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WELCOME
TELECOM GENERAL PART-1 VER 1.0 1
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N. V. Gopala RaoICT-1TTC Lab
TELECOM GENERAL PART-1 VER 1.0 2
TB 1
TELECOM GENERAL
(Part-1)
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PREAMBLE of INDIAN RAILWAY
This Charter is a commitment of the Indian Railway
Administration to:
1. Provide safe and dependable train services
2. Set notified standards for various services wherever
possible
3. Provide courteous and efficient counter services
4. Ensure adequate passenger amenities in train and at
railway stations
5. Set up a responsive and effective grievance redressal
machinery, at various levels for time bound resolution
of complaints and grievances as far as possible.
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IR Organization Structure • MR
• MoSR
• Members of Railway Board
• CRB
• Member - Traction, Staff, Engineering, Rolling stock,
Traffic, S&T, Materials Management and Financial
Commissioner
Director General - Personal, RHS,RPF
Secretary- Estbl. Matters & Admin Matters.
Zonal Railways – GM
Production / Other Units – GM/ CAO
PSUs/ Corp.- CMDTELECOM GENERAL PART-1 VER 1.0 4
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• Railway Board• Zonal Railways : 17• Production Units : 10• R&D : RDSO/Lucknow• Corporate/PS : 10• CTIs : 7
NAIR, VadodaraIRICEN, PuneIREEN, NasikIRIMEE, JamalpurIRISET, SecunderabadIRITM, LucknowIRIFM, Secunderabad
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IRISET: INDIAN RAILWAYS INSTITUTE of
SIGNAL ENGINEERING AND TELECOMMUNICATION
OBJECTIVES
1. Quality improvement through training.
2. Practical Approach of Learning.
3. Signalling and Telecommunication Safety.
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S & T Department
• The role of the Signalling and Telecommunication
Department of the Indian Railways is to provide a modern,
efficient and reliable signalling system for speedy, smooth
and safe running of trains, as well as an effective and reliable
mode of telecommunications.
• This can be achieved by implementing uniform policy, new
technology, asset upgradation and renewal, maintenance,
inspection and human resource development
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• Maintenance and inspection are to be the
cornerstones for ensuring efficient functioning of
equipment.
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Courses for JE/SSE (Telecom)
1. Initial Course for App SSE (Telecom) : ITSE
2. Initial Course for App.JE (Telecom) : ITJE
3. Initial Course for Promoted JE/Telecom
(Intermediate) : ITPE
4. Refresher Course for SSE/JE (Telecom) : RTSJE
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Telecommunication in IR- New Trends
• To give improved telecommunication systems on
Railways, Optical Fibre based communication systems
has been adopted and laying OFC has increased to 7,700
route kilometer this year 2020.
• Rail Tel Corporation has been created to make a
nationwide broadband multimedia network by laying
optical fibre cable along the railway tracks. This system
will provide better operational and passenger amenities
and additional revenue to Railways.
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Knowledge Required
• To perform installation, testing and commissioning finally
maintenance of various types of telecommunication
equipments competently.
• General knowledge of equipments in common use in
Central Office and remote sites, including installation,
testing and commissioning.
• Able to interpret Telecommunication Blue Prints,
Schematics and Specs and able to install equipments
according to specification.
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• Knowledge of ancillary equipment used in telecom
installations, including but not limited to cables,
connectors, steel work and other consumables that
are used on a daily basis.
• Flexible and adaptable. Demonstrate the capability
to be able to multi-task and accommodate a variety
of assignments at various locations on a day-to-day
basis.
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• Computer skills including Microsoft Word, Excel, Power
point .
• Human Resource management.
• Material Management.
• Able to handle emergency situation.
• Data of complete section / assignment/ project.IRIS
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Telecommunication in Indian Railways is divided into 3
major groups:
a) Operational Communication
b) Administrative Communication
c) Passenger Amenities
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Telecom System in Indian Railways
1. Train Traffic Safety Circuits (in 6 quad cable)
2. Train Traffic Safety Communication (VHF, MTRC, TCAS)
3. Train Traffic Communication
(CTO, TPC, RC, TLC, ENGG, Hot Line, Auto TP in OFC)
4. Data Circuits (UTS, PRS, FOIS, RAILNET, DATA LOGGERS)
5. Switching (C-DOT, ISDN, VoIP)
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6. Passenger Amenities: (PA, TIBs, CIBS, POET, DTES-Touch
Screens, FRBS, BSNL phones)
7. Passenger Safety System: (Surveillance System & ISS)
8. Accident site Communication: (ART, ARMV, V-SAT, 6Q-
OFC, VHF, CUG)
9. Alternate Communication for Train Traffic Control:
(BSNL Phones, BSNL Leased lines, CUG )
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Organization in Zonal Railway
• GM
• AGM
• PCSTE
• CSE, CCE, CSTE/Proj, CSTE/P&P, CSTE/C
• Dy.CSTE / T/ HQ
• SSTE / Tele
• SSE/Tele
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Hierarchy of S & T Officialsin a Railway Zone
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Organization in Divisional Railway
• DRM
• ADRM
• Sr. DSTE/Co-ord.
• Sr. DSTE/Sig, Sr. DSTE/Telecom
• DSTE/SW
• ADSTE
• SSE/Sig, SSE/Tele
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Hierarchy of S&T Officials in
Railway Division
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Organization in Field Unit (Sub division)
• DSTE / ADSTE
• SSE/ Sig, SSE/Telecom (Section in charge)
• SSE/JE Telecom (Sub Section in charge)
• Sr. Technician
• Technician Gr-1, 2, 3
• Helper
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Duties of Telecom technicians
(a) Efficient maintenance of all Telecom equipment under
his/her charge.
