visiting places About sports London’s history

FAMOUS VISITING PLACES - 1

British Museum :

Tate Modern :

National Gallery :

next

The world-famous British Museum exhibits the works of man from prehistoric to modern times from around the world. Highlights include the Rosetta Stone, the Parthenon sculptures, and the mummies in the Ancient Egypt collection. Entry is free but special exhibitions require tickets.

Sitting grandly on the banks of the Thames is Tate Modern, Britain's national museum of modern and contemporary art. Its unique shape is due to its previously being a power station. Inside you'll find temporary exhibitions by top artists from Damien Hirst to Gauguin. The gallery's restaurants offer fabulous views across the city. Entry is free.

The crowning glory of Trafalgar Square, London's National Gallery is a vast space, filled to the rafters with Western European paintings from the 13th to the 19th centuries. In this iconic art gallery you can find works by masters such as Van Gogh, da Vinci, Botticelli, Constable, Renoir, Titian and Stubbs. Entry is free.

VISITING PLACES - 2Natural History museum :

EDF Energy London Eye :

Science Museum :

next

As well as the permanent (and permanently fascinating!) dinosaur exhibition, the Natural History Museum boasts a collection of the biggest, tallest and rarest animals in the world. See a life-sized Blue Whale, a 40-million-year-old spider, and the beautiful Central Hall. Entry is free but special exhibitions require tickets.

The EDF Energy London Eye is a major feature of London's skyline. It is the world's highest observation wheel, with 32 capsules, each weighing 10 tonnes, and holding up to 25 people. Climb aboard for a breathtaking experience, with unforgettable views of more than 55 of London's most famous landmarks – all in just 30 minutes!

From the future of space travel to asking that difficult question, "Who am I?", the Science Museum makes your brain perform Olympic-standard mental gymnastics. See, touch and experience the major scientific advances of the last 300 years; don't forget the awesome Imax cinema. Entry is free but some exhibitions require tickets.

VISITING PLACES - 3Victoria and Albert Museum :

Big Ben :

Royal Museums Greenwich :

next

The V&A celebrates art and design with 3,000 years worth of amazing artefacts from around the world. A real treasure trove of goodies, you never know what you'll discover next: furniture, paintings, sculpture, metalwork, and textiles, the list goes on and on… Entry is free but special exhibitions require tickets. 

The Houses of Parliament and the clock tower, commonly called Big Ben, are among London's most iconic landmarks. You can take a tour of the Houses of Parliament. The clock tower is not open to the general public although UK residents can arrange a visit by writing to their MP. It is not possible for overseas visitors to tour the clock tower.

Visit the world's largest maritime museum, the historic Queen's House, and the Royal Observatory Greenwich: all now part of the Royal Museums Greenwich. Stand astride the Prime Meridian, touch a meteorite, and see the stars in the planetarium. Some are free to enter; some charges apply

VISITING PLACES - 4

Take a tour with one of the Yeoman Warders around the Tower of London, one of the world's most famous buildings. Discover its 900-year history as a royal palace, prison and place of execution, arsenal, jewel house and zoo! Gaze up at the White Tower, tiptoe through a medieval king's bedchamber and marvel at the Crown Jewels.

The Tower of London

London Tower Bridge

BACK

London Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames, connecting the City of London and Southwark, in central London. Situated between Cannon Street Railway Bridge and Tower Bridge, it forms the western end of the Pool of London. It was the only bridge over the Thames downstream from Kingston until Putney Bridge opened in 1729. The current bridge opened on 17 March 1973 and is the latest in a succession of bridges to occupy the spot and claim the name.[1]

SPORTSCricket –

London has two Test cricket grounds (a rare distinction in world cricket but perhaps not surprising due to London's size): Lord's and The Oval. Lord's, located in the leafy suburb of St John's Wood, is home of Middlesex CCC and The MCC. Lord's is also the spiritual home of cricket. The Twenty20 Cup, Minor Counties Cricket Championship and many other Championship finals are held at Lord's. The England and Wales Cricket Board's offices are at Lord's Cricket Ground in London.The Oval in Kennington, home of Surrey CCC, hosted the first FA Cup final and continued to do so (bar 1873) up until 1892. Cricket is very well organised and established within London and is the second most popular sport after football. Essex County Cricket Club has formerly used venues throughout London including Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, Romford and Billericay.

next

SPORTSOslympics & Paralympics London has hosted the Summer Olympics in 1908 at White City and 1948 at

Wembley Stadium. In July 2005 London was chosen to host the Games in 2012, making it the first city in the world to host the Summer Olympics three times. London will host the Paralympic Games in 2012, for the first time. The 2012 games will see massive development in the East End of London, particularly Stratford, which will be home to the Olympic Village, Olympic Stadium and many major venues. Other events are spread out across the city, from Wembley Stadium in the north-west to Wimbledon in the south.

