General Body Meeting 02-22-12 1. Mutual Investment Club of Cornell Welcome 2.
Welcome to CrawFly1.1 June2013Ron Hoy - Cornell University · 2013. 7. 22. ·...
Transcript of Welcome to CrawFly1.1 June2013Ron Hoy - Cornell University · 2013. 7. 22. ·...
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Welcome to CrawFly
Ron Hoy Friday 6-‐21
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Why Teach w/ Invert Preps • Most accessible Model System for Human Neurophysiology—dissecHon skills
• No animal use issues—no protocols • No Animal care—Your prep is click away—your local pet store or Carolina Biological
• All spikes look alike in the dark – Same neurotransmiMers—synapsis, gap Js – Same circuitry rules (+, -‐, modul) and architecture – One dissecHon goes a long way: 5 labs or more – Tip of the iceburg: crayfish, flies, crickets
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Crawgrads
Bruce Johnson—MBL, 1982-‐83 Bob Wy9enbach—CU 1986
First NSF Crawdad Workshop—1996-‐98 Shoals Marine Lab 1990s—Bruce & Bob PKAL—B & B FUN—B&B
ADI-‐Cornell Crawdad
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Crawdad’s Early Footprints
• Woods Hole: Neural Systems & Behavior • Cornell-‐ – Bruce: InternaHonal workshops -‐B&B: the Pkal 1996-‐1998 NSF Crawdad Workshope
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Me N’ Crawdaddy
• Stanford 1965-‐1970
-‐Don Kennedy, Prof., Chairman, Provost, President -‐Don & K. Takeda “invented” the crayfish flexor prep as a model motor system -‐-‐-‐-‐as Don’s grad student, I “invented” the isolated tail prep
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1960-‐1980: Invertebrate Model Systems
• Learning & memory—Aplysia (Kandel et al.) • Sensory Systems—Bees, flies, crickets, moths • Motor Systems & Central PaMern Generators – crayfish, snails, locusts, more crickets, leeches,
• Cellular, molecular studies but especially for neural network studies of behavior – “simpler neural systems—numerically sparse< “20” – Big neurons, easy to see and poke w/electrodes & availability of vivid fluorescent intracell. Dyes
– Concept of the “IdenHfied Neuron.”
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Age of the IdenHfied Neuron
• Invertebrate Neural Systems = Small Systems • Small networks, hierarchical networks • Whole Brain Mapping: – C. elegans – Benzer’s GeneHc dissecHon
• Ph • ph
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Contemporary Neuroscience • Rise of cogniHve neuroscience in mid-‐1980s—mammalian brains back in fashion
• Development of cell & protein-‐specific probes—anHbodies, then RNAs, etc.; transfecHon
• Rise of computaHonal/systems biology • But above all, “does the system have geneHcs?” became the NIH’s passkey. – The age of optogeneHcs, brainbow, Clarity
• What about the model systems…? • Where have all the neuroPHYSIOLOGISTS gone?
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As undergrad teaching preps, they are beMer than ever!
• Inverts don’t have animal rights issues • Inverts don’t raise suspicions of IACUC • You don’t have to maintain expensive mouse colonies
• Many preps can be purchased from suppliers. • The didacHc value of invert preps is gives big bang for the buck
• Especially for systems level neuroscience • All spikes look alike in the dark!
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Universality of Startle Behavior aka Escape Response
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Tail-‐flip Circuitry model
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Crayfish Neural Systems as Teaching Preps
• Motor Systems: principle of motor antagonism & reciprocity; CPGs; reflexes; spontaneous acHvity; neuropharmacological modulaHon; synapHc properHes including plasHcity (STP, LTP); spaHal and temporal summaHon; hierarchical command structure for behavior with analysis at the level of idenHfied neurons wired in sparse networks; can generate lots of streaming data for computer types; both acute & chronic preps available—for array electrode recording, e.g., etc. etc.
• Sensory Systems: somatosensory, vision, & chemosensory preps are available.
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Crayfish Tail Prep—motor system
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Structure and FuncHon Methylene blue vital stain
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Know your anatomy
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PTP in the crayfish claw…
Spontaneous acHvity in a postural muscle
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The Cricket Cercal-‐Giant Axon System
A sensory system for student labs: -‐-‐a model for auditory funcHon -‐-‐a model for somatosensory syst. -‐-‐dirt cheap, buy at any pet shop