Week architecture updated
Transcript of Week architecture updated
ARCHITECTURE
AED1313
Introduction to Built Environment
Compiled by
Department Of Architecture And Environmental Design
Centre For Foundation Studies
International Islamic University Malaysia
Contents
What is architecture? Overview of the architect’s profession Architectural Styles Vernacular VS Indigenous architecture Islamic architecture Sustainable and ecological design
ARCHITECTURE? The art and science of
designing and constructing buildings or open area,
commune areas and other artificial constructions or environment
usually with some regard to aesthetic
Its basic function is to provide shelter for various human activities by enclosing space.
Architect’s Act
The architect of Malaysia are bound under the Architects Act 1967 (Revise 1973) that provides statutory authority to architects in implementing their responsibilities under the supervision of the Board of Architects, Malaysia.
The Profession
Science + Art To produce a structure as well as creating
forms To visualize the interior as well as the
exterior of a building To ensure the accommodation related to
requirements of inhabitants To ensure form and construction of the
building are appropriate to function of the building and its setting
Architect’s Scope of Work
Building and designing Master planning Interior designing Project managing Building graphics – Computer Graphics,
Presentation Drawings and model making
(1) Designing
the building
(2) Preparation of drawing
(3) Supervision of Construction
Work
Architect’s Work Stages
Stage 1: Designing the building Advice client on suitability/feasibility of project
Forming project brief according to client’s requirements
Helping client in the estimation of project’s cost
Suggest to client possible parties for design consultant team
Designing in collaboration with other consultants
Compliance of design with government requirements:
drawing submission to authorities e.g. DBKL, Bomba, JKR
Prepare Developed design/detailed design
preparation of contract
Arrange meetings at regular intervals with client, consultant and other
during design stage
Act as the middle party between the client and consultants/contractor
1. Identify the Problem
2. Prepare The Design Brief
3. Investigation & Research
4. Identify Possible Solutions
5. Choose Best Solution
6. Develop Solution
7. Implement Solution
8. Test Solution
9. Evaluate & Report
Findings
Design Process
Presentation of design drawing for early
discussion with client.
Design drawing for early cost estimation
Detail and comprehensive working drawings
for project tendering and construction
Stage 2: Preparation of drawings
Stage 3: Supervision of Construction Works Briefing to all consultants and contractors on the building design
Arrange meetings for construction progress at regular intervals
Arrange visit to construction site at regular intervals
Organize appropriate payment/process to contractor
Ensure contractor to:
Work according to design
Follow authority regulation and contract agreement
Coordinate with consultants regarding other disciplines’ drawing
Control the work to not exceeding the cost of building
Architectural Practice Single
small scale companyowned by an individualhandle small scale projects
○ housing and renovation
Partnershipconsists of few partners/principle and
associatesAdvantages
○ easy to get projects○ easy to delegate jobs/projects○ segregation of office management/ control
most practices commonly found in Malaysia
Architectural Practice Group Practice/ Consortia
Recent trends especially in large government projects○ Putrajaya, KLIA, KLCC and
Bukit Jalil
Group of architectural practices/firms form a group to work on one major project for a common client
Normally a project management firm will be coordinating or organizing project
Architectural Practice Personnel normally found
in an architectural firm :Principle / DirectorArchitect – Design Architect,
Project ArchitectResidence ArchitectAssistant ArchitectTechnical AssistantDraughtsman – Senior,
Intermediate and juniorGeneral Worker – Clerk of
WorkAdministration Staff
Professional Bodies
PAM – Pertubuhan Arkitek MalaysiaProvides council, Committee members,
Malaysian architectural policies, by Laws, Constitution and news
LAM – Lembaga Arkitek MalaysiaProvide Acts, regulations, registrations,
accreditation,publications and practices informations
How to register as an ARCHITECT? Those who have obtained qualifications
recognized by LAM and PAM are exempted from the Part I & II examination. The Part 3 Examination is mandatory for every would-be architect. Upon passing the Part 3 Examination, one may become a member of PAM and register with LAM as an Architect.