Commonwealth Games The Commonwealth Games is an international, multi-sport event involving athletes

from the Commonwealth of Nations. The event was first held in 1930 and takes place every four years. It was initially known as the British Empire Games and was renamed to the British Empire and Commonwealth Games in 1954 and the British Commonwealth Games in 1970. A host city is selected for each edition and eighteen cities in seven countries have hosted the event.

 

next

SPORTSFootball

London has a special place in the history of football. The playing of football in London has been well documented since it was first outlawed in 1314. In the sixteenth century the headmaster of St Paul's School Richard Mulcaster is credited with taking mob football and transforming it into organized and refereed team football. The modern game of football was first codified in 1863 in London and subsequently spread worldwide. Key to the establishment of the modern game was Londoner Ebenezer Cobb Morley who was a founding member of The Football Association, the oldest football organization in the world. Morley wrote to Bell's Life newspaper proposing a governing body for football which led directly to the first meeting at the Freemasons' Tavern in central London of the FA.

next

Next

The new Wembley Stadium during construction

SPORTSRugby

Rugby union is also well established in London, especially in the middle-class suburbs to the north and west of the city. Four of the twelve clubs in the Aviva Premiership have London origins. In more recent years, a modern tradition has seen all four London clubs play out of Twickenham during the first round of the Premiership, in a double-header. Apart from the elite clubs, the London Scottish and London Welsh, both located in London, and Esher, located just outside Greater London in Hersham, compete in the RFU Championship. The English national side play their home matches there during the Six Nations Championship. The ground also hosted the 1991 Rugby World Cup final, where Australia defeated England. Twickenham hosts the final of the Anglo-Welsh Cup, and will host the Heineken Cup final for the fourth time in 2012. The stadium is also host to The Varsity Match. Amateur and grassroots rugby league has a strong presence in London. Greenwich Admirals (Woolwich), Elmbridge Rugby League Club (Esher) and South London Storm (Croydon) all play in the Rugby League Conference, the local top level of which is the Rugby League Conference South Premier. Many more clubs and second teams in London and the surrounding area play in the London League which serves as a feeder for the Rugby League Conference. The top level age group competition is the London Junior League.

back

Twickenham Stadium

HISTORY London, the capital of the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland), has a

recorded history that goes back over 2,000 years. During this time, it has grown to become one of the most significant financial and cultural capitals of the world. It has experienced plague, devastating fire,civil war, aerial bombardment and terrorist attacks. See City of London for details on the historic core of London. Londinium was established as a civilian town by theRomans about seven years after the invasion of AD 43. Early Roman London occupied a relatively small area, roughly equivalent to the size of Hyde Park. In around AD 60, it was destroyed by the Iceni led by their queenBoudica. However, the city was quickly rebuilt as a planned Roman town and recovered after perhaps 10 years, the city growing rapidly over the following decades. During the 2nd century Londinium was at its height and replaced Colchester as the capital of Roman Britain (Britannia). Its population was around 60,000 inhabitants. It boasted major public buildings, including the largest basilica north of the Alps, temples, bath houses, an amphitheatre and a large fort for the city garrison. Political instability and recession from the 3rd century onwards, however, led to a slow decline. At some time between 190 and 225 AD the Romans built the defensive London Wall around the landward side of the city. The wall was about 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) long, 6 metres (20 ft) high, and 2.5 metres (8 ft) thick.

In the late 3rd century, Londinium was raided on several occasions by Saxon pirates.[citation needed] This led, from around 255 onwards, to the construction of an additional riverside wall. The wall would survive for another 1,600 years and define London's perimeter for centuries to come. Six of the traditional seven city gates of London are of Roman origin, namely:Ludgate, Newgate, Aldersgate, Cripplegate, Bishopsgate and Aldgate (Moorgate is the exception, being of medieval origin).

