Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category...
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Transcript of Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category...
![Page 1: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Week 4
LSP 120
Joanna Deszcz
![Page 2: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts
Very limited useCategory sets must make a whole
XY Graphs or Line GraphsUse with “a lot” of data points
Bar Charts or Column ChartsVery flexibleWork well with limited data Compares more than one series
![Page 3: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pie Charts Only used when have
a quantitative variable associated with a list of categories
Both the categories and the quantities each add up to a whole
Categories must be disjoint – no overlapping
![Page 4: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Most Common Pie Chart Mistakes Use on set of categories that don’t make
a whole Use on categories that overlap Include total in chart data
Let’s try an exampleLeading Causes Of Death Tab
![Page 5: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Creating a Pie Chart Select labels and
values Choose Pie chart type Choose layout
Must include % value, title and labels
Layout 6 does it all
Add the source in a text box
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Labeling the Chart Title should be descriptive
Consider who, what, when and where Percents should be formatted to 2
decimal placesFormat – Data Labels – Numbers –
Percentage – 2 decimal places Source – add in text box
Insert – Text Box – Draw text box on the chart and type in source
If not source give type “Unknown”
![Page 7: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chart Themes
Found on Page Layout Tab Slide mouse over built-in themes
Chart will change to reflect each theme
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The Result…
Flow Theme applied to the chart
![Page 9: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
XY Graphs Used with a lot of
data X-axis categories
are numeric, (often years)
Choose xy graph option with connected data points
![Page 10: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Note: Don’t use the Line Graph Excel line graphs always treat the x-axis
categorically instead of numerically
Causes endless array of mistakes
Use XY (Scatter) graph instead to avoid errors
Let’s try one Lake Michigan Levels Tab
![Page 11: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Creating XY (Line) Graphs Select category
labels and values Choose Scatter
chart optionScatter with straight
lines and markers type
2nd row, 2nd column
Choose design layout 1 from Design tab
![Page 12: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Labeling the Chart
Title should be descriptiveConsider who, what, when and where
Remove the legend from the chartNot needed when there is only one series
Source – add in text boxInsert – Text Box – Draw text box on the
chart and type in sourceIf not source give type “Unknown”
Apply a theme if you wish
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Make Your Chart More Readable XY Graphs often only
take up a small range of values
If all data points located in a central area on the graphAdjust y-axis so
values start at or just below the lowest data point value
•Right-click on y-axis•Choose Format axis•Adjust Minimum value
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The Result…
Solstice Theme applied to this chart
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What’s the Story? XY (Line) Graphs usually tell a story about the data
Analysis should carefully describe what the graph is saying
Start the “story” from the left and move to the right
Be sure to include the high point and the low point as well as anything that is interesting or unexpected
Write a well-written paragraph telling the “story”
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Describing your graph In a paragraph, point out what you want the
reader to know about the graph Examples:
“In the Annual Averages of Lake Michigan/Lake Huron Water Levels chart we find that between 1988 and 1997 water levels in the lakes increased overall. The high point of the lake levels occurred in 1997 when the level was 176.98 meters. However, lake levels took a sharp decline in the following 2 years and reached their low point in 2003 when the level was only 175.89 meters. Since 2003 lake levels have increased slightly but appear to be declining once again.”
![Page 17: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Bar Chart or Column Chart Very flexible Used when a
quantitative variable is associated with the a categorical variable
Work well with limited data
Can compare more than one series
![Page 18: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Note: Be Careful
If you do use a bar chart and have years along the x-axis
Be sure the years are in equal intervals. Otherwise, you can be guilty of creating
a misleading graph
Let’s try one Home Heating Tab
![Page 19: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Creating a Column Chart Select the data
including category labels and values
Choose Column Chart2-D Clustered column
option
Add Titles and axis labelsLayout 9 works well
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Labeling the Chart
Title should be descriptiveConsider who, what, when and where
Both the x-axis and y-axis should be labeled
Source – add in text boxInsert – Text Box – Draw text box on the
chart and type in sourceIf not source give type “Unknown”
Apply a theme if you wish
![Page 21: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Name Each Series in the legend To change names
Click on chart to activate
Click on Design TabUnder Data Group –
choose Select DataData Series labels
appear on leftHighlight label and
click edit button Type new series
name in Edit Series Dialog box
![Page 22: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The Result…
Aspect Theme applied to chart
Source: US Dept of Energy
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Add the other column of data Reselect the data to include all 3
columns
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The New Result
Source: US Dept. of Energy
![Page 25: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Advantages of Multiple Bar Charts Succinctness Can make comparisons within
categories and across categories Best used in printed works
Can be carefully studied
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Disadvantages
Can present too much information to view as part of presentation
Hard to make a single clear point with bar charts
Presenters don’t leave them up long enough to absorb info fully
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Describing a Bar/Column Chart Usually include high and low values in
graph description Not always effective/appropriate with
bar/column charts Include top 2 or 3 values instead Low value may be insignificant
Often describes “Other” categoryNot significant in the “story”
![Page 28: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Guidelines for Creating an Effective Graph1. What is the purpose of making a graph
from this data?
2. What type of graph should you make? Pie, bar, x-y scatter (line)
3. Decide on a title and consider the W's (who, what, where and when)
4. Do you need to include a legend?
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Guideline continued…
5. Add a descriptive x-axis and y-axis label for bar and xy-scatter graphs
6. Add percentages for pie charts, 2 decimal places
7. Adjust the scale for bar and xy-scatter graphs (if applicable)
8. Add source
![Page 30: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Can the Graph Stand Alone? A good graph should be able to stand
alone Without any words to tell the reader what
they are looking at
If the reader doesn't understand the graph without a caption (or story) then the graph isn't very good
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Faulty or Misleading Graphs Data can be displayed "correctly" yet
gives different messages depending on how it is displayed
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Y-axis Scale Effects
Most common way to create a misleading graph
Y-axis scale should begin at 0 Not always the case Can work in favor of the one distributing
the graph
![Page 33: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Bad Chart Examples
What’s wrong with this chart
![Page 34: Week 4 LSP 120 Joanna Deszcz. 3 Types of Graphs used in QR Pie Charts Very limited use Category sets must make a whole XY Graphs or Line Graphs Use.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649d8b5503460f94a72ad3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Another Bad Example – Misleading Graph
Graph appeared in Chicago Tribune and on billboards along the Kennedy Expressway