(b) To attend failures promptly and to rectify the defects
expeditiously.
(c) To ascertain the causes of failures and to take suitable
action to prevent their recurrence.
(d) To carry out new works or alterations to existing works
under the instructions of the Senior Section
Engineer/Junior Engineer (SSE/JE) (Telecom)
(e) To bring to the notice of the SSE/JE (Telecom) any
emergency that may be beyond his/her competence or
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Duties of SSE/JE (Telecom)
(a) Inspection and efficient maintenance of all Telecom
equipments.
(b) Execution of works in connection with additions and
alterations to existing installations and new
installations as per the guidelines issued by
administration.
(c) Carrying out works in an emergency on their own
initiative and responsibility.
(d) SSE (T) has also to maintain Stores, Establishment
matters of staff wherever required.
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Knowledge of Rules and Competency in Technical Work
• Sectional SSE/JE (T) must be fully conversant with the
rules and regulations, instructions, procedures and
practices of installations.
• Should be fully conversant with operation and
maintenance of all installations under his/her charge.
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JE /SSE/Tele should be competent to carry out the
following under open line working conditions:
(a) Additions and alterations to the existing installations
and circuits
(b) New installations
(c) Testing and carrying out alterations to the existing
system
(d) Installation, adjustment and testing of all Telecom
Equipment.
Knowledge of Rules and Competency in Technical Work
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Indian Railway Telecommunication Manual
• Issued by Railway Board
• The latest edition was brought out in Oct.,2007.
• It consists of 29 Chapters and covering entire
telecom of IR.
• The current TM is available in IR website in both
Hindi and English versions.
• Technological changes and advancements in IR
Telecom system – guidelines are under updation in
RB for upcoming new edition.
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Important organisations in Telecom
1. ITU-T, R & D
2. TEC
3. RDSO
4. PTCC
5. WPC
6. SACFA
7. Telecom Directorate of IR
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• The Telecom Directorate of Ministry of Railways,
Government of India, oversees the complete
working of Telecom in Indian Railways.
• It takes care of all the telecommunication
requirement of Indian Railways.
Organization
• DG/S&T
• Addl. Member (Telecom)
• Executive Director (Tele. Dev.)
• Director (Telecom)
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Telecom Policy
• All the Telecom policies decisions are taken in the
Railway Board.
• The information about various Telecom policy decision
taken in the Railway Board will be made available in
Telecom Directorate and circulated to all zonal Railways
and various Railway organisations for implementation.
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Sample Policy Letters (Issued in 2013)
• Telecom Circular No. 10/2013 - Report on most suitable
Protection Scheme for Control Communication Circuits
including SCADA.
• Telecom Circular No. 9/2013 - Proportionate
maintenance charges payable to RCIL for the year 2012-
13.
• Telecom Circular No. 7/2013 - VHF sets-MIL Standard
Compliance.
• Telecom Circular No. 5/2013 - Consolidated instructions
for provision of Display Board for various Passenger
Information System.
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Classification of stations
• Rules of block system working - Class A, B, C and D.
• Group of Routes in BG (based on traffic density): A, B,
C, D, D Spl & E.
• Standard of Interlocking (based on speed of section):
1 (<50Kmph), 2 (<110 Kmph), 3 (<140 Kmph) and
4 (140-160 Kmph)
• Category of Stations (Commercial Classification- based
on revenue): NSG(1 to 6), SG(1 to3) and HG(1 to 3)
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SN Name of Equipment Working
Voltage
Required Current
1. 25W VHF Set 12V DC 2-3 Amp
2. VF Repeater 12V DC 0.5 Amp
3. Gate Telephone 12V DC 100mA
4. Way Station Control
Telephone
12V DC 100mA
5. STM1/4 OFC Equipment 48V DC 3 Amp
6. PD MUX 48V DC 2 Amp
7. Router 12V DC 3 Amp
8. Switch 12V DC 2 Amp
9. IPIS 230V AC 5 Amps(6 Line)
10. Auto Announcement system 230V AC 5 Amps
11. Digital Clock 230V AC 1 Amp/PF
12. Coach Guidance 230V AC 4 Amp /PF
Typical requirements of Telecom EquipmentPower Supplies at the station
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Unit of the Telecommunications traffic is Erlang (E)
which is named after A.K. Erlang.
The traffic intensity is defined as the average number
of calls in progress.
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V SAT System Architecture
MPLS cloud
Location 3
Location 2
Location 1
HQ
Railtel
2Mbps
OFC Link
H.Q Eqpt. Interfaced to
Exchange & Control Board
(4-wire) /UTS/PRS/FOIS
VSAT HUB
NDLS
512Kbps
512Kbps
512Kbps
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TYPICAL EARTHING ARRANGEMENT IN BPAC LB
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PROPER SOLDERING / TINKERING OF EARTH LEADS IN BPAC LB
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Centre for Railway Information System(CRIS)
The Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) is an
Autonomous Organization under the Ministry of Railways.
• It develops and manages the Information Technology
applications of the Indian Railways.
• CRIS also provides IT applications for non-Railway
Government and Public Sector organizations.IR
ISET
CRIS Projects at a glance
• Unreserved Ticketing system (UTS)
• Passenger Reservation System (PRS)
• Control Office Application (COA)
• Freight Operations Information System (FOIS)
• Integrated Coaching Management System (CMS)
• National Train Enquiry System (NTES)
• Parcel Management System (PMS)
• Indian Railways Projects Sanctions & Management (IRPSM)
• Software Aided Train Scheduling
• Indian Railway Web PortalTELECOM GENERAL PART-1 VER 1.0 42
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Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs)
• Rail India Technical and Economic Services (RITES) Ltd.
• Indian Railway Construction Company (IRCON)
International Ltd.
