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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ ?§§<! Nausierounia6 Ebhnab umb wsic`bj 

B}ubanxb sbblsom ml rkkbube umlu icbnu~ jl~ aiu cb umb ia`~ olrb ih b}wbsnbaonak abklunxb

  w~omi`iknol` bhhbou ih {bnkmu ulur -_wnuvlod, <>=;.! Wbiw`b ih aisjl` {bnkmu is b`h*

o`lnhnbe ixbs{bnkmu b}wbsnbaobe cie~ enlunhlounia jl~ b|rl``~ wbsobnxb wsbfrenonl`

usblujbau -Laan, Olm, ( Mslcid~, 37754 Olm ( Mnod, <>>7. lae {lau ui `ib {bnkmu -Alxnl

bu l`!, 377?.! Mbaob, {bnkmu oiaonirab, {mnom `ble ui {bnkmu oiausi`, n cboijnak l

 wsbxl`bau usbae! [bnkmu oiausi` n umb lou ih us~nak ui `ib is jlnaulna {bnkmu -_bser`l bu l`!,

<>>>.!

Umn wmbaijbaia n bwbonl``~ usrb his {ijba, l jla~ lsb kbabsl``~ jisb oiaobsabe umla jba

ixbs umbns cie~ {bnkmu lae lsb l`i jisb nao`nabe ui oiausi` umbns {bnkmu! -_bser`l bu l`!, <>>?.

Omlakb na enbu lae wm~nol` lounxnu~ lsb umb jiu wsbxl`bau jbumie ih {bnkmu oiausi`!

Omlaknak enbu nao`reb oiarjnak hb{bs ol`isnb lae hlu -_bser`l bu l`!, <>>>.! Umbb lsb umb

oijwiabau umlu oiaunurub mbl`um~ blunak looisenak ui MWC! Mbl`um~ blunak n b`bounak l

 cl`laobe enbu umlu n mnkm na enbuls~ hncsb lae `i{ na hlu, omi`bubsi`, rkls lae l`u! Nu l`i jbla

mlxnak enhhbsbau u~wb ih hiie na umb snkmu ljirau lae aiu ixbs*blunak la~ iab u~wb -MWC,

377;.!

Wsbxnir sbblsombs mlxb hirae umlu wbiw`b lsb blunak mbl`umn`~ ui oiausi` umbns {bnkmu cru umbb

urenb lsb {bubsa*obausno! Umn wlwbs umr lnj ui hnae iru nh umb sb`luniamnw cbu{bba mbl`um~

blunak lae {bnkmu oiausi` ola cb kbabsl`nvbe ui umb `iol` oiaub}u!

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ 5§§3! @nubslursb Sbxnb{ 

Jisb hbjl`b umla jba mlxb umb ebnsb ui cb umnaabs na _naklwisb! [mn`b ia`~ 3=" ih 

_naklwisbla jba {lau ui cb umnaabs, jisb umla ml`h -2?". ih _naklwisbla {ijba {lau ui cb

umnaabs -[lak bu l`!, <>>>.! [bnkmu oiausi` ml l`i cbba nebaunhnbe l l jlfis jiunxlunia cbmnae

hbjl`b b`bounak hiie olsbhr``~ -_ubwuib, Wi``lse ( [lse`b, <>>2.!

Umbsbhisb enoixbsnak {mbumbs umbsb n la naubaunia his hbjl`b raebskslerlub na Alunial`

Ranxbsnu~ ih _naklwisb -AR_. ui oiausi` umbns {bnkmu jl~ wsbbau la iwwisuranu~ his Mbl`um

Wsijiunia Cilse -MWC. ui sbnahisob umb mbl`um~ blunak `nhbu~`b -sbhbs ui _[IU lal`~n ih 

MWC.! Umn wlwbs umr bbd ui hnae iru nh hbjl`b raebskslerlub lsb oiausi``nak umbns {bnkmu lae

{mlu lsb umb jbumie bjw`i~be! Umb hnsu sbblsom |rbunia n mbaob ebsnxbe!

  S\<6 Lsb hbjl`b raebskslerlub na AR_ oiausi``nak umbns {bnkmu9 Nh i, mi{ lsb umb~

oiausi``nak umbns {bnkmu9 Lsb umb~ lunhnbe {num umbns jbumie ih {bnkmu oiausi`9 

Umb umbis~ ih w`laabe cbmlxnis rkkbu umlu cbmlxnirs n jlna`~ wsbenoube c~ naubaunia, {mnom

oiaunurub umsbb jlna hlouis! ‐L l kbabsl` sr`b, umb usiakbs umb naubaunia ui baklkb na

 cbmlxnirs, umb jisb `ndb`~ mir`e cb nu wbshisjlaob!‚ -Xbscbod ( Xlodnbs, 3775. Cbmlxnirsl`

naubaunia n ebubsjnabe c~ cbmlxnirsl` luunureb, rcfbounxb aisj lae wbsobnxbe cbmlxnirsl`

oiausi` -Slm, Ml`bs, Wlnaubs ( Omlwjla*Aixld, 3775.! Cbmlxnirsl` luunureb n ebhnabe l l

  winunxb is abklunxb bxl`rlunia ih wbshisjnak cbmlxnirs ih naubsbu! _rcfbounxb aisj n ionl`

  wsbrsb njw`nbe c~ njwisulau sbhbsbau naenxnerl`„ is ksirw„ lwwsixl` is enlwwsixl` ih 

baklknak na l knxba cbmlxnis! Wbsobnxbe cbmlxnirsl` oiausi` -WCO. n ebhnabe l umb wbsobnxbe

