Recovery: New Ideasand New Empires

Week 3

Overview

• 1300 – 1600 • China• Indian Ocean Trade• New Empires• The Renaissance• The Age of Exploration• The Reformation

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

• Yuan Dynasty • Red Turban Movement• Zhu Yuanzhang

– “Hongwu” (r. 1368-1398)

• Yongle Emperor (1360-1424)– Forbidden City

• Government• Building Projects

Ming China, 1368 – 1644

The Temple of Heaven, 1420

Ming China and Indian Ocean Trade

India

• Delhi Sultanate• Mughal Empire

– Babur (r.1526-1530)– Akbar (r.1556-1605)

• Recovery• Ming China• Sikhism • Zaminders

– currency• Silver• Portugal

The Mughal Empire

Akbar Hears a PetitionVasco da Gama and the leader of Calicut,

1498

Ottoman Expansion

The Islamic World• The Ottoman Empire (c.1300 –

1918)– Turks– Sunni– Sultan and Caliph– 1453, Constantinople

• Istanbul– Mehmed II (r. 1451–1481)– Topkapi Palace– Government– Janissaries

• Safavid Empire (c. 1300 – 1722)– Safi al-Din (1252-1334)– Ismail (r. 1501-1524)– Shiitism – Shah

Ottoman Turks, Battle of Mohacs, 1526

Safavid Empire

Europe, late 1400s

An Important Marriage, 1469Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile

Kingdom of Spain

• Iberian Peninsula• 1469, Ferdinand of

Aragon (r. 1479-1516) m. Isabella of Castile (r. 1474-1504)

• Policies/Goals• Reconquista• Granada, 1492• Inquisition• France

Reconquista

The Renaissance

• “Rebirth”• Late 1300s – late 1500s• Intellectual Movement

– Art and politics• L’uomo universale

Duomo, Brunelleschi, 1436

Northern Italy• Urban

– City-states– Republics

• Location & Wealth– Trade– Banking

• Ancient Rome

4444444444 [Image 4.6]The Roman Forum

Ruins of the Roman Forum, Rome, Italy

Humanism• Ancient Rome

– Latin– Ancient documents

• Lorenzo Valla (1406 – 1457)– “Donation of Constantine”

• Printing Press• Religion• Politics

– Virtue– Rhetoric– Education– Women– Machiavelli

School of Athens, Raphael, 1510

Humanism

Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)

Early Renaissance

 Enthroned Madonna and Child, 1200s Madonna and Child, Giotto, c.1320

PerspectiveGentile da Fabriano, Pilgrims at the Tomb of St. Nicholas, c.1425

Donatello, Herod’s Feast, c.1425

High Renaissance ArtBellini and Titian, The Feast of the Gods,

1514/1529Agnolo Bronzino, The Holy

Family, c. 1525

The Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Michelangelo, 1508-1512

Davids

Donatello, David, mid-15th Cent Michelangelo, David, 1501-4

Age of Exploration• Zheng He (1371 – 1433)• Why Europe? Why Iberian

Peninsula?• Portugal

– Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460)

– Bartholomew Dias, 1488, Cape of Good Hope

– Afonso d’Alboquerque, Hormuz, 1508• Spain

– Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)• Oct. 12, 1492 – reach Bahamas• 4 voyages

– Magellan’s Voyage (1519 – 1522)– Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, Philippines,

1565• Manila Galleons

Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

Voyages of Zheng He

European Caravel

Chinese Junk

Christopher Columbus, (b.1451- d.1506)Born in Genoa, a major Italian port city.

Copyright © 2013 W. W. Norton & CompanyWORLDS TOGETHER, WORLDS APART, FOURTH EDITION

Spanish Colonization• Conquistadors• Aztec Empire (c.1325 – 1521)

– Montezuma II• Hernan Cortes (1485-1547)

– Mexico, 1519 – 1521 – Dona Marina– Tlaxcalans

• Francisco Pizzaro– Incan Empire, 1533– Atahualpa

• Conversion– Pueblo Revolt, 1680– Missions

Codex Magliabechiano

Aztec and Spanish Soldiers

Spanish and Portuguese Empires

Virgin of Guadalupe

The Columbian Exchange

The Columbian ExchangeOld World New World

Wheat Corn

Sugar cane Cocoa

Horses Potatoes

Cattle Pumpkins

Chickens Tomatoes

Smallpox Peanuts

Bubonic Plauge Syphilis