• RailTel Corporation of India Ltd. (RCIL)
• Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL)
• Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd.
(DFCCL)
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• Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC)
• Container Corporation of India Ltd. (CCIL)
• Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd. (KRCL)
• Mumbai Rail Vikas Corporation Ltd. (MRVCL)
• Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd.
(IRCTC)IR
ISET
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PART -2
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WELCOME
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TB 1
TELECOM GENERAL
(Part-2)
N. V. Gopala RaoICT-1TTC Lab
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Knowledge Required
• To competently perform installation, testing and
commissioning, finally maintenance of various types of
telecommunications equipment.
• General knowledge of equipment in common use in
Central Office and remote sites, including installation,
testing and commissioning.
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• Able to interpret Telecommunication Blue Prints,
Schematics and Specs and able to install equipment to
specification.
• Knowledge of ancillary equipment used in telecom
installations, including but not limited to cables,
connectors, steel work and other consumables that are
used on a daily basis.
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• Flexible and adaptable.
• Demonstrate the capability to be able to multi-task
and accommodate a variety of assignments at various
locations on a day-to-day basis.
• Computer skills including Microsoft Word, Excel,
Outlook.
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• Human Resource management.
• Material Management.
• Able to handle emergency situation.
• Data of complete section / project.
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S & T Department
• The role of the Signalling and Telecommunication
Department of the Indian Railways is to provide a
modern, efficient and reliable signalling system for
speedy, smooth and safe running of trains, as well as an
effective and reliable mode of telecommunications.
• This can be achieved by implementing uniform policy,
new technology, asset upgradation and renewal,
maintenance, inspection and human resource
development.
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Importance of the study of TB1
• Maintenance and inspection are to be the cornerstones
for ensuring efficient functioning of equipment.
• Study found that zonal railways were unable to provide
standard expected performance parameters for
Signalling and Telecommunication equipment in use.
Active service for each hour of down time, mean time
between failures and the time taken to repair varied
vastly from zone to zone and make to make.
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• Proper maintenance of assets and on the need to move
from corrective maintenance towards preventive
maintenance.
• Corrective maintenance comes into play only after
equipment becomes defective.
• Preventive maintenance on the other hand is applied
when equipment is still operative and proactive
treatment is given consisting of checks, examination and
supervisory inspections.
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Content of Telecom General
1. Rules applying to Railway servants
2. Duties of Telecom technicians and supervisors
3. Inspections
4. Drawings, specifications and books of reference
5. Schedule of maintenance and Periodical testing
6. Important Telecom matters
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Introduction
Uniform construction and maintenance practices are
essential to promote safety and reliability of Telecom
network.
• Construction of a new telecommunication system.
• Maintenance or repair of an existing tele-
communication system.
• Replacement of an existing system in a section.
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• The Planning, installation methods and conditions for
carrying out the Telecom works (maintenance) must
be in accordance with the written specifications and
recommendations of Railway Board or RDSO.
• The PCSTE of Zonal Railways and RDSO are authorized
to supplement additional guidelines required for day to
day working.
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• Revolutionary evolutions in Telecom technologies
leading to obsolete of earlier systems.
• For successful adaptation of new technologies & to
inculcate better construction or installation and
maintenance practices in Telecom systems the following
are essential.
1. Providing similar standard equipments
2. Training, Work shops and seminars
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SCHEDULE OF MAINTENANCE ANDPERIODICAL TESTING
Objectives of maintenance and periodical testing:
1. To extend the useful life of equipment.
2. To assure optimum availability of the installed
equipment.
3. To ensure operational readiness of all equipment
required for emergency.
4. To ensure safety of personnel using such facility.
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• Maintenance of Telecom equipment is to protect the
equipment, from environmental conditions like dust,
moisture and heat, from malfunctioning as well as to
protect the working personnel from electric shock.
• Maintenance and inspection are to be the
cornerstones for ensuring efficient functioning of
Telecom equipment.
Maintenance of Telecom equipment
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• Proper maintenance of Telecom assets and on the
need to move from corrective maintenance towards
preventive maintenance plays a vital role in S&T
department.
• Corrective maintenance comes into play only after
equipment becomes defective.
Corrective maintenance
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• Preventive maintenance on the other hand is applied
when equipment is still operative and proactive
treatment is given consisting of checks, examination
and supervisory inspections.
• Preventive maintenance is the complement of
Corrective maintenance.
Preventive maintenance
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Periodical testing
• Periodical testing means regular examination,
inspection, testing and adjustments of equipment
without prior knowledge of equipment failure.
• Both the maintenance and periodical testing activities
are very important for proper functioning of Telecom
system within the specified limits.
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Failures
• Failures means which affects the final performance of
Telecom system, i.e. failures affecting transmission,
failure of complete function, complete shutdown.
• Improper maintenance and periodical testing leads to
low equipment utilization and decrease expected
standard life (codal life) of equipment.
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Telecom Systems in Indian Railways
1. Train Traffic Safety Circuits: (in 6 quad cable)
2. Train Traffic Safety Communication: (VHF, MTRC,
TCAS)
3. Train Traffic Communication: (CTO, TPC, RC, TLC,
ENGG, Hot Line, Auto TP in OFC)
4. Data Circuits: (UTS, PRS, FOIS, RAILNET, DATA
LOGGERS)
5. Switching: (C-DOT, ISDN, VoIP)TELECOM GENERAL
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6. Passenger Amenities: (PA, TIBs, CIBs, POET, DTES-Touch
Screens, FRBS, BSNL phones)
7. Passenger Safety Systems: (Surveillance System & ISS)
8. Accident site Communication: (ART, ARMV, V-SAT, 6Q-
OFC, VHF, CUG)
9. Alternate Communication for TTC: (BSNL Phones, BSNL
Leased lines, CUG)
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Indian Railway Telecommunication Manual
• Issued by Railway Board
• It consists of 29 Chapters
• The current TM is available in IR website
(in both Hindi and English versions)
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Important organisations in Telecom
1. ITU-T, R & D
2. IETF
3. TEC
4. RDSO
5. PTCC
6. WPC & SACFA
7. Telecom Directorate of IR
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ITU: International Telecommunication Union
• Agency under UN
• The standardization which has made an effective
international telecom network possible carried out
through the ITU.
