Week 3 -- An Open World

CS 292: Beyond the One Way Web

Matthew Jett Hall, Spring 2008http://beyondtheonewayweb.wordpress.com

What is Open Source? Philosophy Licensing Operating Systems Applications Application Development Tools

Intellectual PropertyOpen Content Chapter 2 Summary

2CS 292-1: Beyond the One Way Web (beyondtheonewayweb.wordpress.com)

CS 292-1: Beyond the One Way Web (beyondtheonewayweb.wordpress.com) 3

Source Code: Human readable codeCompiled Code: Machine readable

code Software development principle /

philosophy rejects secrecy and centralized control of

creative work in favour of decentralization, transparency, and unrestricted (“open”) sharing of information.

Facilitates extensive peer reviewCS 292-1: Beyond the One Way Web (beyondtheonewayweb.wordpress.com) 4

open source. ( 2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 18, 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9389944

License: to give permission, with or without terms or restrictions, to use a property Commercial Freeware Shareware Public Domain GNU GPL Many variations of the above


Use: the right or limitation of rights to use

Derivative Work: a work based upon another work – is a Mashup a derivative?

Redistribution: act of making a copy and distributing it to others

Attribution: Giving credit to the original author


THE CATHEDRAL

Centralized Secret Slow Hierarchy

THE BAZAAR

Decentralized Transparent Openness Peer review


“Given a sufficiently large number of eyeballs, all [computer] bugs are shallow.”

open source. ( 2008). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 18, 2008, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://search.eb.com/eb/article-256445

OPEN / FREEWARE

Bazaar Free Code is published Uncertain Authorship Motives vary Profit through

products, support and services

May restrict use May restrict derivative

works

CLOSED / COMMERCIAL

Cathedral Not Free Code is held by the

producer Known authorship Generally for profit or

advantage Profit from licensing,

support, and services Probably restricts use Probably restricts

derivative works


Apache ServerLinuxPerlEmacsGCCFirefox


Linus Torvald: University of Helsinki, Finland

Goal Unix operating system for the PC Internet as a means to collaborate on the

project “Linux was the first major Internet-centred

open-source project.“


Source code repositorySource code search engineFacilitates

Aggregation Distribution Collaboration Version Management Project management Bug tracking


Advanced BASIC: simple disk-based BASIC interpreter

written by Microsoft for PC-DOS. It does not run on non-IBM PCs and

even on later IBM models, since those lack the requisite ROM BASIC.

My first interpreter


d. intellectual property (Law), a general name for property (such as patents, trademarks, and copyright material) which is the product of invention or creativity, and which does not exist in a tangible, physical form.

“intellectual property, n.2" The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989. OED Online. Oxford University Press. 4 Apr. 2000 <http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/00181778>.


A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Generally, the term of a new patent is 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed in the United States…

http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/index.html#patent


LZW Patent Information License Information on GIF and

Other LZW-based Technologies Unisys U.S. LZW Patent No. 4,558,302

expired on June 20, 2003, the counterpart patents in the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Italy expired on June 18, 2004, the Japanese counterpart patents expired on June 20, 2004 and the counterpart Canadian patent expired on July 7, 2004.

Source: Unisys Web SiteCS 292-1: Beyond the One Way Web (beyondtheonewayweb.wordpress.com) 24

A trademark is a word, name, symbol, or device that is used in trade with goods to indicate the source of the goods and to distinguish them from the goods of others.…

Scrabble and Facebook…


http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Top_News/2008/01/16/scrabble_facebook_face_off/5061/

http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/index.html#patent

Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of “original works of authorship” including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and unpublished.

The 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to reproduce the copyrighted work, to prepare derivative works, to distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work, to perform the copyrighted work publicly, or to display the copyrighted work publicly. http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/index.html#patent


1998: Amended Copyright Act of 1976 -- Public Law 105–304

“1201. Circumvention of copyright protection systems”

“1203. Civil remedies” Minimum Damage per infringement --

$750 per


“DULUTH, Minnesota -- Jammie Thomas, a single mother of two, was found liable Thursday for copyright infringement in the nation's first file-sharing case to go before a jury.

Twelve jurors here said the Minnesota woman must pay $9,250 for each of 24 shared songs that were the subject of the lawsuit, amounting to $222,000 in penalties. “


http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2007/10/riaa-jury-finds.html

Images.google.com

Open Source / Free Software movements Perceptions and ideas of ownership of

intellectually property Tolerance toward expensive software licenses Willingness of consumers to make digital

copies of content without the owner’s permission thus ignoring licensing

Create greater demands for code transparency


Week 3 -- An Open World

Technology

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