Welcome to class of Principles of Biochemistry Dr. Meera Kaur
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Welcome to class of
Principles of Biochemistry
Dr. Meera Kaur
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What is Biochemistry?
• A scientific discipline• Explains life at the molecular level• Explains biological forms and
functions in chemical terms• Forms basis for studying other fields like cell biology, genetics, medicine, nutrition, immunology etc.• Closely relates to other discipline like chemistry, physics, mathematics
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Levels of organization in a living organism.
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What is biomolecule?
• What are living organism made of ?
• How are they made ?
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Biomolecules
• Living matters are made out of biomolecules• Biomolecules are made of lighter elements • They are mostly combined with covalent bonding • Biomolecules are compounds of carbon• Biomolecules have functional groups• Most biomolecules are asymmetric
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Elements found in biological molecules
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What are the major biomolecules?
• Carbohydrates• Protein• Lipids• Nucleic acds
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Form of life
• Prokaryotes (bacteria, archae)• Unicellular• No nucleus• Lack internal membrane
systems• Incapable of carring complex
reactions
• Eukaryotes (animal, fungi)• Multicellular/ unicellular• Contain nucleus• Have membrane-bounded
cellular units• Capable to perform cpmplex
biological reactions (photosyntesis, aerobic metabolism etc.)
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Representations of alanine
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Representations of alanine
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Structure of human endothelin
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Illustration of entropy
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How does evolution work?
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Laboratory synthesis of biological molecules
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Cyanobacteria
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Prokaryotic cells
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A eukaryotic cell
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Evolutionary tree based on nucleotide sequences
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Possible origin of eukaryotic cells