• The ITU is carrying out with three main divisions.
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International Telecom Union - Telecommunication sector
It’s duties are the study of technical questions, Operating
methods and tariffs for telephony, telegraphy and data
communication.
ITU-T (CCITT)
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• International Telecommunication Union - Radio
communications sector.
• It studies all technical and operating issues related
to radio communications, including point to point
communications, mobile services and broadcasting.
• Regulates the assignment of Radio frequencies to
prevent interference between different
transmissions.
ITU-R ( CCIR)
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International Telecommunication Union - Development
Sector.
It is responsible for creating policies, regulations and
providing training programs and financial strategies in
developing countries.
ITU –D
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• The Internet Engineering Task Force is the
premier Internet standards body, developing open
standards through open processes.
• IETF is a large open international community of
network designers, operators, vendors, and
researchers concerned with the evolution of the
internet architecture and the smooth operation of
the internet.
IETF
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ISO: International standards Organisation
• This organisation produces standards in many fields,
including Information Technology.
• Pertaining to telecom, ISO reference model for Open
System Interconnection (OSI).
ETSI: European Telecommunication Standards Institute.
ANSI: American National Standards Institute.
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
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TEC
• The Telecommunication Engineering Center is a body
under telecom commission and a nodal agency of the
Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of
Communications and Information Technology,
Government of India.
• TEC is responsible for drawing up of standards, generic
requirements, interface requirements, service
requirements and specifications for telecom products,
services and networks.TELECOM GENERAL
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• Specialised divisions of TEC cover various telecom
technology areas :
• External Plant Information Technology, Networks,
Optical Transmission, Line Transmission, Radio
Transmission, Satellite Transmission, Value Aided
Services, Switching Mobile Communications .
• These divisions are responsible for standardisation and
trials of new technologies.
Specialised divisions of TEC
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RDSO
Research Designs and Standards Organisation
“RDSO is an attached office of Ministry of Railways,
engaged in design and standardisation of equipments
for use in Indian Railways”.
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RDSO was established in Lucknow in 1957.
• The primary policy of RDSO is to develop safe, modern
and cost effective Railway technology complying with
statutory and regulatory requirements, through
excellence in research, designs and standards and
continual improvements in quality management system
to cater growing demand of passenger and freight
traffic on the railways.
RDSO
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RDSO Specifications
DRAFT Specification:
• RDSO/SPN specification is issued as draft specification
for discussion.
• This specification is circulated to customers / Railways
and field inspection units for comments.
• Ex: RDSO/SPN/TC/72/2007 (Rev.0)
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MAIN Specification:
• RDSO /SPN along with comments received from various
quarters is discussed in Telecom Standards Committee
(TCSC) meeting .
• Recommendation made by TCSC is put up to Railway
Board for approval.
• After approval from Railway Board, the specification is
given an IRS number and issued as Indian Railway
Standard Specification, i.e. IRS: TC: ________.
• Ex: IRS:TC/30/2005(Rev.2).
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RDSO guidelines / comments
will be in the form of :
TAN : Technical Advisory Notes
STR : Schedule of Technical Requirements
QAP : Quality Assurance Plan
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PTCC
Power and Telecommunication Co-ordination Committee
• It is a central standing committee for co-ordination of
Power and Telecommunication system. The committee
was formed by the Government of India in the year
1949. The role of the committee is to deal with route
approval for all new power lines.
• The clearance of this committee is required before
energization of new power lines of 11KV and above,
which is given after obtaining clearances from the
Railway/ Telecom having lines in the area.
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PTCC cell in Railways
• PTCC Monitoring cell headed by CCE and Dy.CSTE (Tele)
of the railway shall monitor the timely disposal of
pending and new cases.
• Full details are available in Telecom Manual / PTCC
Manual.
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WPCWireless Planning & Coordination
• WPC is a Wing of the Ministry of Communications,
created in 1952, is the national radio regulatory
authority responsible for frequency spectrum
management, including licensing and caters for the
needs of all wireless users (government and private) in
the country.
• WPC is divided into major sections like:
• Licensing and Renewal (LR),
• New Technology Group (NTG) and
• Standing Advisory Committee on Radio Frequency
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SACFAStanding Advisory Committee on
Radio Frequency Allocation
• The Standing Advisory Committee on Radio Frequency
Allocations (SACFA) is a high level committee chaired by
Secretary (DOT)/Chairman, Telecom Commission.
• Heads of major wireless users/administrative ministries
of the Govt. of India, Member (Technology), Telecom
Commission, and Wireless Adviser to the Govt. of India,
Joint Secretary, DoT are its members.
• WPC wing of the Ministry of Communications provides
secretarial help to the committee.TELECOM GENERAL
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SACFA clearances are issued after getting 'no objection' from
various SACFA members who have to carry out detailed
technical evaluation including field surveys, etc. At times
they have to obtain evaluations from their field units.
The technical evaluation is done primarily for
a) Aviation hazards.
b) Obstruction to line of sight of existing/planned networks
c) Interference (Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI)/
Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC)) to existing and
proposed networks.
SACFA clearances
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Functions of the SACFA committee • Major frequency allocation issues
• Formulation of National Frequency Allocation Plan
• Making recommendations on various issues related to
ITU
• Asia Pacific Tele community (APT)
• To sort out the problems referred to the committee by
various wireless users, siting clearance of all wireless
installations in the country, etc.
