Welcome to 3 · Antoine Lavoisier and Marie-Anne-Pierrette Paulze by Jean-Louis David 1788
Transcript of Welcome to 3 · Antoine Lavoisier and Marie-Anne-Pierrette Paulze by Jean-Louis David 1788
Welcome to 3.091Lecture 26
November 13, 2009
Acids and Bases
Antoine Lavoisier andMarie-Anne-Pierrette Paulze
by Jean-Louis David1788
8 x 10-7
8 x 10-7
6 x 10-7
6 x 10-7
4 x 10-7
4 x 10-7
2 x 10-7
2 x 10-7
1 x 10-7
1 x 10-7
[OH
_ ] (m
ol\L
)
[H3O+] (mol/L)
Basic solution ([OH_] > [H3O+])
Acidic solution ([H3O+] > [OH_])
Neutral solution [H3O+] = [OH_]
Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
20 4 6 8 10 12 14
pH(_log[H3O+])
pOH
(_lo
g[O
H_ ])
Acidic (pH<7, pOH>7)
(pH=pOH=7)
Basic (pH>7, pOH<7)
Neutral
Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
Figure 4.15
Averill, B., and P. Eldredge. Chemistry: Principles, Patterns, andApplications. Flat World Knowledge, 2011. ISBN: 9781453331224.
Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
7.1 x 10-37.2 x 10-47.5 x 10-41.8 x 10-51.0 x 10-74.5 x 10-77.3 x 10-101.8 x 10-16
H3PO4
HFCitric acidCH3CO2HH2SH2CO3
H3BO3
3 x 1091 x 1091 x 1081 x 1061 x 10355289.6
HIHBrHCIO4
HCIH2SO4
H3O+HNO3
H2CrO4
Weak Acids
Strong Acids
Common acids and their acid dissociation equilibrium constants for the loss of one proton
Acid Dissociation Equilibrium Constant Ka
H2O
Image by MIT OpenCourseWare. After Spencer, Bodner, and Rickard,Chemistry: Structure and Dynamics (Wiley, 2003).
HF HCl HBr HI< < <567 431 366 299
ACID STRENGTH
H-A BOND STRENGTH (kJ/mol)
Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
Figure 4.17
Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.
(gas)
(solid)
Public domain image, from National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP).
Image removed due to copyright restrictions. Promotional poster for Djerassi, C., and R. Hoffman. Oxygen: A Play in 2 Acts. Wiley-VCH, 2001. ISBN: 9783527304134.
MIT OpenCourseWarehttp://ocw.mit.edu
3.091SC Introduction to Solid State ChemistryFall 2009
For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.