Week 7: Production + Consumption
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Transcript of Week 7: Production + Consumption
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Week 7: Production + Consumption
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Lecture Contents
Products today
Why do we consume so much?
Product Lifecycles
New Consumption
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Why?
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Point One
Point Two
Point Three
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Other body text to go here
How many products are there in the average Household?
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Why?
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Point One
Point Two
Point Three
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Other body text to go here
How many products do we consume?
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…..products today
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Households now contain over 1,000 products (compared to 25, 50 years ago)
1 new product appears on the shelf everyday, 1 is removed every 3 days
560kg per person of waste generated in developed countries (3 times more than in 1984) [www.uneptie.org]
1000kg of products purchased per year by consumers, only 100kg is retained as long term durables.
Average age of household appliance when discarded ranged from 2-12 years. Only ¼ were sold or donated for re-use.
1 in 10 products still worked when discarded.
Product Facts
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washing machine
vacuum cleaner
television
razor
video
stereo
television
stove
computer
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
still functioning not functioning properly not functioningCh
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Approaching market saturation, style rather than function becomes the selling point.
New technologies supersede old at phenomenal rates.
Over designed products Design life – Black and Decker drill: 25hrsUse life – 1 HourCD’s played once over their lives
Products designed to failUse life – Nokia phone 18 months
More products = more power consumption
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Why?
Place body text here or bullet points…
Point One
Point Two
Point Three
Images to right of slideWith info underneath.
Other body text to go here
Why?
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Industrialisation Mass Production
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Cheap Energy Available Oil Reserves
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Globalisation + Global Movement
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Increased leisure time More disposable Income
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Status, Consumer Society Planned Obsolescence
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Status, Consumer Society Planned Obsolescence
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Why?
Place body text here or bullet points…
Point One
Point Two
Point Three
Images to right of slideWith info underneath.
Other body text to go here
What impact do these products have?
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Raw material extraction Wood from forest, oil from well, metal ore from mine, etc.
Material processing Wood to paper, oil to plastic, ores to metal alloys, etc.
Component manufacturing Paper printed, plastic molded, alloys into circuitry, etc.
Assembly & packaging Product is assembled and packaged with documentation.
Distribution & purchase Product is distributed and purchased.
Installation & use Energy and additional materials may be used.
Maintenance & upgrading Product cleaned, parts replaced or upgraded
Transport (among all phases) Via train, truck, car, sea vessel or airplane
Reuse, recycling or composting Product or component reuse or material recycling.
Incineration or landfilling Product or components are burned or buried in landfill.
… . Phases in a product’s lifecycle
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Phases in a product’s lifecycle
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Example: What are the phases in the lifecycle of a
toothbrush?
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Material Extraction
Oil is extracted from the earth
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Materials Processing
Raw materials refined & combined with chemicals to form plastic
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Component Manufacturing
The materials are formed into the final product.
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Assembly and Packaging
The toothbrush is packaged individually
and boxed in large quantities.
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Distribution and Purchase
The brush is distributed and bought. Waste from packaging
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Installation and use
Brush teeth, toothpaste, water, waste.
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Maintenance and upgrade
Replacement
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End-of-Life
The Brush is returned for material recycling?
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What are the alternatives?
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Class exercise:
What are the phases in the lifecycle of a Glass?
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Discussion:
Why should or shouldn’t we consider all of the phases in the life of a product?
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80-90% of a products environmental & economic impacts decided upon in design & development stages
Early intervention is essential
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Sustainable Product Development
Sustainable Design is concerned with balancing economic,
environmental and social aspects in the creation of products and services… To create sustainable products and services that increase stakeholders' 'quality of life' while at the same time achieving major reductions in resource and energy use, will require a significant
emphasis on stimulating new ideas through higher levels of creativity
and innovation (Charter & Tischner)
The process of designing goods & services which consider all tenets of Sustainable Development. Holistic approach to the design and development
of products and services.
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Courtesy of Gavin Harte ESD Training
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Transparency in design practice
Responsible Design (Design for other 90%, Upgrade, Reuse, Second Life)
Emotionally Enhanced Products (Extended life spans)
Dematerialisation
Product Service Systems
Design for Limited Life spans
Looking to Nature
New ways of doing things
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Transparent, Honest
Patagonia ‘Footprint Chronicles’
Accountability
Responsibility
http://www.patagonia.com/web/us/footprint/index.jsp
Transparency in design practice
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What’s right?
What’s wrong?
SocialEnvironmentEconomy
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Design for the other 90%
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Design for the other 90%
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Second Life
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Responsible Design
Aeron ChairHermann Miller
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Responsible Design
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Design for responsible behaviour
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IPod
Dematerialised Solution
Dematerialisation
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Emotional Attachment
Experience
Personalise
Totally your own
Inconspicuous design
Upgradable software
Clever marketing
Negatives
Is it really needed?
How sustainable are Apples
Motives? (Batteries)
Dematerialisation
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Limited Life spans
Packaging
Perfect packaging solution
Designed for limited lifespan
100% organic matter
Edible: Disintegrates (with help) after use
Inexpensive
Easy to produce
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Biomimicry
Random patternInspired by NatureLonger life Place in any directionInfinite adaptability Easily replaced Reduce WasteGravity adhesion
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Biomimicry
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Service Systems
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Product Service Systems
Time charges
1 hour : £4.9524 hours (weekdays) : £35.0024 hours (weekends) : £49.505 days (Monday to Friday) : £1507 days : £19530 days : £695
Streetcar provides 30 miles' free petrol per calendar day. After that, additional mileage is charged at 19p per mile
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Product Service Systems
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Product Service Systems
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Eco-Efficient- More with less
Washing your dirty linen: Level 1
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Eco-Sufficiency –Less with less
Washing your dirty linen: Level 2
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Washing your dirty linen: Level 3
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http://www.forumforthefuture.org/projects/fashion-animations
Washing your dirty linen: Level 4
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Further Reading and Viewing:
Nicholas Negroponte (One Laptop per child): www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/nicholas_negroponte_on_one_laptop_per_child_two_years_on.html
Ray Anderson: EcoBiz www.youtube.com/watch?v=BerHLW6KhRY
Jacqui Novagratz: www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/jacqueline_novogratz_invests_in_ending_poverty.html
Schumacher, E.F, 1993, Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics as if People Mattered, Vintage Press.
Packard, Vance, 1960 The Wastemakers David McKay Company.
Papenek, Victor, 2002, Design for the Real World, Thames and Hudson
Smith, Cynthia, E, 2008 Design for the Other 90%, Cooper-Hewitt Museum.
McDonagh, W & Braungart, M, 2009 Cradle to Cradle Vintage Press
Fuad-Luke, Alastair, 2009 (3rd ed), The Eco-Design Handbook, Thames and Hudson.
ed. Steffen, Alex, 2008 Worldchanging: A User’s guide to the 21stcentury, Harry N Abrams
Mau, Bruce & The Institute without Boundaries, 2004, Massive Change, Phaidon Press