Week 6.16th century renaissance in northern europe.overview
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Transcript of Week 6.16th century renaissance in northern europe.overview
HIGH RENAISSANCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE
1500--1599
Northern European Renaissance
16th CENTURY
GIVEN FREE WILL , WHAT WILL MAN CHOOSE TO QUESTION?
IDEALIZATIONTHE CHURCH
ONE’S BEING (AN EXISTENTIAL QUESTION)
Guiding Question…
Geography of Focus
Guiding Events and FiguresThese may be political, scientific, literary, philosophical, religious
Ca. 1455, Gutenberg develops the printing press
Luther nails his 95 Theses to Wittenberg Cathedral in 1517 Leads to the Protestant Reformation
Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther in 1520; Diet of Worms condemns him in 1521
Henry VIII takes control of Church of England in 1534
In 1609, Galileo adapts telescope for astronomy His scientific beliefs will lead to his excommunication
SCIENCE
Francis Bacon Established scientific
method Privileges observation and
experimentation
Rene Descartes Emphasizes deductive
reasoning in answering philosophical questions
“I think; therefore, I am.”
William Shakespeare Author of 37 plays and 154
sonnets He is “not for an age, but
for all time.”—Ben Johnson
Michel de Montaigne Establishes the essai as an
attempt to answer “What do I know?”
Assumes that we can find our own answers
Reflections of the Age
LITERATURE
GIVEN FREE WILL, WHAT WILL MAN CHOOSE TO QUESTION?
IDEALIZATIONTHE CHURCH
ONE’S BEING (AN EXISTENTIAL QUESTION)
Guiding Question…
IN THE VISUAL ARTS , THE GENRE SCENE I S PREFERRED
IN MUSIC , MADRIGALS ARE POPULAR
Idealization
Given free will, what will man choose to question?
Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130
FORM
14 lines
3 quatrains
1 couplet
Iambic pentameter
Unstress/stress
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun; A
Coral is far more red than her lips' red: B
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; A
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. B
I have seen roses damask'd, red and white, C
But no such roses see I in her cheeks; D
And in some perfumes is there more delight C
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. D
I love to hear her speak, yet well I know E
That music hath a far more pleasing sound. F
I grant I never saw a goddess go: E
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground. F
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare G
As any she belied with false compare. G
Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s Harvesters, 1565
Shows daily life
Presents moral tales without overt religious symbols
Presents the Protestant Work Ethic
THE WEALTHY WILL SUPPORT THE SPLIT AS THEY WILL NOT BE REQUIRED TO :
a. PAY TAXES TO THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
b. ADOPT THE RELIGIOUS APPOINTMENTS OF THE PAPACY IN NORTHERN EUROPE
LANDS
The Catholic Church
Given free will, what will man choose to question?
Lucas Cranach’s Portrait of Martin Luther, ca. 1526
Author of the 95 Theses, which argue that faith, not works, brings salvation
Angry that Catholic Church is charging for indulgences and the forgiveness of sins
German monk teaching at Wittenberg University
Click icon to add picture
Scientific Discovery questions Church Authority
Copernicus (1473-1543) argues that the Earth revolves around the sun Based on a Greek geographer and astronomer,
Ptolemy
In 1533, Gemma Fisius explained triangulation in mapmaking and surveying, and in 1553, the principle of longitude
In 1609, Galileo adapts telescope to astronomy
WHAT IS OUR NATURE? OUR PURPOSE? WHY ARE WE HERE?
One’s Being
Given free will, what will man choose to question?
Hieronymous Bosch’s Haywain, ca. 1495--1500
Based on Flemish Proverbs
Message: Man’s nature is avaracious (greedy)
From Hamlet’s Soliloquy
Internal thoughts spoken out loud
Existential in nature
To be, or not to be, that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? To die, to sleep,No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heart-ache, and the thousand natural shocksThat flesh is heir to: 'tis a consummationDevoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep;To sleep, perchance to dream – ay, there's the rub:For in that sleep of death what dreams may come,When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,Must give us pause – there's the respectThat makes calamity of so long life.
For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,The pangs of disprized love, the law’s delay,The insolence of office…But that the dread of something after death…makes us rather bear those ills we haveThan fly to others that we know not of?
In subsequent presentations, you will learn more about:
Middle-class preferences in the Visual Arts
Distinctions between Northern European and Italian styles
These presentations will prepare you to incorporate the information in the assignments and assessments for the week