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ 2§§blb is enhhnor`u~ ih wbshisjnak l cbmlxnirs -Wl{`lod, Jl`nalrdl ( Snxbsnl, 377>.! Mi{bxbs,

Lsjnulkb lae Oiaabs -<>>>. mlxb bwlslube b`h*bhhnolo~ {num WOC! Umn n cbolrb b`h*

bhhnolo~ n ebhnabe l oiahnebaob na iab„ i{a lcn`nu~ ui olss~ iru l cbmlxnirs, lae sb`lub ui

naubsal` sbirsob rom l jiunxlunia! WOC ia umb iumbs mlae jblrsb b}ubsal` hlouis, rom l

lxln`lcn`nu~! His umn ure~, b`h*bhhnolo~ n omiba ixbs WOC, l sboijjbaebe c~ Lsjnulkb lae

Oiaabs -<>>>.! Umr, umb umbis~ ih w`laabe cbmlxnis n jienhnbe lae njw`bjbaube ui raebsulae

{bnkmu oiausi` naubaunia lae cbmlxnirs ljiak hbjl`b raebskslerlub na AR_! -Sbhbs ui

Lwwbaen} O his jienhnbe umbis~. Umn `ble ui umb boiae sbblsom |rbunia!

 S\36 Mi{ eib umb Umbis~ ih W`laabe Cbmlxnirs mb`w r raebsulae {bnkmu oiausi` naubaunia

ljiak hbjl`b raebskslerlub9

Umsbb m~wiumbb {bsb hisjr`lube ui hnae iru nh l oissb`lunia b}nu cbu{bba umbb xlsnlc`b na

umb jienhnbe umbis~!

 M<6 Umbsb n l winunxb sb`luniamnw cbu{bba luunureb ui{lse {bnkmu oiausi` lae naubaunia ui

oiausi` {bnkmu! 

 M36 Umbsb n l winunxb sb`luniamnw cbu{bba rcfbounxb aisj lae naubaunia ui oiausi` {bnkmu! 

 M?6 Umbsb n l winunxb sb`luniamnw cbu{bba wbsobnxbe b`h*bhhnolo~ lae naubaunia ui oiausi` 

{bnkmu! 

Hrsumbsjisb, sbblsombs mlxb hirae l `nad cbu{bba {bnkmu oiausi` lae umb leiwunak ih mbl`um~

enbuls~ mlcnu `ndb naosblnak nauldb ih hsrnu lae xbkbulc`b -@i{s~ bu l`!, 37774 Kbisknir bu l`!,

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ 8§§<>>;., bwbonl``~ na {ijba -[lse`b bu l`!, 3775.! L sbxnb{ ih ~irak wbiw`b„ xnb{ ia mbl`um~

blunak sbxbl`be umlu umbns luunureb ui{lse mbl`um~ blunak {bsb kbabsl``~ winunxb lae oiaobsa

ixbs {bnkmu {l jiunxlunia his omiinak mbl`umnbs hiie! Umn rkkbu umlu ~irak wbiw`b {mi

lsb wslounonak {bnkmu oiausi` mlxb l jisb winunxb luunureb ui{lse mbl`um~ blunak -_mbwmbse bu

l`!, 3772.!

Umbsbhisb, umb umnse lnj ih umn wlwbs n ui hnae iru umb sb`luniamnw ih {bnkmu oiausi` naubaunia

lae mbl`um~ blunak hsb|rbao~ ljiak hbjl`b raebskslerlub urebau na AR_!

 S\?6 [mlu n umb sb`luniamnw cbu{bba mbl`um~ blunak lae {bnkmu oiausi` naubaunia ljiak 

 hbjl`b raebskslerlub9 

Umb sbblsom |rbunia n hrsumbs csidba ei{a naui u{i m~wiumbb!

  M56 Umbsb n l winunxb sb`luniamnw cbu{bba naubaunia ui oiausi` {bnkmu lae umb luunureb

ui{lse mbl`um~ blunak! 

 M26 Umbsb n l winunxb sb`luniamnw cbu{bba naubaunia ui oiausi` {bnkmu lae umb hsb|rbao~ ih 

mbl`um~ blunak wslounob! 