SACFA Monitoring cell headed by Dy.CSTE(Tele) of the zonal
Railway shall monitor the timely disposal of pending and
new cases.TELECOM GENERAL
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Telecom Directorate
The Telecom Directorate of Ministry of Railways,
Government of India, oversees the complete working of
Telecom in Indian Railways.
It takes care of all the telecommunication requirement of
Indian Railways.
Organization
Member S & T ( MST)
Addl. Member (Telecom)
Executive Director (Tele. Dev.)
Director (Telecom)TELECOM GENERAL
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Telecom Policy
• All the Telecom policies, decisions are taken in the
Railway Board.
• The information about various Telecom policy decision
taken in the Railway Board will be made available in
Telecom Directorate and circulated to all zonal Railways
and various Railway organizations for implementation.
• In general, every year, latest policy guidelines will be
issued to upkeep the technology.
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Telecom Policies: Example(Policy Letters Issued in 2013)
• Telecom Circular No. 10/2013: Report on most suitable
Protection Scheme for Control Communication Circuits
including SCADA.
• Telecom Circular No. 9/2013: Proportionate maintenance
charges payable to RCIL for the year 2012-13.
• Telecom Circular No. 7/2013: VHF sets-MIL Standard
Compliance.
• Telecom Circular No. 5/2013: Consolidated instructions
for provision of Display Board for various Passenger
Information System.
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Policy Decisions - Subject Wise
• Operational and Administrative communication
system
• Passenger Amenities
• Disaster Management
• Telephones
• CUG phones
• VHF communication
• RailTel
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JPO : Joint Procedure Order
• JPO is a document which will be drafted by various
departments for smooth functioning and to keep the
system failures in minimum level.
• The defined guidelines among the departments will be
certified by Heads of departments and circulated to all
concerned departments for strict implementations.
• The responsibility of various departments will be
demarcated in the JPO.
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Who will issue JPO?
In general, JPOs will be issued by Railway Board, Zonal
Railways and Divisional Railways to carry out the works
with clear instructions to avoid ambiguity.
Ex: 1. Prevention of Cable Cuts ( issued by RB)
2. VHF sets utilization in IR ( issued by RB)
3. Inspection of Surveillance system (issued by Zonal
Railways)
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MoU : Memorandum of Understanding
• MOU is a written agreement between Railways and
other service providers. (PSUs/Companies/
Consortium)
• The understanding between various organizations will
be defined for smooth working with clear information.
Ex: Between Indian Railways and Reliance JIO (RB level)
Between Zonal Railways and RCIL (Zonal level)
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PCDO: Periodical Comprehensive Demi Official
MCDO: Monthly Comprehensive Demi Official
TAP: Telecom Action Plan
TRIAP: Telecom Reliability Improvement Action Plan
Special reports
Compliance on Inspection report
Messages
Official Letters
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All the above reports play a vital role as a method of
supervision of the Telecom assets in Railways. By going
through these reports the higher officials will evaluate
the performance of different segments in Telecom.
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PCDO / MCDOThe aim of PCDO/MCDO is to get acquaint the Zonal
Railway / Railway Board with the latest position of working
of Railways.
PCDO document contains:
1. Highlights of the month.
2. Telecom works
3. Assistance required from HQ
4. Inspection done during the month
5. Stores & Establishment
The PCDO document has to be submitted by 25th of every
month to Sr.DSTE.TELECOM GENERAL
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TRIAP Telecom Reliability Improvement Action Plan
1. Drawings and documentation
2. Improvement to the cabling system
3. Maintenance aids
4. Security and protection works for Railnet
5. AMC/ARC for telecom systems
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6. Automatic Volume Control for Station PA System
7. Review of BSNL channel & upgradation of RCIL channels
8. Provision of telecom equipment in ART and MRV
9. Co-ordination meeting with RCIL, BSNL and Project/
Construction units
10. Power Supply, Earthing and Surge Protection system
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11. Provision of PD MUX in divisional HQs for all control
circuit to work on the E1 protection path.
12. Execution of S&T, Road Safety and Passenger amenity
LSWP telecom works.
13. Testing of telecom systems.
14. Improvement in Reliance JIO’s coverage over the
division.
15. Training and Manpower.
16. Innovations and new ideas.TELECOM GENERAL
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DESU, DETU and DISTU
DESU: Divisional Equated Signalling Units.
DETU: Divisional Equated Telecommunication Units.
DISTU: Divisional Integrated Signal & Telecommuni-
cation Units.
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DESU , DETU and DISTU
• These units are bench mark for manpower planning
and management, i.e. for justification of existing
posts and creation of new posts.
• These units have to be prepared by SSE, once in a
year and to be submitted to HQ.
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Codal life
The expected standard life of equipments intended to
serve and to take a decision for replacement of the
assets for effective functioning and utilisation of
equipment for safe running of train traffic system.
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Expected standard life (Codal life)of some Telecom Equipment are:
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OBJECTIVES OF MAINTENANCE
• To extend the useful life of equipment
• To assure optimum availability of the installed
equipment
• To ensure operational readiness of all equipments
required for emergency
• To ensure safety of personnel using such facility
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TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
1. Preventive Maintenance (PM)
2. Corrective Maintenance (CM)
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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE (First Level Maintenance)
1. Cleaning
2. Tuning or adjustments
3. Inspection
Major part of equipments involves inspection by look,
feel and listen.
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CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE (Second Level Maintenance)
Only when it is necessary due to malfunction or failure.
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Failures
Failures which have affected the final performance of
Telecom system, i.e.
