WELCOME 1999 Workshops
Transcript of WELCOME 1999 Workshops
Troubleshooting
Special Problems:
Applying the Scientific Process
ODORS
Inside
Venting
Outside
Seals
Filters
Tank Start-up [New Systems]
Toxic tank
Cleaning Chemicals
Construction Chemicals
Other Outcomes
First time on septic- Education on use
Understanding the need for maintenance
Toxic Waste
Corrosion in the Tank
Hydrogen Sulfide
Lack of Venting
Maintenance
Corroded Tanks
What causes corrosion
When does the tank get replaced
Water Softener
Salt- Concrete
Scum- Separation
Additional water
Freezing
Drip
Use
Venting
Drainage
Traffic
Parking
RV
Snowmobiles
Extra traffic
Pets
Extra Water
USE
EXTRAS
OTHER SOURCES
Extras
Garbage disposal
Higher organic loading
Higher hydraulic loading
Slower to breakdown
Slower to settle
Jacuzzi or the like
Additions onto the houseor other add-ons
Mixing in the Tank
Solutions
Capacity
Eff. Screen
Loading
Timer control
Problems
Peak use
Energy inputs
Pumping to tank
Elevation
difference
Upstairs use
Temperature
Other water sources “Clean”
Drains
Sump pumps
Roof leaders
Additional water
Drainage
Surface
In the house
Lawn
watering
Blockage
Family cat
Building sewer
Settling
Septic tank
Distribution box, drop box
Frozen pipes
Animals getting into the system
Roots
Symptom of problem
Replace leaky component
Soil treatment area?
High Strength
What is IT? BOD5
Biochemical oxygen demand
5 days
> 175 mg/L
Organic
Amount of oxygen
used by bacteria
CBOD is different
TSS
Total suspended solids
> 60 mg/L
Inorganic
Paper- Dirt
FOG
Fats, oil and grease > 20 mg/L
Fats Animal
Solid
Oils Veg.
Liquid
Grease Tougher
Restaurant Waste Strength - MN 20 restaurants
Sample 4 times
BOD
TSS
FOG
Restaurant Result
FOG
mg/L
TSS
mg/L
BOD5
mg/L
# of
Restaurants
Type of
Restaurant
1321848743Bar
20014210104Golf Club
21921311305Service
28220212868Fast Food
How do you figure it out?
Use
Maintenance
Testing
Sampling
Average-
Mixed location
18 hours of peak
Worst case
BOD/TSS
Plastic
FOG
Glass
How does it impact the
system?BOD
Typical amount
Biomat development
Recoverable
Fix
Use
Maintenance
PretreatmentClogged Media Filter
TSS
Typical amount
Physical plugging
Fixable?
Avoid
Effluent Screen
Maintenance
FOG
Typical amount
What happens?
Use
Degreasers
Temperature
Pretreatment
Questions?
Alternative Onsite Wastewater
Treatment Systems
What are the choices?
Conventional Septic System
Septic
Tank
House Tank Soil Treatment
Why use alternative systems?
New idea
Sizing
Additional treatment
Separation
Soil Problems
Natural
Clay
Caliche
Fill
Keys
Records
Proper application
Management
Increased cost
Increased maintenance
Conventional systems have proven themselves
Concerns What are the choices? Aerobic treatment units
Media Filter Sand
Peat
Etc
Re-circulating Filters
Textile Filters
Constructed Wetland
Drip Distribution
Separation technologies
Others
Aerobic Tank
Alternative System
SepticAdvanced
Treatment
HouseAdvanced
Treatment
Septic
TankSTA
Aerobic Treatment Unit ~ ‘ATU’
Purdue University
Aerobic Treatment Unit
How does it work? DO, microorganisms and food must be in contact
The effluent is aerated via one of several means.
Aerobic organisms digest food
Generates high quality effluents with variety of oxidized end products - little odor, stable effluent not requiring further breakdown
10 - 20 times faster than anaerobic
Aerobic Treatment Unit
Aerobic Treatment Unit
Suspended growth
Aerobic Treatment Unit
Sequencing batch reactors or Periodic
processes
USEPA Manual, 2002USEPA Manual, 1980
Intermittent inflow Continuous inflow
Aerobic Treatment Unit Attached growth
Packed bed media
Attached growth media
Aerobic Treatment Unit
Rotating biological contactor
RBC
Media Filters Media Filter What is it?
A container or
lined excavation
containing a
specific media
through which
wastewater flows
Single pass
Re-circulating
Unsaturated flow
An aerobic, fixed-
film bioreactor
Media Choices
Washed, graded sand
Gravel
Bottom ash from coal-fired plants
Peat
Synthetic textile materials
Foam chips and cubes
Crushed glass
Wetlands
Other
Media Filter Single-pass option
Media Filter Peat
NSFC
Media Filter
Other
Nibbler
Flow Path in RMF Media Filter
Foam cubes
Textile Filter Sheet Media Filter
Expected treatment efficiencies
Single-pass
BOD5 - <10mg/l
TSS - <10mg/l
Fecal coliform - 99 - 99.99% reduction
Multiple-pass
BOD5 - <10mg/l
TSS - <10 mg/l
Fecal coliform - 99 – 99.9 % reduction
Advanced Treatment Options
Constructed wetlands – subsurface flow
Constructed Wetland
Effluent flows horizontally past roots of plants
Aquatic plants filter nutrients and pathogens
Anaerobic and aerobic organisms help
NSFC
Advanced Treatment Options
Disinfection
Disinfection What is it?
A process of destroying pathogens in the wastewater stream by killing them or preventing their replication
Disinfection can be accomplished by : Chemical agents
Physical agents
Irradiation
For small flows chlorination and ultraviolet light are usually used
Disinfection
Chlorination
Most widely
used
disinfectant
For individual
systems,
calcium
hypochlorite is
usually used.
Disinfection Ultraviolet radiation
Currently, for small wastewater flows most
UV units have bulb vertically oriented.
Separation Technology
i.e. “separate” kinds of wastewater
Dual systems:
Toilet - composting, incinerating, low-flow
to holding tank (black water)
All other water:
Downsized typical tank/soil treatment
Downsized tank/pre-treatment/soil treatment
Reuse
Composting Toilet
Recycling System
Drip Dispersal
Adding water to a large area
Adding water slowly
Adding water shallowly
Drip System Key Points
Questions?