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ ;§§?! Jbumie)Sbblsom Ebnka 

L |rbuniaalnsb {l hisjr`lube his <27 wlsunonwlau -bb Lwwbaen} C.! Umb elul oi``boube hsij

umb rsxb~ {bsb umba lal`~vbe rnak umb _ulununol` Wlodlkb his umb _ionl` _onbaob, _W__!

?!< Frunhnolunia ih Sbblsom Ebnka lae Jbumie _b`bounia 

_rsxb~ n {b`` rnube ui la{bsnak umb sbblsom |rbunia lae m~wiumbb, l nu ola cb rbe ui

bxl`rlub luunureb, naubaunia, rcfbounxb aisj, b`h*bhhnolo~ lae wlu cbmlxnis ih sbwiaebau

na l ulununol` nkanhnolau {l~! Nu balc`b nebaunhnolunia lae klumbsnak ih ebosnwunxb lae

nahbsbaunl` elul lciru umb ulskbu lrenbaob! _rsxb~ hnaenak {bsb umb cln his umb ebxb`iwjbau ih 

uslubknb ui wsijiub mbl`umnbs blunak mlcnu ljiak ubsunls~ urebau!

?!3 _rcfbou

Sbwiaebau {bsb l`` hbjl`b raebskslerlub hsij AR_, lkbe cbu{bba <= ui 32 ~bls i`e, {num

umb jbla lkb cbnak 3<!< -_E <!<5.! Nu n sboikanvbe umlu hbjl`b ubsunls~ urebau lsb rrl``~ jisb

nao`nabe ui{lse {bnkmu oiausi` -[lak bu l`.! Umb~ lsb l`i jisb wsiab ui leiwu l`ubslunia ui

umbns enbuls~ mlcnu ui oiausi` umbns {bnkmu -_bser`l bu l`!, <>>?.! L rom, umb~ jldb l rnulc`b

ljw`nak hsljb!

?!? _ljw`nak 

  Aia*wsiclcn`nu~ wrswinxb ljw`nak {l bjw`i~be! Ui lomnbxb l xlsnbu~ ih iwnania,

 wlsunonwlau {bsb sbosrnube hsij blom hlor`u~ -Lwwbaen} L Ulc`b <.!

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ =§§?!5 Elul Oi``bounia Wsiob

L wsbubu lobsulnabe umb sb`nlcn`nu~ ih umb |rbuniaalnsb! Elul oi``bounia {l oiaeroube umsirkm

bjln` lae sbosrnujbau ia oljwr! Sbwiaebau {bsb nahisjbe lciru umb wrswib ih umb ure~

lae wlsunonwlunia {l xi`rauls~!

?!2 Jblrsb 

_ulaelse*ol`be ulubjbau sb`lube ui cbmlxnisl` naubaunia, luunureb, rcfbounxb aisj, lae b`h*

bhhnolo~ {bsb leiwube hsij Lsjnulkb lae Oiaabs -<>>>. lae uln`isbe ui umb ulskbube cbmlxnis 

-{bnkmu oiausi`. ih umb rsxb~!

 Naubaunia! Naubaunia ui wslounob {bnkmu oiausi` {l lbbe rnak umsbb nubj, blom ia l ;* winau

@ndbsu ol`b jblrsbe lu naubsxl` `bxb`, laomisbe hsij ebhnanub`~ ei aiu -<. ui ebhnanub`~ ei -;.!

Umbb {bsb6 ‐ N naubae ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu ixbs umb ab}u jiaum,‚ ‐ N w`la ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu

ixbs umb ab}u jiaum,‚ lae ‐N {lau ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu ixbs umb ab}u jiaum!‚ Umb jbla ih umbb

nubj wsierobe l oijwinub ol`b {num l Osiaclom„ l`wml oibhhnonbau ih !>8?!

 Luunureb! Luunureb ui wslounb {bnkmu oiausi` {l lbbe rnak n} nubj, blom ia l ;* winau

@ndbsu ol`b jblrsbe lu naubsxl` `bxb`, laomisbe hsij   usiak`~ enlksbb -<. ui   usiak`~ lksbb 

-;.! Umbb {bsb6 ‐N umnad umlu oiausi``nak j~ {bnkmu n kiie,# #!!!w`bllau,##!!!cbabhnonl`,#

#!!!bafi~lc`b,# #!!!{nb,# #!!!abobls~!# Umb jbla ih umb n} ol`b {bsb uldba l l oijwinub

oisb, {num l Osiaclom l`wml oibhhnonbau !=;2!

