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Cara Dagge( ([email protected]) Office Hours:
Thursday a;er class (<l @ 7pm) – Gilman atrium
Energy &
Global Poli<cs
Fall 2015
Energy
Human Fuel Use (esp. fossil fuels)
Concept / Idea
Energy
Human Fuel Use (esp. fossil fuels)
*Technology*
Concept / Idea
Energy = Virtue/Ac<vity toward the Good Life
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics (mid-‐19c
‘discovery’ of energy)
energeia = Virtue/Ac<vity
Human Fuel Use
Technology
Energy = Poli<cs of Fuel Systems
Energy (history of word/concept)
Energeia (Aristotle) En-‐ (in)
-‐ergon (work) ENERGY (O.E.D.) 1. force or vigor of expression 2. exercise of power, actual working, opera<on, ac<vity 3. vigor or intensity of ac<on (personal quality) 4. power ac<vely and efficiently displayed or exerted 5. ability or capacity to produce an effect 6. PHYSICS: power of ‘doing work’
Energy as Fuel
Energy (as history of fuel and technology)
Thermodynamics (mid-‐19c
‘discovery’ of energy)
energeia = Virtue/Ac<vity
Human Fuel Use
Technology
Energy = Poli<cs of Fuel Systems
Thermodynamics (A Science of Fuel Technologies)
Heat = Work Work = Moving Ma2er Energy = Ability to do work
1) Energy is conserved. (nothing comes from nothing)
2) Entropy increases. (things fall apart; a perfect engine is impossible)
Poli.cal Applica.on: Use energy efficiently (first law) because once ‘used’, it is lost forever (second law)
Energy as Subject of Poli<cs
Energy Virtue/ac<vity Fuel systems
Technology study of machine arts
machines themselves
Machines individual things Sociotechnical systems
Status of machine
inferior to 'Fine Arts'
Technology elevates to Fine
Arts / elite
Progress Incremental;
means to social ends
History as expansion of human power over nature
CHANGES IN THE 19c
Complex Sociotechnical
Systems Technology Energy +
Hazards of Technology concept (Leo Marx)
• Reifica<on – “By consigning technologies to the realm of things, this well-‐
established iconography distracts a(en<on from the human—socioeconomic and poli<cal—rela<ons which largely determine who uses them and for what purposes.” (Marx 576)
• Agency – “As compared with other means of reaching our social goals, the
technological has come to seem the most feasible, prac<cal, and economically viable. It relieves the ci<zenry of onerous decision-‐making obliga<ons and intensifies their gathering sense of poli<cal impotence.” (Marx 577)
Energy systems “create the structures that underlie
personal expecta<ons and assump<ons about what is
normal and possible. … These assump<ons together form the
habitual percep<on of a sustaining environment that is taken for granted as always already there. Yet this ground of historical experience is
constantly shi;ing, some<mes slowly and impercep<bly during one genera<on and suddenly in the next.”
-‐ David Nye, Consuming Power (p. 7)
Energy (as history of fuel and technology)
Technical Ar<facts
Human social and power rela<ons
Technological Determinism
Social construc<on of Technological Systems
Technological Change