○ Excerpt from http://www.pam.org.my/career_guidance.asp
Career Opportunities Government or Public Architect Corporate/Professional Architect Project Manager Specialist in CADD Researcher Consultant or Advisor Graphic Illustrator Academician Developer, Entrepreneur, Contractor,
Manufacturer, Software programmer
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
TOPIC 2
Definition An architectural style is a specific
method of construction, characterized by the features that make it notable. A style may include such elements as form, method of construction, materials, and regional character. Most architecture can be classified as a chronology of styles which changes over time. These may reflect changing fashions, changing beliefs and religions, or the emergence of new ideas and new technology which make new styles possible.
Pre-Historic Islamic Classical Greece and Rome Mediavel Europe Reinassance Neo Classicism Revivalism and orientalism Industrial Revolution Modernism
Architecture Style
Architecture Style
Pre-historic Islamic Classical
Mediavel Reinassence Neo-Classicism
Architecture Style
Revivalism Orientalism Industrial Revolution
Modernism Post-Modern Deconstructivism
Architecture style in Malaysia have been influenced by various source since the earliest period of maritime and navigation and exploration in this part of this world (Asian).
The invasion of European colonial power (Portuguese, Dutch and British) gave big impact on the Architectural typologies in Malaysia.
Religion, economic and cultural activities influenced the pattern of architectural typologies especially on domestic usage.
Usage of appropriate materials, consideration of climate possesses as a design principle that are still relevant for Contemporary Architecture.
Architecture Style in Malaysia
Pre-Historic-tomb, altars Islamic – Mosque, Sultanate of Malacca Period,
Traders from India and Arab. Malay house Mediavel Europe- Church, fortification
(Portuegese) Reinassance/Clasisicism – Governor’s House
(Dutch) Colonial Architecture- British Invasion. Shop houses, temples- Chinese/Indian. Modern- After Independence- public buildings.
Architecture Style in Malaysia
Architecture Style in Malaysia
Pre-Historic Islamic Malay House Mediavel
Reinassance Colonial Temple Shop houses
Architecture Style in Malaysia
Modern/Post Modern – 1960-1980
Modern- 1990-2000
VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
TOPIC 3
Definition A term used to categorize methods of
construction which use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs.
Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over time (accepted civilization) to reflect the environmental, cultural and historical context in which it exists.
Vernacular IS NOT Indigenous All indigenous architecture IS vernacular
architecture
Influences in Vernacular Architecture Local climate & site condition Culture & the way of life Local materials & construction methods Energy & resource efficient
Case Study: Traditional Malay House Built without architect Display of a good fit to the culture, lifestyle
and socio-economic needs of the user The honest and efficient use of materials and
appropriate climatic design High degree of user and community
participation A sense of belonging and responsibility to the
built environment Creates a well-designed and healthy living
environment which it self maintained
Case Study: Traditional Malay House Low-cost, affordable and self-reliant Efficiently designed to suit the local
climatic requirements using various ventilation and solar-control devices and low thermal capacity building Built with natural materials like wood, attap
& other forest productsRaised on stiltsA prefabricated building system which is
flexible and varied to suit the needs of the users
Kelantan House
Promotes natural ventilation
ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURETOPIC 4
Islamic Architecture
Definition History Principles Renown buildings
Definition Encompasses a wide range of both secular
and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture.
Principles
Relying both on the technical-scientific and on the artistic-creative principles of architecture.
The relationship between architecture and the Islamic creed found its expression in the monotheist spirit as a religious foundation, and in the very Islamic precepts, principles, and traditions.
Ties with Allah
Ties with the
environment
Ties with fellow man
Basic Principles of Islamic Architecture
Principles
Adapted and responded to different cultures and existing traditions of buildings without weakening the spiritual essence which was its source of inspiration.
