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Transcript of Week #8 Quarter 2 (12/2-12/6) (calendar site) (calendar site) (calendar site) Friday, 12/6...
Week #8 Quarter 2 (12/2-12/6) (calendar site)Friday, 12/6
Activities/Assignments:1.Scale yourself on #5, 11 122.Stamp Land Ecosystem Notes3.Discuss Land and Aquatic Ecosystem Notes
4.Oceanography Notes
Today in APES…
APES Learning Goal: I can apply the study of oceanography
Homework:• Aquatic Notes due
Monday• Chapters 1-3; 5-6;
23-26 Study Guide due Monday
• Chapters 1-7; 23-26 Study Guide due Tuesday
• Eco-Column Reports due December 13th
Oceanography
Ocean Floor and Ocean Water
I. Water Cycle – the natural circulation of water into and out of the atmosphere.
A. The Water Cycle• 5 phases:
– 1) evaporation – liquid to gas• The sun energy evaporates ocean water and
become part of atmosphere– 2) condensation – gas to liquid
• Some of H20 molecules in air condense to form clouds.
– 3) transpiration – evaporation of H20 through leaves
• Occurs when plants breathe during photosynthesis– 4) precipitation – H20 falls from clouds as
rain, snow, or sleet– 5) ground water – water that is absorbed by
Earth’s surface and travels underground back to ocean
1. Water Cycle – the natural circulation of water into and out of the atmosphere.
• How much water is transpired into our atmosphere each year by a tree of average size?
300 gallons of water per
year
30,000 gallons of water per year
300,000 gallons of water per year
3,000,000 gallons of water per year
30,000 gallons of water per year
Through the process called transpiration, a tree of average size may release through its leaves about 30,000 gallons of water per year. This water is released into our atmosphere. An acre of corn may transpire about 300,000 gallons of water in a growing season.
A. Oceans1. 71 % of earths surface covered with
water2. 97 % of the water is in oceans3. In fact there is water around all the
land
4. Four FIVE major oceansa. Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic,
Southern
Oceansa. Pacific is larger than the Atlantic
and Indian combinedb. Atlantic is second largestc. Pacific is deepest oceand. Indian is second deepeste. Oceans have salt water
II. Mapping the Ocean Floor1. The deep ocean is difficult to
measure2. High pressure crushes ships3. Earliest method is sounding
a. Dropping lines until they hit the bottomb. Inaccurate and slow
4. Modern Techniquesa. Instruments like
underwater camerasb. Underwater robotsc. Bathyometry –
measuring water depthd. Indirect methods like
sonar1) Send down sound waves2) They hit bottom and
bounce up3) Detect signal4) Use speed of sound to
calculate distance
Human Exploration of Oceans
A. The Ocean Floor1. Topography- the description of the
shape ocean floor and its features2. Ocean floor is different from the
continents.
3. It has higher mountainsa. Deeper canyonsb. Larger, flatter plainsc. Different type of rocks d. More volcanoes
B. Continents Edge1. Called the continental margin2. Three parts
a. Continental shelfb. Continental slopec. Continental rise
C. Continental Shelf
1. More like land than ocean floor2. Slopes gently from the shoreline3. Sediments from land are deposited4. Varies in width5. Atlantic 200 km6. Siberia 1200 km
D. Continental Slope
1. Floor goes down rapidly- steep slope
2. Boundary between continent crust and ocean crust
E. Continental Rise
1. Slopes more gently2. Made of sediments that come off
the shelf3. Turbidity flows carry sediments
down.4. Like underwater
avalanches of sediment and water
F. Submarine Canyons
1. V shaped valleys cut through shelf and slope
2. Caused by turbidity flows3. Bring deep water
close to shore4. Monterrey Bay5. Good fishing
G. The Ocean Floor
• Large flat areas are called abyssal plains
• Biggest in Atlantic and Indian oceans
H. Mountains1. Underwater mountains are called
seamounts1. They are usually volcanoes
2. Some rise above to form islands3. Like Hawaiian islands