Welcome on behalf of

Helen D. CabanillaAnn Marie Eugenio

John Angelo V.De leonFr. George Rozario,csc

2 y’s u r2 y’s u bI c u r

2 y’s 4 me.

2 y’s u r2 y’s u bI c u r

2 y’s 4 me.

Too wise you are Too wise you beI see you are

Too wise for me.

Teachers, you are tender enthusiastic active caring hardworking endurable responsible sincere

Good, better, best

Never let it rests

Until your good is better

And the better best.

A journey of 1000 miles begins with a single step.

Presentation On

Development of Morphology and Syntax in Pre-School years

There are three men on a train. One of them is an economist and one of them is logician and one of them is a mathematician … They have just crossed the border into Scotland ….and they see a brown cow standing in the field … 1. The economist says, ‘Look, the cows in Scotland are brown.’ 2. And the logician says, ‘No. There are cows in Scotland of which one at least is brown.’ 3. And the mathematician says, No. There is at least one cow in Scotland, of which one side appears to be brown.’ (Haddon 2003:142)

Introduction: Morphology and Syntax are inter-related. We are going to have a presentation on these two themes in regards of preschoolers. How do they acquire these complex morpho-syntactic paradigm of skills in their cognitive domains? We are hopeful that you will find our presentation useful and interesting and at the same time enjoyable.

What is Morphology? Etymology: The word ‘morpheme’ derived

from the Greek word morphe which means ‘form, shape;

What is morpheme? It is the smallest meaningful part into which

a word can be divided.

Morphology is a study of word structures It is a study of morphemes of a language

and of how they are combined to a word (Oxford Dictionary).

Morphemes are not merely the smallest units of grammatical structure but also the smallest meaningful units. The area of grammar concerned with the structure of words and with relationships between words involving the morphemes that compose them is technically called morphology, (Andrew Carstairs-Mccarthy 2009)

Morphology

Study of morphemes Study of word structure

Morphe (GK)

Form Shape smallest unit meaningful

For example: ‘Runs’ contains two morphemes – ‘run’ and ‘s’.

‘Unlikely’ contains three morphemes – ‘un-like-ly’ (un=prefix, like=root and ly=suffix)

How many morphemes are there in this word?

‘antidisestablishmentarianism’

Anti-dis-establish-ment-ari-an-ism= 7

Lexical Grammatical

Free Bound Free Bound

Inflectional Derivational

Basic types of morphemes

Morphemes

Lexical morphemes: example: Free : boy, run, green, quick, paper, large Bound: -cept > concept, intercept, except (..cept comes from a Latin verb meaning ‘to

take’.) A lexical morpheme has a meaning that can

be understood fully in and of itself. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are typical kinds of lexical morphemes.

Grammatical morphemes: Examples: Free : and, but, in, at Bound: ness, less, ly, They can be understood completely only

when they occur with other words in a sentence. Typical kinds of grammatical morphemes include prepositions, conjunctions, articles, and all prefixes and suffixes.

Inflectional morphemes: 1. Dog + s = dogs plural 2.Walk+s = He walks to UST every day. 3. Walked = They walked to UST yesterday. Here dogs and walks and walked are inflected. So

they are called inflectional morphemes. They do not change their parts of speech.

The morphemes add grammatical information required by their context are called inflectional morphemes. When s is added to dog to form dogs, it indicates the number of animals, adding plural morpheme does not change the grammatical class (the part of speech). Similarly, suffixing the past tense morpheme to the verb walk gives other verbs, walks, walked.

Derivational morphemes: 1.Walk-er 2.Un-walk-able The affixes er un, able change the word

‘walk’ into new words. Hence new words are derived, they are called derivational morphemes. The derived word may change word category. While walk is a verb, walker is a noun and unwalkable is an adjective.

Null morphemes: Sheep sheep, deer deer, fish fish There are few words there is no audible

distinction between singular and plural. The pronunciation is identical for both forms. They are labeled as a null/zero morphemes.

Compounds: Teapot, boyfriend, hotdog These words all contain two lexical roots

side by side and are called compounds. Cranberry morphemes: cranberry, blackberry, strawberry

Circumbfixes: nacolar = former wife A circumfix is an affix with two parts that

adds an element to both the beginning and the end of the root. It hugs the stem.

Infixes: Infixes are opposite of circumfixes. Infixes are inserted into the middle of a root.

The area of morphology is one in which languages tend to display a considerable amount of irregularity, especially if one does not pry( look, inquire) beneath the surface. Why, for instance, should the plural of child be children, and not expected childs,? Why women and sheep instead of womans and sheeps? Why should the tense of eat be the irregular ate and not the regular eated? There would seem to be no principled reason for our using went instead of goed. (Ronald W. Langacker -1968).

Syntax: Etymology : from Gk ‘syntassein’= to arrange together It is rules for sentence-building (oxford

Dictionary) It is the study of sentence patterns It shows how words are combined to form

sentences How words are put together to build

phrases, with how phrases are put together to build clauses or bigger clauses and with how clauses are put together to build sentences

Every human language has devices by which its speakers can construct phrases, clauses and

sentences

All languages show concatenation which always obeys syntactic principles. (Lenneberg- 1967)

Concatenation means linking together; series of things or events linked together.

The concatenation system by which man represents language is as historically static as is man’s

bipedal gait.

Correct version of syntactic structure in various languages :-Background: J.F. Kennedy airport, N.Y, at baggage carousel, belt failed to disgorge their luggage.

1.English : Where are my two suitcases? 2.Philippino : Where are my two suitcases? (Saan iyon dalawang bakaha ko?) 3.Bangladeshi : my suitcase two where? (amar suitcase duti kuthai?) 4.Chinese : My two suitcase at where? (Wo de liang ge xingi zai na

li?) 5.Spaniard : (Where are my two suitcases? (?Dode me dos boslos?) Dog bites man or man bites dog.

Pre-school There are 3 stages of pre-school :

1. Nursery, 2. kinder and 3. Preparatory

How do they progress their morphological and syntactic knowledge in their cognition? How do they acquire L2 in the pre-school classroom environment? What kind of books do they use? What are the curriculums? How many words do they learn in pre-school and what are the approaches?

Thank you Dr. Melchor A. Tatlonghari, Ph.D., Dear classmates for listening to our presentation

patiently. We, educators should always remember that

teaching, when made enjoyable is a thousand times more effective, a thousand times more efficient, and a thousand times more lasting for the children. Each child may have different way of learning, but they all learn BEST when they are having FUN.

Thanks a million again for listening our presentation. Enjoy your study at UST. Fr. George, Halen, Ann Marie, Angelo

Conclusion

Bibliography: 1.Murray, Thomas E., 1995. The Structure of English.

Allyn and Bacon, Massachusetts. 1.Miler, J. 2002. An Introduction to English Syntax.

Edinburgh University Press Ltd, Edinburgh. 2.Carstairs-McCarthy, Andrew. 2002. An Introduction to

English Morphology. Edinburgh University Press Ltd, Edinburgh.

3.Harley, Heidi. 2006. English Words, A Linguistic Introduction. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA, USA.

4.Radford, Andrew. 2004. English Syntax, An introduction. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.