- failures affecting transmission
- failure of complete function
- complete shut down
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CLASSIFICATION OF FAILURES
• Disruptive
- Equipment does not operate as intended
• Dissipative
- Equipment experiences repeated stresses that
lead to failure for no apparent reason
• Destructive
- Equipment fails at the instant the disturbance
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Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
• MTBF is a reliability term used to provide the amount
of failures per million hours for a product.
• When equipment such as Chargers, Train Operation
equipment, Media converters or Switches must be
installed into critical applications, MTBF becomes very
important.
Total working hours MTBF = ---------------------------------------------
Number of failures of sub system
Total working hours of Eqpt = Σ number of Eqpt provided x working hours of Eqpt system.
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Mean Time To Repair (MTTR)
• MTTR is the time needed to repair a failed hardware
module.
• In an operational system, repair generally means
replacing a failed hardware part.
• Thus, hardware MTTR could be viewed as mean time
to replace a failed hardware module.
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• Taking too long to repair a product, drives up the cost
of the installation in the long run, due to down time
until the new part arrives and the possible window of
time required to schedule the installation.
• To avoid/minimize MTTR, procurement of spare
products is mandatory, so that replacement can be
initiated quickly.
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BPAC
• Block Proving by Axle Counter is a system used for
controlling the coordinated movement of the train in
the block section working on absolute block working
principle.
• Rugged communication line in 6 Q cable /channel in
OFC is required for transmission of error-free data.
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Group of Routes in BG: A,B,C,D, D-spl & E. (based on traffic density)
Standard of Interlocking (based on speed of section) 1 (<50Kmph) 2 (<110 Kmph)3 (<140 Kmph) & 4(140-160 Kmph)
Classification of stations is linked to the rules for block system working - Class A, B, C & D
Category of Stations: NSG, SG and HG (Commercial Classification- based on revenue)
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1. Procurement
2. Installation and Commissioning
3. Operation and Maintenance
4. Codal life and Disposal
Life Cycle Cost of Telecom plant(Phase vice)
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SN Name of Equipment Working Voltage Required Current
1. 25W VHF Set 12V DC 2-3 Amp
2. VF Repeater 12V DC 0.5 Amp
3. Gate Telephone 12V DC 100mA
4. Way Station Control phone 12V DC 100mA
5. STM1/4 OFC Equipment 48V DC 3 Amp
6. PD MUX 48V DC 2 Amp
7. Router 12V DC 3 Amp
8. Switch 12V DC 2 Amp
9. IPIS 230V AC 5 Amps(6 Line)
10. Auto Announcement system 230V AC 5 Amps
11. Digital Clock 230V AC 1 Amp/PF Clock
12. Coach Guidance 230V AC 4 Amp /PF
Typical requirements of Telecom equipment Power Supplies at the station
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Registers / Documentation
to be maintained at
Telecom Installations
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Telephone ExchangeIndoor:
1) Exchange layout plan
2) Rack layout plan for each rack with connection details
3) MDF and IDF termination plan
4) Installation manual for equipment
5) Software documentation
6) Operation and maintenance manual
7) Wiring diagram for power panel
8) Manual for battery chargers
9) Battery maintenance register
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Outdoor:
1) Telephone No. wise subscriber’s details
2) Subscriber wise Telephone Directory
3) Cable/ Overhead layout plan
4) Subscriber premises wiring plan typical.IRIS
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OFC System
1) KM wise diagram (soft & hard copy)
2) Channel planning chart
3) E1 allocations chart
4) STM 1 equipment Test register
5) PD MUX test register
6) SMPS battery charger test register
7) Maintenance register
8) Earth measurement register
9) Fiber joint test register with RCIL
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10) Installation Manuals of STM1 eqpt.
11) Operation Manuals of STM1 eqpt.
12) Maintenance manuals of STM1 eqpt.
13) Installation Manuals of PD Mux
14) Operation Manuals of PD Mux
15) Maintenance manuals of PD Mux
16) SMPS battery charger
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Quad Cable
1) Km wise Cable route diagram (soft & hard copy)
2) Quad cable allocation chart
3) Quad cable testing register
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Data Networks ( UTS/ PRS / FOIS/ Railnet/MIS)
1) Approved network diagram,
2) Actual network diagram,
3) E1 allocation for RCIL channels and channel details
for BSNL channels,
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Accident communication
1) Details of EC socket,
2) L-14 diagram for O/H lines,
3) Zonal Rly. Telephone directory,
4) Zonal CUG mobile directory,
5) Satellite phone directory,
6) Rly. Board telephone directory,
7) Disaster management telephone directory,
8) OFC/ Quad Cable route diagram,
9) Train Time Table
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MW / UHF system
1) Log book for on duty Technician
2) Failure Register
3) Fading Register
4) Diesel Generator Register & fuel register
5) Power Supply failure register & AC register
6) Cable Termination Register
7) Maintenance and line up report of equipment and Earth
8) Technical Literature of all communication equipments such as
Radio, multiplexing.
9) Technical Literature of Charger, stabilizer along with circuit
diagram.
10) Tower Register.
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Drawings/ Specifications & Circulars/ JPOs
(Available at Divisional HQs/ section i/c SSE)
1) Set of all IRS (TC) drawings
2) Set of all RDSO drawings
3) Set of all IRS (TC) Specifications
4) Set of all RDSO Specifications
5) Railway Board Circulars
6) Railway Board JPOs
7) Set of all Zonal Railway Circulars
8) Set of all Zonal Railway JPOs
9) Jurisdictions chart of Quad cable /OFC maintenance staff &
telecommunication equipment maintenance staff
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Passenger Amenities (at Stations)
1) Approved Installation network diagram
2) Actual network diagram
3) AMC /ARC particulars
Equipment Register
1) Inspection registers.
