Welcome to 14:332:476 Virtual Reality Spring 2008
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Transcript of Welcome to 14:332:476 Virtual Reality Spring 2008
Welcome to14:332:476 Virtual Reality
Spring 2008
Grigore C. Burdea Ph.D.Director, Human–Machine Interface Laboratory,
CAIP Center, Rutgers University. http://www.caip.rutgers.edu/vrlab/
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
Class web site:
www.caip.rutgers.edu/vrlab/vrclass
Textbook site:
www.vrtechnology.org
Grading Criteria (476):
Quizzes 10%,
Midterm 45%
Final 45%
Laboratory assignments graded separately
(for 478)
Textbook: Burdea and Coiffet, Virtual Reality Technology, 2nd Edition, Wiley, 2003
Textbook web site: www.vrtechnology.org
Textbook web site: www.vrtechnology.org
Laboratory Hardware
IntroductionIntroduction
What is Virtual Reality?
It is not augmented reality….
Introduction
What is Virtual Reality?
“A high-end user-computer interface that involves real-time simulation and interaction through multiple sensorial channels.” (vision, sound, touch, smell, taste)”
Introduction
Introduction
Sensorama Simulator, US Patent #3,050,870, 1962
Introduction
VR Short History
1963+ Ivan Sutherland's doctoral theses: SKETCHPAD: stereo HMD, position tracking, and a graphics engine. 1966+ Tom Furness: display systems for pilots; 1967+ Brooks developed force feedback GROPE system;
Ivan Sutherland’s HMD (1966+)
Introduction
Brooks’s Grope Project (1977)
Introduction
VR Short History
1977 Sandin and Sayre invent a bend-sensing glove
1979 Raab et al: Polhemus tracking system
1989 Jaron Lanier (VPL) coins the term virtual reality
1994 VR Society formed
The first complete system was developed by NASA “Virtual Visual Environmental Display” (VIVED early 80s; they prototyped the LCD HMD;
Became “Virtual Interface Environment Workstation” (VIEW) 1989
Introduction
NASA … a pioneer in VR
NASA VIEW system (1989)
Introduction
NASA VIEW system (1992)
Introduction
Large simulation and training needs;
Could not send humans to other planets;
Relatively small budgets.
Introduction
Why NASA?
Towards Commercialization…
The first commercial VR systems appeared in the late 80s produced by VPL Co. (California):
The VPL “Data Glove” and
The VPL “Eye Phone” HMD
Introduction
The VPL DataGlove (1987) cost $8,500
Introduction
The Matel PowerGlove (1989)
Introduction
The first commercial VR glove for entertainment –
Mattel Power Glove $50 (1989)
The Flight Helmet (ca. 1990) weighs 5 lbs
Early HMDs were massive
…and had poor resolution
Virtual Reality in the early 90s….
Emergence of first commercial Toolkits:
WorldToolKit (Sense8 Co.);
VCToolkit (Division Ltd., UK);
Virtual Reality Toolkit VRT3 (Dimension Ltd./Superscape, UK);
Cyberspace Developer Kit (Autodesk)
Introduction
Introduction
Superscape VRT3 Development System
Virtual Reality in the early 90s….
Emergence of first non-commercial toolkits:
Rend386;
Later Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML 1.0);
Later still Java and Java 3D;
Introduction
Introduction
Scene created with Rend386Successor is AVRIL ("A Virtual Reality Interface Library“) C library for creating Created at U. Waterloo, Canadaece.uwaterloo.ca/~broehl/avril.html
Virtual Reality in the early 90s….
PC boards still very slow (7,000 – 35,000 polygons/sec);
First turnkey VR system – Provision 100 (Division Ltd.)
Emergence of faster graphics rendering architectures at UNC Chapel Hill:
“Pixel Planes”;
Later “Pixel Flow”;
Introduction
Introduction
Stride PC graphics accelerator
35,000 polygons/sec;
$26,000 (with two co-processors)/card
Require up to 6 PC slots for stereo version
Introduction
Provision 100 VR turnkey system (Division Ltd., UK)
35,000 polygons/sec;
$64,000 (including texture generator, tracker, 3-D audio, HMD and software)
IntroductionProvision 100 VR turnkey system (Division Ltd., UK)
Introduction
Pixel Planes 5 VR system (UNC)
~ 1 Million triangles/sec;
Rendering speed comparison SGI vs. PCsxBox 360500 Million poly/sec
2005
Laboratory VR Station prices (2002)PRODUCT Price/user % of Budget
PC 1.7 GHz
FireGL 2 accelerator
2,347 48
Polhemus 3D tracker
4 receivers
1,823 37
5DT sensing glove
five-sensor version
482 10
Stereo Glasses wired 179 3
Force feedback Joystick 88 2
Java and Java3D - -
VRML - -
Total 4,919 100
VR Market growth
The key elements of a VR System