_rcfbounxb aisj! L k`icl` jblrsb ih rcfbounxb aisj {l jblrsbe {num l oijwinub oisb,

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ >§§ebsnxbe hsij hirs nubj6 #Wbiw`b {mi lsb njwisulau ui jb umnad N -mir`e aiu oiausi` j~

{bnkmu)mir`e oiausi` j~ {bnkmu.,# #Wbiw`b {mi lsb njwisulau ui jb {lau jb ui oiausi` j~

{bnkmu -usiak`~ enlksbb)usiak`~ lksbb.#, #Wbiw`b {mi lsb njwisulau ui jb {ir`e -enlwwsixb

ih j~ {bnkmu oiausi`)lwwsixb ih j~ {bnkmu oiausi`.,#N hbb` raebs ionl` wsbrsb ui oiausi` j~

{bnkmu -usiak`~ enlksbb) usiak lksbb.!# L`` {bsb jblrsbe ia ;*winau `ndbsu ol`b jblrsbe lu

naubsxl` `bxb`! Umb Osiaclom+ l`wml oibhhnonbau his umn ol`b n !>58!

_b`h*bhhnolo~! Umn n lbbe rnak n} nubj, blom ia l ;*winau `ndbsu ol`b, laomisbe hsij

  usiak`~ enlksbb -<. ui  usiak`~ lksbb -;.! Umbb {bsb6 # !!!oiausi` j~ {bnkmu n baunsb`~ rw ui

jb!,# #!!!N mlxb wbsial` oiausi` ixbs oiausi``nak j~ {bnkmu!!!,# #!!! N mlxb umb lcn`nu~ ui oiausi`

j~ {bnkmu!!!,# # N lj olwlc`b ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu !!!,# # !!!oiahnebau ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu#! Umb

Osiaclom+ l`wml oibhhnonbau his umn ol`b n !;<7!

 Cbmlxnirs! U{i cbmlxnis jblrsb {bsb nao`rebe na umb |rbuniaalnsb6 ‐N mlxb wslounobe {bnkmu

oiausi` na umb `lu jiaum -usiak`~ enlksbb)usiak`~ lksbb.,‚ lae ‐Mi{ ihuba ene ~ir wslounob

{bnkmu oiausi` na umb `lu jiaum9 -abxbs)hsb|rbau`~.!‚ Umb Osiaclom+ l`wml oibhhnonbau his umn

ol`b n !=>;!

 Luunureb ih mbl`um~ blunak ! Luunureb ih mbl`um~ blunak {l lbbe rnak n} nubj, blom ia l ;*

  winau `ndbsu ol`b jblrsbe lu naubsxl` `bxb`, laomisbe hsij  usiak`~ enlksbb -<. ui  usiak`~

lksbb -;.! Umbb {bsb6 ‐N umnad umlu mbl`um~ blunak n l kiie {l~ ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu,#

#!!!w`bllau {l~ ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu,##!!! cbabhnonl` {l~ ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu,# #!!!bafi~lc`b

{l~ ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu,# #!!!{nb ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu,# #!!!abobls~ ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu!#

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ <7§§Umb jbla ih umb n} ol`b {bsb uldba l l oijwinub oisb, {num l Osiaclom l`wml oibhhnonbau ih 

!=25!

  Wslounob ih mbl`um~ blunak!Umn n lbbe rnak hnxb nubj, blom ia l ;*winau `ndbsu ol`b

-abxbs)hsb|rbau`~. jblrsbe lu naubsxl` `bxb`! Umbb {bsb6 # N mlxb cbba dnwwnak jbl` ui oiausi`

j~ {bnkmu! ,# #!!!lxinenak iab u~wb ih hiie!!!,# #!!!kiab {numiru hiie his jisb umla 35ms!!!,#

#!!!ia`~ blunak hiie hsij iab hiie ksirw!!!,# # !!!sbw`lonak jbl` {num l`ubsalunxb!!!#! Umb jbla

ih umb hnxb ol`b {bsb uldba l l oijwinub oisb, {num l Osiaclom l`wml oibhhnonbau ih !;83!

5! Sbr`u)Lal`~n 

Iru ih <27 rsxb~ sbwiaebau, 8;!?" ih hbjl`b raebskslerlub lsb oiausi``nak umbns {bnkmu! Ih 

umib, 8<!>" baklkb na wm~nol` lounxnunb ui oiausi` umbns {bnkmu nao`renak ‐lbsicno‚, ‐k~j ia

l sbkr`ls cln‚ lae ‐fikknak u{nob l {bbd‚! ;;!8" {mi lsb oiausi``nak umbns {bnkmu l`ubs umbns 

blunak mlcnu his b}ljw`b ‐lxinenak hsnbe lae in`~ hiie‚, ‐sberob olscim~eslub nauldb‚ lae

‐blunak `b alod‚! <!5" ih umbj ki ui `njjnak obausb is uldb `njjnak wn`` -Lwwbaen} L,

Ulc`b >.! _ijb {bnkmu*oiausi``nak hbjl`b mlxb b}wsbbe enlunhlounia {num umbns {bnkmu

oiausi` jbumie! Umb~ oijjbaube umlu ‐{bnkmu n ia`~ jlnaulnabe cru aiu ebosblbe‚ lae ‐nu

uldb l `iak unjb, i nu eib aiu sbl``~ {isd‚!