2) At stations for all equipment
3) At LC gates
4) At TSS/SSP/SP locations
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ChannelFrequency
(MHz)Application / Department
1 146.400 Security
2 147.975 ART (Accident Site Communication)
3 148.100 Mechanical
4 149.750 Engineering
5 150.100 F1 for PLC, 1st section of straight section
6 150.150 F2 for PLC, 2nd section of straight section
7 159.600 F3 for PLC, 3rd section of straight section
8 159.650 Signal & Telecommunication
9 159.700 LC gate communication
10 160.400 Common Frequency
11 160.550 Train Escorting Staff
12 161.150 Driver and Guard Communication
13 161.425 Electrical Department
14 162.100 Shunting and Yard Communication
15 146.200 F4 for PLC, 1st section (Jn. Station – Direction1)
16 148.050 F5 for PLC, 2nd section (Jn. Station – Direction1)
17 149.800 F6 for PLC, 3rd section (Jn. Station – Direction1)
18 149.850 F7 for PLC, 1st section (Jn. Station – Direction2)
19 151.400 F8 for PLC, 2nd section (Jn. Station – Direction2)
20 151.450 F9 for PLC, 3rd section (Jn. Station – Direction2)
VHF frequency Allocation for various Applications / Departments(As per Railway Board letter No.2004/Tele/WL/2/Misc., dated 22.05.2007)
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Communication Requirements For new stations
1. Opening of new stations whether in an already existing
line or as part of a new section shall be governed by
“Rules for opening of a Railway”.
2. Communication systems for new sections shall be
planned on underground cable only.
• Suitable system to meet the future communication
requirement of the section shall be planned.
• Adequate capacity shall be built in to meet the safety
requirements of block working, TAWD, BPAC, emergency
requirements for accident communication etc.TELECOM GENERAL
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Communication Requirements For new stations
3. Communication arrangements at a new station shall be
governed by:
a) Controlled / Uncontrolled section.
b) Electrified/Non-electrified section.
c) Importance in terms of the various departmental staff
to be Posted at the station.
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Communication Requirements For new stations
4. The following communication arrangements shall be
provided at new stations:
a) Control telephone in controlled sections.
b) Phone communication to all manned level crossing
gates controlled from the station.
c) 25W VHF sets with proper standby power supply.
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d) Communication arrangements with sidings. Mode ofcommunication shall be decided by the Railwayadministration, depending on the importance of thesiding.
e) BSNL phone wherever feasible. In the absence offeasibility for land line BSNL phone, wherever WLLphone is feasible, it shall be provided.
f) In new sections, telephone exchange shall be providedat important stations where there is a sizeableestablishment for railway working. Wherever feasible,such exchanges shall be connected by suitable means tothe divisional exchange.
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g) In all new sections, S&T controls shall be provided
connecting SSE/JE (S&T) Offices and residences of
Technicians (S&T) etc.
h) In all new sections, Engg. Control shall be provided
connecting SSE/JE ( P. Way ) offices and residences. The
above g) and h) shall however be subject to availability
of channel in the main communication system.
i) In a new section, communication arrangements for
block working to suit the system of working to be
followed shall be provided.
j) In electrified territory, TPC phone shall be provided.TELECOM GENERAL
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5. Additional communication facilities be provided in new
electrified sections, shall be governed by the provisions
of the 25KV AC traction manual.
6. All the communication equipment shall be provided
with suitable power supply arrangements and proper
protective arrangements.
7. All the communication equipments and power supply
units shall be properly earthed.
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8. Besides telecommunication facilities, one or more of
the following facilities are to be provided depending on
the importance of the station.
Platform clocks.
a) PA systems for announcements on the platforms.
b) Rly and BSNL Telephones for Train Enquiry
Communication.
c) Train Indication Board as per Railway Board’s
guidelines
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The Telecommunications traffic
• Unit is Erlang (E), which is named after A.K. Erlang.
• The traffic intensity is defined as the average
number of calls in progress.
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230V AC power supply arrangement for Telecom equipments
230 V AC power supply to all telecom installations has
to be extended from AC supply CLS panel available in
ASM room with suitable MCB protection.
( Local EB / UP & DN AT / Generator supply)
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AC Power supply cable
At stations, where telecom installations (for OFC,
V.F.repeater, Microwave or cable hut) are located within
2 Kms from stations, a power cable of suitable size will
be laid from the automatic change over panel in ASM’s
room to the Telecom equipment room by Electrical
Department to provide stand by power supply.
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Structured Cabling (Cables, Racks, Connectors – all passive devices)
• Cabling architectures, if not chosen correctly, could
force an early replacement of the cabling infrastructure
to meet connectivity requirements in the network and
transmission system.
• A 19-inch rack is a standardized frame or enclosure for
mounting multiple equipment modules.
• Each module has a front panel that is 19 inches (482.6
mm) wide, including edges or ears that stick out on
each side which allow the module to be fastened to the
rack frame with screws.
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• Equipment designed to be placed in a rack is typically
described as rack-mount, rack-mount instrument, a rack
mounted system, a rack mount chassis, sub-rack, rack
mountable, or occasionally simply shelf.
• The height of the electronic modules is also standardized
as multiples of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) or one rack unit
or U .
• The Telecom industry standard rack cabinet is 4/9/12/
24/42 U tall and depth of 400/600/800/1000 mm.
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Structured Cabling (Cables, Racks, Connectors – all passive devices)
Connectors: RJ-45, DB-25, IO box, of patch cords,Splitters etc.
Cables: 120 Ohms balanced cablesUTP Cables and STP CablesMulti stranded wires
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VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminal
• VSAT provides Point to Point or Point to Multi Point
data connectivity.
• The VSAT uses Geostationary Satellite as repeater
location.