▪ (Sources: Jones, D: Architecture of the Islamic World; Islamic Arts and Architecture Organisation)
Characteristics Based on Islamic values Common character:
Worshipping○ Encourage Muslim to abide His Laws○ Decoration is to represent the beauty of
JannatulfirdausHuman Scale
○ designed for human (privacy, natural ventilation, water elements, etc)
○ Internal space is richly ornamentedUnity
○ Authentic identity
Notable buildings in Islamic Architecture history
Mosque Madrasa Souq/ Market Caravanserai Hammam
Mosque components
1. Prayer Hall 2. Mihrab3. Mimbar4. Dikka5. Kursi6. Kolah7. Minaret8. The Archway ( Eyvan/Iwan)
The main components of a mosque –contd.
The main components of a mosque - contd.
The Mihrab, minbar, DikkaThe prayer hall
The iwan ( Eyvan): Jama’ Masjid, Delhi
Main components of a mosque- contd.
The Kursi
The kursi is basically a bookstand on which the Muslim holy book, the
Qur'an, is placed.
The Kolah/pool The minaret
Minaret of the Muhammed Ali Mosque,
Cairo
Fountain in the Courtyard of the
Mohammed Ali Mosque, Cairo
Mosque decoration/ornamentation
1. Khat writing 2. Muqarnas3. Water element4. Light 5. Geometry
Variety of Khat writing :1. Deewani2. Khufi3. Naskh4. Riqa5. Taliq6. Thuluth
Khat writing
1. Deewani 3. Naskh
2. Khufi 4. Riqa
5. Taliq
6. Thuluth
Muqarnas
The shape of this three dimensionalgeometry is unique in islamic architecture.The earliest was found in the 11th century.
Muqarnas
Water element as decoration
Light as element in mosque
Muqarnas inside the dome
Colourful window in Suleymaniye Mosque,Istanbul.
Highly intricate screen in Fatehpur Sikri,India.
Geometric patterns make up one of the three non-figural types of decoration in Islamic art, which also include calligraphy and vegetal patterns.
Geometry
The door
The wall screen
The dome
Caravanserai in Karaj, Iran from the Safavid era
Caravanserais provided water for drinking (for animals and people), and for washing and ritual ablutions. Sometimes they even had elaborate baths. They also kept fodder for animals and had shops for travellers where they could acquire new supplies.
Caravanserai
BazaarA bazaar (Persian: بازار, Hindi: बज़ा�र) is a marketplace, often covered, typically found in areas of Persian, Indian and some Islamic culture. The word derives from the Persian word bāzār, whose etymology goes back to the Pahlavi word baha-char (بهاچار) meaning "the place of prices". ( WIKIPEDIA)
Market
Sustainable & Ecological Design
TOPIC 5
Sustainable Design? Also called environmental design,
environmentally sustainable design, environmentally-conscious design, etc.)
Def.: The philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of economic, social, and ecological sustainability.Its application range from the microcosm —
small objects for everyday use, through to the macrocosm — buildings, cities, and the earth's physical surface.
Sustainable Design?Can be applied in the fields of architecture,
landscape architecture, urban design, urban planning, engineering, graphic design, industrial design, interior design, and fashion design.
The intention: To "eliminate negative environmental impact completely through skillful, sensitive design". A general reaction to global environmental crises,
the rapid growth of economic activity and human population, depletion of natural resources, damage to ecosystems, and loss of biodiversity.
Common Principles of SD Use Low-impact materials
choose non-toxic, sustainably-produced or recycled materials which require little energy to process
Energy efficiencyuse manufacturing processes and produce
products which require less energy Quality and durability
longer-lasting and better-functioning products will have to be replaced less frequently, reducing the impacts of producing replacements.
Common Principles of SD Design for reuse and recycling
Products, processes, and systems should be designed for performance in a commercial 'afterlife'.
Apply Design Impact Measures for total carbon footprint and life-cycle assessment for any resource used○ It is increasingly required and available.○ Healthy Buildings
- sustainable building design aims to create buildings that are not harmful to their occupants nor to the larger environment. An important emphasis is on indoor environmental quality, especially indoor air quality.
Common Principles of SD Renewability
materials should come from nearby (local or bioregional), sustainably-managed renewable sources that can be composted when their usefulness has been exhausted.