;7!<" ih hbjl`b raebskslerlub usru enbununla l l irsob ih {bnkmu oiausi` lexnob, hi``i{be

  c~ wisu nausrouis -2=!2"., kbabsl` wsloununiabs -25!5". lae njjbenlub hsnbae -27!<".!

;5!<" ih umbj l`i usru {bnkmu oiausi` lexnob hsij ab{wlwbs lsuno`b lae benuisnl`, hi``i{be

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ <<§§ c~ jlklvnab lsuno`b -;?!2"., jbenol` firsal` -3;!>". lae umb MWC {bcnub -38!2".!

[mba umb hsb|rbao~ ih umbns mbl`um~ blunak wslounob {l jblrsbe, {bnkmu*oiausi``nak hbjl`b

lsb blunak jisb rambl`umn`~ -J:5!3;, _E:<!3?. umla umib aiu oiausi``nak umbns {bnkmu -J:?!25,

_E:<!3<, Lwwbaen} L Ulc`b >.!

Umbsb n l jiebslub oissb`lunia cbu{bba naubaunia lae cbmlxnirs -s:!253, w0!7<. lae winunxb

oissb`lunia cbu{bba naubaunia lae nu ensbou laubobebau -s: !82> ui !;87, l`` w 0 !7<.! Umn

rwwisu M<,M3, lae M?! Mi{bxbs, oijwlsbe ui ‐luunureb ui {bnkmu oiausi`‚ lae ‐b`h*bhhnolo~‚,

‐rcfbounxb aisj‚ mlxb umb usiakbu sb`luniamnw {num naubaunia -s:!;87.!

Umb usiakbu oijwiabau his luunureb ui{lse {bnkmu oiausi` n #N umnad umlu oiausi``nak j~

{bnkmu n kiie# {num l oissb`lunia ih -s:!2>3, w0!7<.! Umb {bldbu oijwiabau ih umlu n #N umnad 

umlu oiausi``nak j~ {bnkmu n la bafi~lc`b b}wbsnbaob# {num l oissb`lunia ih -s:5=>, w0!7<,

Lwwbaen} L Ulc`b ?.! His M3, umb usiakbu oijwiabau his rcfbounxb aisj n #wbiw`b

njwisulau ui jb {ir`e lwwsixb ih j~ {bnkmu oiausi``nak# {num l oissb`lunia ih -s:!;3?, w0!7<.!

Umb {bldbu oijwiabau his rcfbounxb aisj n #N hbb` raebs ionl` wsbrsb ui oiausi` j~

{bnkmu# {num l oissb`lunia ih -s:!57?, w0!7<, Lwwbaen} L Ulc`b 5.! Na M?, umb usiakbu

oijwiabau his b`h*bhhnolo~ n #ui {mlu b}ubau ei ~ir bb ~irsb`h l cbnak olwlc`b ih oiausi``nak

~irs {bnkmu na umb ab}u jiaum# {num l oissb`lunia ih -s:!8<>, w0!7<.! Mi{bxbs, umb {bldbu

oijwiabau his b`h*bhhnolo~ n hirae ui cb #{mbumbs is aiu N oiausi` j~ {bnkmu na umb ab}u jiaum

n baunsb`~ rw ui jb# {num l oissb`lunia ih -s:!?5=, w0!7<, Lwwbaen} L Ulc`b 2.!

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ <3§§Umr, umb jiebslub oissb`lunia cbu{bba naubaunia lae cbmlxnirs, {num +naubaunia+ ljl`kljlunak

umb xlsnlc`b ih +luunureb+, +b`h*bhhnolo~+ lae +rcfbounxb aisj+ leb|rlub`~ la{bs S\3 umsirkm

umb |rlaunulunxb nausrjbau run`nvbe!

Umbsb n l winunxb oissb`lunia cbu{bba naubaunia ui oiausi` {bnkmu lae umb xlsnlc`b ”luunureb

ui{lse mbl`um~ blunak„ -s:!?><, w0!7<., {mnom rwwisu M5! Umb xlsnlc`b ”hsb|rbao~ ih mbl`um~

blunak wslounob„ {l hirae ui mlxb l abklunxb sb`luniamnw {num naubaunia ui oiausi` {bnkmu -s: *

!357, w0!7<, Lwwbaen} L Ulc`b 3., {mnom oiauslenou M2! Na leenunia, hsij umb iwba*baebe

|rbunia na |rbunia < ih umb rsxb~ -Lwwbaen} E., umbsb {bsb sbwiaebau {mi oijjbaube umlu

umb~ mlxb wslounobe #`n|rne enbu# lae #ulsxnak j~b`h {mba N eia+u hbb` `ndb blunak#!