By the 5th century the Roman Empire was in rapid decline, and in 410 AD the Roman occupation of Britain came to an end. Following this, the Roman city also went into rapid decline and by the end of the century was practically abandoned.

TOPONYMY

next

The etymology of London is uncertain.[32] It is an ancient name and can be found in sources from the 2nd century. It is recorded c. 121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin.[32] The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae.[32] This had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud.[3

HISTORYMiddle Ages

next

The etymology of London is uncertain.[32] It is an ancient name and can be found in sources from the 2nd century. It is recorded c. 121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin.[32] The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae.[32] This had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. During the Tudor period the Reformation produced a gradual shift to Protestantism, with much of London passing from church to private ownership.[51] Mercantilism grew and monopoly trading companies such as the East India Company were established, with trade expanding to the New World. London became the principal North Sea port, with migrants arriving from England and abroad. The population rose from an estimated 50,000 in 1530 to about 225,000 in 1605.[51]

In the 16th century William Shakespeare and his contemporaries lived in London at a time of hostility to the development of the theatre. By the end of the Tudor period in 1603, London was still very compact. There was an assassination attempt on James I in Westminster, through theGunpowder Plot on 5 November 1605.[52] London was plagued by disease in the early 17th/ref century,[53] culminating in the Great Plague of 1665–1666, which killed up to 100,000 people, or a fifth of the population.[With the collapse of Roman rule in the early 5th century, London was effectively abandoned. However, from the 6th century an Anglo-Saxon settlement known as Lundenwic developed slightly to the west of the old Roman city, around what is now Covent Garden and the Strand, rising to a likely population of 10–12,000.[37] In the 9th century London was repeatedly attacked by Vikings, leading to a relocation of the city back to the location of Roman Londinium, in order to use its walls for protection.[38] Following the unification of England in the 10th century London, already the country's largest city and most important trading centre, became increasingly important as a political centre, although it still faced competition fromWinchester, the traditional centre of the kingdom of Wessex.In the 11th century King Edward the Confessor re-founded and rebuilt Westminster Abbey andWestminster, a short distance upstream from London became a favoured royal residence. From this point onward Westminster steadily supplanted the City of London itself as a venue for the business of national government.[43]

HISTORYCurrency and Coinage Pounds, shillings and pence were the basic currency of Britain throughout the period covered by

the Proceedings, having a consistent relationship of 12 pence to the shilling and 20 shillings to the pound. Values are generally expressed as £.s.d., or else l.s.d., as in £12 10s. 6d. or twelve pounds, ten shillings and sixpence. The pound sign stands for Libra, a pound weight in Latin, the s. is an abbreviation for shilling in English, and the d. stands for denarius or denarii (a Roman coin). You will also find references to guineas, with a value of 21 shillings (this value could change depending on the quality of the coinage in use), marks (13 shillings, 4 pence), nobles (6 shillings, 8 pence), crowns (5 shillings), half crowns (2 shillings, 6 pence); and coins worth 6 pence, 3 pence, 2 pence, halfpence and farthings (one quarter of a penny). Five, two, one and half guinea coins were made of gold and were introduced after the recoinage of 1696; crowns, half crowns, six pence, and three pence coins were all silver; as were all pennies and two pence pieces until the introduction of machine milled one and two pence copper coins in 1797. The last silver English penny was minted in 1820. Farthings and halfpence were made from copper. During the eighteenth century a range of foreign currency was also in circulation, including pieces of eight, ducats and dollars. The general lack of coins encouraged the use of trade tokens, which reached their greatest circulation in the last decades of the eighteenth century, before the Bank of England began to commission the production of a larger quantity of particularly small denomination copper coins. The Bank also introduced £10 and £15 notes from 1759, and notes of higher and lower denominations later in the century.

nextnext

SPECIAL THANKS TO -

1. London – map [www.google .com ]2. London – visiting places [www.visitlondon.com ]

3. London – sports [en.wikipedia.org]4. Olympics & Paralympics [en.wikipedia.org]5. Commonwealth Games [en.wikipedia.org]6. History of London [en.wikipedia.org]

next

THE END

Made by : Parikirt Jha New Era Senior Secondary School VI A / 6 A ; Roll Number – 25 Aseem Godbole New Era Senior Secondary School VI A / 6A ; Roll Number - 06