• As satellite is being used as repeating stations, the data
originating and terminating point can be any where on
the earth.
• VSAT networks are typically used for Video Surveillance,
Video Conferencing, Internet Kiosk, etc.TELECOM GENERAL
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VSAT Network Components:
• The VSAT network works in star as well as Mesh
architecture and consists of:
i) Hub Earth Station
ii) Remote Earth Station
iii) Satellite Transponder & Space Link
iv) Network Control Centre
v) Interface Equipment
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• Railway is using them to provide data connectivity
between various goods terminals and CRIS as well
as for video conferencing applications.
• It shall also be used for Accident Site
Communication for voice, data and video
transmission.
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V SAT System Architecture
MPLS cloud
Location 3
Location 2
Location 1
HQ
Railtel
2Mbps
OFC Link
H.Q Eqpt. Interfaced to
Exchange & Control Board
(4-wire) /UTS/PRS/FOIS
VSAT HUB
NDLS
512Kbps
512Kbps
512Kbps
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TYPICAL EARTHING ARRANGEMENT IN BPAC LB
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PROPER SOLDERING OF EARTH LEADS IN A BUS
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Integrated Cable Path Diagrams • The combined cable path diagram of Signals, Telecom
and OFC shall be prepared with reference to OHE mast or
other landmarks in Station Yard called as offset.
• The periodicity of offset measurement is 30 meters in
block section.
• The exact distance between cable path and center of the
main line track is to be recorded in the combined cable
path diagram.
• These set diagrams shall be made available with all S&T
and Engineering staff.
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Cable Markers
• The cable routes shall be clearly demarcated by suitable
concrete/stone/fiber markers for identification in future.
• After completion of cable laying, cable route markers
shall be provided at regular intervals of 50 meters on
the cable route.
• Cable joint markers shall be provided at all types of
cable joints.
• External Cable route markers colours shall be of
Red/Orange for normal path and Green for Splice/Joint.
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Annual Maintenance Contract (AMC)
• Annual maintenance contract agreement is required
to be entered between OEM of all the equipment
supplied against the specification and on behalf of
President of India for use and operation by the Zonal
Railways at Headquarter/Divisional level under the
supervision of Zonal Railways.
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• Annual Maintenance Contract hereinafter referred to as(“Contract”) is made on this ______ day of _______between M/s _________, having one of its Station/location at __________(hereinafter referred to asVendor) and Sr.DSTE/ ______ /______. (hereinafterreferred to as “CUSTOMER”)
1.Duration of Contract: The duration of contract is _____years starting from period of ____ to ______.
2. Periodic Maintenance Service: Vendor shall arrange todepute his technically competent representative torespective Location/Station to provide maintenanceservices.
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3. Breakdown Maintenance Service:
• The Maintenance Service shall include remedial
maintenance service (i.e. error fixing) for any
significant error, malfunction or defect in the various
software / systems supplied by the service includes
fault finding and rectification of all hardware, and
equipment and software problems.
• The report mentioning the activities / checking carried
out during the visit should be submitted to
Sr.DSTE/___/___for each visit.
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4. Penalty charges during AMC :
a. Description b. Time allowed for rectification
c. Penalty charges in case of delay beyond stipulated period/days
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Annual Repair Contract (ARC)
• Repairs and part replacement of defective equipments
comes under ARC.
• The defective equipment will be supplied by Railways
and contractor is required to repair/replace the
defective parts and make it functional.
• For some Telecom systems, repairs and part
replacement has to be carried out at site.
• The Passenger Amenities, VHF sets, Chargers etc. may
be covered under ARC.
• Generally, the terms and conditions of ARC will be same
as that of AMC.TELECOM GENERAL
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Emergency Control (EC) post
• Emergency Communication sockets are available in
regular intervals of 1 Km along the Railway Track.
• Total length of rail post used for EC post: 2.4 meters.
(7 ft 8 inches)
• Length of rail post buried in ground with cement
concrete: 0.9 meters (3 ft)
• Height of rail post from surface of ground, to mount EC
socket: 1.5 meters ( 4ft 9 inches)
• Painting of rail post: Black and white paint alternately
with 15 cm bands.
• Position of EC post: 5.5 meters from center of railway
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• EC post location identification: Telephone symbol painted
on OHE mast.
• EC Obligatory sockets to be provided irrespective of
regular intervals in the following locations:
a) for OHE department usage : between home to home
signals and at SP/SSP/TSS
b) for engineering department usage: at long bridges
and LC gates
c) for rolling stock department : at Crew lobby/CC (crew
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• The Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) is an
Autonomous Organization under the Ministry of
Railways.
• It develops and manages the Information Technology
applications of the Indian Railways.
• CRIS also provides IT applications for non-Railway
Government and Public Sector organizations.
Centre for Railway Information System (CRIS)
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CRIS Projects at a Glance
• Unreserved Ticketing system (UTS)
• Passenger Reservation System (PRS)
• Control Office Application (COA)
• Freight Operations Information System (FOIS)
• Integrated Coaching Management System (CMS)
• National Train Enquiry System (NTES)
• Parcel Management System (PMS)
• Indian Railways Projects Sanctions & Management (IRPSM)
• Software Aided Train Scheduling
• Indian Railway Web PortalTELECOM GENERAL
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Public Sector Undertakings
• Rail India Technical and Economic Services (RITES) Ltd.• Indian Railway Construction Company (IRCON) Ltd.
• RailTel Corporation of India Ltd. (RCIL)• Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL)
• Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. (DFCCL)
• Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC)
• Container Corporation of India Ltd. (CCIL)
• Konkan Railway Corporation Ltd. (KRCL)
• Mumbai Rail Vikas Corporation Ltd. (MRVCL)
• Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd. (IRCTC)
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