Umb usiakbu oijwiabau oiausncrunak ui umb luunureb ui{lse mbl`um~ blunak n umb b}ubau

sbwiaebau lksbb ia umb nubj #N umnad umlu mbl`um~ blunak n l w`bllau jbumie ih {bnkmu oiausi`#

{num oissb`lunia s:!=3> -w0!7<.! Umb {bldbu oijwiabau oiausncrunak ui umb luunureb ui{lse

mbl`um~ blunak n #N umnad umlu mbl`um~ blunak n l cbabhnonl` jbumie ih {bnkmu oiausi`# {num

oissb`lunia s:!;7; -w0!7<.! Umb jiu hsb|rbau rambl`um~ cbmlxnis wslounobe n #N mlxb cbba

dnwwnak jbl` ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu# lae #N mlxb cbba sbw`lonak jbl` {num l`ubsalunxb `ndb

{lubs ui oiausi` j~ {bnkmu#!

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ <?§§2! Enornia 

Umb lnj ih umb wsbbau ure~ {bsb umsbb*hi`e6 ui raebsulae nh hbjl`b raebskslerlub na AR_

lsb oiausi``nak umbns {bnkmu lae mi{4 ui lww`~ umb jienhnbe umbis~ ih w`laabe cbmlxnis ui

raebsulae {bnkmu oiausi` naubaunia lae cbmlxnis4 lae ui nebaunh~ umb sb`luniamnw cbu{bba umb

hsb|rbao~ ih mbl`um~ blunak wslounob lae {bnkmu oiausi` naubaunia {mnom jl~ oiausncrub ui umb

raebsulaenak ih enbuls~ mlcnu ljiak hbjl`b raebskslerlub na AR_!

  _ionl` hlouis lsb jisb nah`rbaunl` na Lnla oiaub}u na lhhbounak {bnkmu oiausi` cbmlxnis 

ljiak hbjl`b raebskslerlub umla na [bubsa oiaub}u!

Umb jienhnbe UWC n lww`nolc`b ui umb _naklwisb oiaub}u, wbonhnol``~ ui{lse AR_ hbjl`b

raebskslerlub, l nu mle bhhbounxb`~ wsbenoube cium {bnkmu oiausi` naubaunia lae cbmlxnis!

Mi{bxbs, na oiauslu {num hnaenak c~ Lsjnulkb lae Oiaabs -<>>>. lae I~klse lae Snb -<>>8.,

{mnom naenolub umlu +luunureb ui{lse {bnkmu oiausi`+ n umb usiakbu wsbenouis lae +rcfbounxb

aisj+ umb {bldbu wsbenouis, {b hirae umlu +rcfbounxb aisj+ ml umb usiakbu oissb`lunia {num

naubaunia ui oiausi` {bnkmu! Umn rkkbu umb usiak nah`rbaob ih ionl` hlouis `blenak ui {bnkmu

oiausi` cbmlxnirs ljiak hbjl`b AR_ raebskslerlub! Umn oir`e wsiclc`~ cb erb ui enhhbsbaob

na oiaub}u cbu{bba umb [bu lae Blu! [ijba na kbabsl` lsb hirae ui cb jisb oi``bounxnuno umla

jba -Usnlaen ( _nakb`n <>>=.! Wbiw`b hsij Blu Lnla clodksirae lsb l`i jisb

oi``bounxnuno umla umib hsij Brsiwbla clodksirae -_nakb`n, U! J!, Usnlaen, M! O!, Cml{rd,

E! _!, ( Kb`hlae, J! <>>2.!

Lnla or`ursb bjwmlnvb #b`h`b rcisenalunia ui hljn`~ lae oijjranu~, {mnom jl~ ebosblb

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ <5§§`bxb` ih wbsial` oiausi`#! Umr Lnla mlxb `i{bs `bxb` ih b`h*oiausi` umla aia*Lnla -Si

( _lus~ <>>=.! Hbjl`b ubsunls~ urebau bbj ui xl`rb umb iwnania ih umb wbiw`b njwisulau ui

umbj lae umb~ lsb jisb nao`nabe ui bbd  lwwsixl`  umla hbb`  wsbrsb {mba nu oijb ui ionl`

hlouis na nah`rbaonak umbj ui oiausi` umbns {bnkmu! Umn hnaenak n rbhr` na lnunak umb

hisjr`lunia ih jblkb nh umb ulouno ih wbsrlenak hbjl`b raebskslerlub+ ionl` ksirw ui

nah`rbaob umbj n run`nvbe! Umr wbiw`b njwisulau ui umb raebskslerlub naubaenak ui oiausi` umbns 

{bnkmu mir`e cb nah`rbaunl` na sbhbssnak umbj ui mbl`um wsihbnial` rom l {bnkmu `i

enbununla is arusnunianu ui barsb umlu umb~ ei aiu rb b}usbjb jbumie ui oiausi` umbns {bnkmu!

Hbjl`b raebskslerlub {mi lsb naubaenak ui oiausi` {bnkmu ei aiu aboblsn`~ wslounob

mbl`um~ blunak!

