Week 3 – Socio-Ecological Models and Physical Activity

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Week 3 – Socio- Ecological Models and Physical Activity

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Week 3 – Socio-Ecological Models and Physical Activity . Key Knowledge. 1) Components of the social-ecological models (individual, social environment, physical environment and policy). Understanding the Model. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Week 3 – Socio-Ecological Models and Physical Activity

Page 1: Week 3 – Socio-Ecological Models and Physical Activity

Week 3 – Socio-Ecological Models and Physical Activity

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1) Components of the social-ecological models (individual, social environment, physical environment and policy)

Key Knowledge

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Understanding the ModelModels are used to provide a framework to understand the numerous factors and behaviours that enable or act as barriers to physical activity participation. In the context of physical activity, the term intervention is used to describe a strategy, program or policy that is designed to have an impact on physical activity participation. Models are used to inform intervention development, implementation and evaluation

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Types of Models

Health belief model—Many of these theories highlight the importance of self-efficacy in predicting behaviour change. People with high self-efficacy believe that they are capable of performing in a certain way to achieve set goals. People with low self-efficacy believe that they do not have the power to affect their own performance or outcomes.

Transtheoretical model (stages of change model)—individuals move through stages: first, being either aware or unaware of a problem with their behaviour with no thought to change; second, wanting to change behaviour; third, making imminent plans to change; fourth, exhibiting the new behaviour; and, finally, maintaining the new behaviour over an extended period of time.

1. pre-contemplation 2. contemplation 3. preparation 4. action 5. maintenance 6. termination

Theory of reasoned action/theory of planned behaviour—intentions to engage in activity are a good predictor of future physical activity. Intentions among individuals vary due to the influences of personal attitudes and adherence to social norms.

Smith, D. et al (2006). Live it up 2: VCE Physical Education Units 3 & 4. Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, Q.L.D, Australia.

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Why use a Socio-ecological model?

To chance human behaviour it is very difficult! Human behaviour is influenced by multiple factors, the

socio-ecological model helps to identify opportunities to promote participation in physical activity.

When multiple levels of influence are addressed at the same time, change in behaviour is more likely to be successful and sustained

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Components of the social-ecological model

• Intrapersonal • Perceived Environment• Behaviour: Active Living Domains• Behaviour Settings: Access and Characteristics • Policy Environment

It is these factors that need to be targeted when designing physical activity intervention programs.

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Source: Sallis, et al, (2006). An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annual review of public health. (27): 297-322.

It is these factors that need to be targeted when designing physical activity intervention programs.

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Intrapersonal Demographics Biological Psychological Family Situation knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, beliefs, perceived barriers motivation, enjoyment skills (including fundamental motor skills and sports specific skills) abilities, disabilities or injuries Age Sex level of education socioeconomic status employment status self-efficacy.

Interventions:• Education programs• Support groups• Counseling • Mass media

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Perceived Environment

Safety Attractiveness Comfort Accessibility Convenience Perceived crime

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Behaviour: Active Living Domains

1. Active Recreation2. Active Transport3. Household Activities 4. Occupational Activities

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Behaviour Settings: Access and Characteristics

Active Recreation

Neighborhood – ped /bike facilities, aethetics, traffic safety Recreation Environment – Home PA equipment, park, trails, facilities, programs, community organizations, sports, pro and sedentary options

Active Transport

Neighborhood – walkability, ped / bike facilities, parking, transit, trafficInfo during transport – safety signage, radio ads and news, billboards

Household ActivitiesHousehold Activities

PA equipment, Gardens, Stairs, Electronic entertainment, labor-saving devices Occupational Activities

Workplace environment

Neighborhood walkability, parking, transit access, trail access, building design, stair design, PA facilities and programs

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Policy Environment 1) Active Transport Zoning Codes, development regulations, traffic investments, traffic demand

management, parking regulations

2) Occupational Activities School policies, PE policies and funding, Facility access policies, Facilities budget

3) Household Activities Subsidized equipment, health care policies, zoning codes, home prices, housing-

jobs balance

4) Active Recreation Health care policies and incentives, public recreation investments, park policies,

transport investments

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There are many ways to present this model

Adapted from Sallis, J F & Owen, N 1999, Physical Activity and Behavioural Medicine, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.