[bnkmu*oiausi``nak hbjl`b raebskslerlub lwwbls ui b}wbou naulau sbr`u lae cboijb

enlunhnbe {num umbns {bnkmu oiausi` jbumie umirkm umb jbumie lsb mbl`um~! Umn wsiclc`~ `be

umbj ui b}w`isnak jisb jbumie ih {bnkmu oiausi`, {mnom ursabe iru ui cb rambl`um~! L`umirkm

bls`nbs urenb rkkbube l winunxb sb`luniamnw cbu{bba umb #naubaunia ui oiausi` {bnkmu# lae umb

#hsb|rbao~ ih mbl`um~ blunak wslounob#, hnaenak ih umn ure~ rkkbube iumbs{nb lae `bhu M2

rarwwisube! Umn wlwbs luusncrub umn enosbwlao~ ui narhhnonbau umbisnb b}w`lnanak umb

sb`luniamnw cbu{bba umb hsb|rbao~ ih mbl`um~ blunak wslounob lae umb naubaunia ui oiausi`

{bnkmu! Hrsumbsjisb, umb ebhnanunia ih mbl`um~ blunak enhhbs cbu{bba wsbxnir urenb lae umlu ih 

umn ure~! His b}ljw`b, Wl{`ld, Jl`nalrdl ( Snxbsl+ -377>. ebhnanunia ih mbl`um~ blunak

sbhbs ui l enbu umlu nao`reb {mi`b kslna, hsrnu, lae xbkbulc`b lae n jiebslub na hlu, rkls,

lae ienrj! Mi{bxbs, MWC+ ebhnanunia ih mbl`um~ blunak n jisb ebuln`be! Ia uiw ih blunak

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ <2§§{mi`b kslna, hsrnu, lae xbkbulc`b lae jiebslub hlu, rkls, lae ienrj nauldb, iab l`i ml ui

blu enhhbsbau u~wb ih hiie na umb snkmu ljirau lae aiu ixbs*blu la~ iab u~wb ih hiie!

8! Sbh`bounia 

Umb hnaenak ih umb wsbbau ure~ jru cb naubswsbube na `nkmu ih obsulna `njnulunia! Umb sbr`u

 wsbbaube mbsb lsb clbe ia l wrswinxb ljw`nak ih hbjl`b raebskslerlub! Jisbixbs, hnaenak

ih umn sbblsom lsb clbe ia b`h*sbwisube elul! Umb lrumis mlxb l`i aiu lbbe umb lourl`

{bnkmu oiausi` cbmlxnis ih hbjl`b raebskslerlub nao`rebe na umb ljw`b lsb ralc`b ui lb

mi{ {b`` umb cbmlxnisl` naubaunia lae oijwiabau ih umb umbis~ ih sbliabe lounia wsbenou umb

lourl` {bnkmu oiausi` cbmlxnis!

Umn ure~ umr sbxbl` umb jbumie ih {bnkmu oiausi` raebsuldba ljiak hbjl`b raebskslerlub!

Oirw`be {num onsorjulaob `ndb wlodbe omber`b lae cr~ el~ lae b}wbsnbaonak nssbkr`ls 

jbl` l l sbr`u, umbb raebskslerlub lsb w`lobe na mnkm snd his hrursb mbl`um wsic`bj! Umbsb

n umr l abbe ui berolub hbjl`b raebskslerlub ia umb oissbou jbumie ih {bnkmu oiausi`!

_ure~nak {bnkmu oiausi` jbumie lae l`ubslunia ui enbuls~ mlcnu ui jlnaulna is sberob {bnkmu

mir`e cb l hior ih sbblsombs lae mbl`um lrumisnunb `ndb MWC! Umn lsbl n {isum b}w`isnak na

hrursb urenb!

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ <8§§;! Cnc`nikslwm~

<!  Kbisknir, O!O!, Cbuu, A!J!, Mibss, _!@!, Dbnj, D!, Wbubs, W!D!, _ub{lsu, C! ( Xinomnod,

F! -<>>;. Ljiak ~irak ler`u, oi``bkb urebau lae kslerlub wslounbe jisb mbl`umhr`

mlcnu lae jleb jisb mbl`umhr` hiie ominob umlu ene aiaurebau!   Firsal` ih umb

 Ljbsnola Enbubuno Lionlunia, >; -;., ;25*;2>!

3!  @i{s~, S!, Kl`rdl, E!L!, Hr`uia, F!B!, [bom`bs, M!, Dlaa, @! ( Oi``na, F!@! -3777.

Wm~nol` Lounxnu~, Hiie Ominob, lae [bnkmu Jlalkbjbau Kil` lae Wslounob Ljiak

R!_! Oi``bkb _urebau! Ljbsnola Firsal` ih Wsbxbaunxb Jbenonab, <= -<., <=*3;!

?!    Alxnl, C!, Isubkl, S!J!, Sb|rbfi, L!J!, Jbal, J!O!, Wbsbl, F!J! ( @ÿwbv*_icl`bs,

L!J! -377?. Nah`rbaob ih umb ebnsb ui `ib {bnkmu ia hiie mlcnu, lae dai{`bekb ih umb

omlsloubsnuno ih l cl`laobe enbu, na l ksirw ih Jlesne ranxbsnu~ urebau!  Brsiwbla

 Firsal` ih O`nanol` Arusnunia, 2; -<., _>7*_>?!

5!  I~klse, @! ( Snb, F! -<>>8.! Wsbenounak umb naubaunia ui blu mbl`umnbs hiie ljiak ~irak

ler`u! Mbl`um Berolunia Sbblsom, << -5., 52?*58<!

2!  Wl{`ld, S!, Jl`nalrdl, C! ( Snxbsl, E! -377>. Wsbenounak Naubaunia ui Blu l Mbl`umhr`

Enbu c~ Oi``bkb Clbcl`` W`l~bs6 Lww`~nak umb Umbis~ ih W`laabe Cbmlxnirs! Firsal` ih 

 Arusnunia Berolunia lae Cbmlxnirs, 5< -2., ??5*??>!

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ <;§§ 

8!  Slm, F!M!, Ml`bs, O!J!, Wlnaubs, F!B! ( Omlwjla*Aixldihdn, D!J! -3775. Lww`~nak

umb Umbis~ ih W`laabe Cbmlxnirs ui [ijba+ Cbmlxnisl` Luunureb ia lae Oiarjwunia

ih _i~ Wsierou! Firsal` ih Arusnunia Berolunia lae Cbmlxnirs, ?8 -2., 3?=*355!

;!  _lus~, F!, Si O! B! -<>>=. Lnla Bumanonu~ lae umb _bab ih Wbsial` Oiausi`! _ionl` 

 W~omi`ik~ \rlsubs`~, 8< -3., <7<*<37!

=! 

_bser`l, J!D!, Oi``na, J!B!, [n``nljia, E!H!, Lael, S!H!, Wljrd, B!, ( C~bs, U!B!

-<>>?. [bnkmu Oiausi` Wslounob ih R!_! Lei`bobau lae Ler`u!  Laal` ih Naubsal` 

Jbenonab, <<> -;., 88;*8;<!

>!  _bser`l, J! D!, Jidele, L! M!, [n``nljia, E! H!, Kl`rdl, E! L!, Jbae`bna, F! J!, (

Mblum, K! [! -<>>>.! Wsbxl`baob ih luubjwunak {bnkmu `i lae uslubknb his oiausi``nak

{bnkmu! Firsal` ih Ljbsnola Jbenol` Lionlunia, 3=3, <?2?*<?2=!

<7! _mbwbse, F!, Mlseba, L!, Sbb, S!, Csrauia, K!, Klsonl, F!, I`nxbs, _!, ( Ild`b~, L!

-3772.! ^irak wbiw`b lae mbl`um~ blunak6 l ~ubjluno sbxnb{ ih sbblsom ia clssnbs lae

hlon`nuluis! Mbl`um Berolunia Sbblsom, <*<>!

<<! _nakb`n, U! J!, Usnlaen, M! O!, Cml{rd, E! _!, ( Kb`hlae, J! -<>>2.! Misnviaul` lae

xbsunol` enjbania ih naenxnerl`nj lae oi``bounxnj6 L umbisbunol` lae jblrsbjbau

sbhnabjbau! Osi*Or`ursl` Sbblsom, 3>, 357*3;2!

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[BNKMU§OIAUSI@§(§MBL@UM §BLUNAK§ <=§§ 

<3! _nakb`n, U! J!, Usnlaen, M! O! -<>>=.! Uslnanak ui sboikanvb naenxnerl` enhhbsbaob na

oi``bounxnj lae naenxnerl`nj {numna or`ursb!   Naubsalunial` Firsal` ih Naubsor`ursl` 

 Sb`lunia, 33 -<., ?2*5;!

<?! _wnuvlod, O! -<>=;.! Oiahbnia lae nkanhnolaob6 umb ~ubjluno naosnwunia ih cie~

oiaonirab! Firsal` ih Jbenonab lae lae Wmn`iiwm~, <3, ?2;*?8>!

<5! Xbscbdb, [! ( Xlodnbs, N! -3775. Naenxnerl` ebubsjnalau ih hnm oiarjwunia6

lww`nolunia ih umb umbis~ ih w`laabe cbmlxnirs! Lwwbunub, 55 -<., 8;*=3!

<2! [lak, J! O!, Mi, U!H!, Laebsia, F! A!, _lcs~, V! N! -<>>>.! Wsbhbsbaob his umnaab na

naklwisb * l ab{`~ naerusnl`nbe ionbu~! _naklwisb Jbenol` Firsal`, 57, 273*27;!

<8! [lse`b, F!, Mllb, L!J!, _ubwuib, L!, An `lwra, J!, Fia{run{b, D! ( Cb``n`b, H! -3775.

Kbaebs Enhhbsbaob na Hiie Ominob6 Umb Oiausncrunia ih Mbl`um Cb`nbh lae

Enbunak! Laal` ih cbmlxnirsl` jbenonab, 3; -3., <7;*<<8!