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MODULE ONE: CHAPTER ONE

Subjects and Verbs

© 2012 A Graves, ENGL 1033-60 College Reading & Writing

OBJECTIVESAfter completing this presentation and the assigned chapter practice sheets and exercises, you should be

able to1. Identify verbs, nouns, and pronouns in

sentences 2. Understand that a noun phrase one and the subject of a sentence are the same thing

4. Find the subject and verb of any sentence5. Understand that a group of words must

have a subject and a verb to be a sentence

3. Understand that a noun phrase may be one word or many words

To successfully

complete this module, you

must understand these terms

CHAPTER ONE

VERB

PRONOUN

NOUN

Verbs Can Be One Word or a

Group of Words

1. Verbs are the most important part of a sentence

a) Verbs tell what something is , what something is doing, or what has happened to something

b) Verbs can be combined to form verb phrases or they may be a single word. All of these are verbs:

have been giving would have borrowed may start could be going didn’t mean were singing has danced am planning had been driving seemedmarries thought returns came went study slept

Verbs Are Usually in the Middle1. The bumper on the front of that truck is rusty.

2. It has been rattling noisily.

3. Somebody really needs a new bumper.

4. My truck should have a new bumper.

VERBS IN SENTENCES

VERB

You can count jobs (one job,

two jobs) but you cannot count courage (one courage, two courages) or music (one music, two

musics)

2. Nouns always answer the question “Who?” or “What?”

a) Most nouns are count nouns: They can be made plural.

b) Some nouns are noncount nouns. They cannot be plural.

c) Some nouns are proper nouns. They are names.

COUNT NOUNS NONCOUNT NOUNS PROPER NOUNS job gratitude Dr. Graves university education Jonathan White application courage Lakeland, Florida mortgage butter Southeastern University risk music Department of English

Nouns

Single count nouns must have a determiner, a special class of words that introduces them.

Other words may come between the determiner and the single count noun, but the determiner must be present to introduce the count noun

DETERMINER DETERMINER + COUNT NOUN

my my favorite uncle that that miserable dog some some office job one one more textbook the the last class a a very pretty girl an an odd little person

Pronouns

3. Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns.

a) Personal pronouns substitute for known people or things.

Examples: my favorite uncle = he that miserable dog = it

b) Demonstrative pronouns substitute for nouns being pointed out.

Examples: the gloves over there = those the flowers over here = these

c) Indefinite pronouns substitute for unknown people or things.

Examples: the person who did something = somebody one of several possible people = anyone

d) Possessive pronouns substitute for things owned by someone.

Examples: your slice of cake = yours my slice of cake = mine

Nouns Have Determiners, Pronouns

Do Not

1. The bumper on the front of that truck is rusty.

2. It has been rattling noisily.

3. Somebody really needs a new bumper.

4. My truck should have a new bumper.

NOUNS & PRONOUNS IN SENTENCES

PRONOUN

NOUN

If It Does Not Have a

Noun Phrase Followed by

a Verb, It Cannot Be a

Sentence

CHAPTER ONE

4. A sentence is made with a noun phrase and

a verb.

a) The noun phrase comes first.

b) The noun phrase can be a noun or a pronoun.

c) The noun phrase can be one word or a group

of words.

d) The noun phrase must be followed by a verb.

e) The verb can be one word or a group of

words.

The Subject is the first

Noun Phrase that Starts

the Sentence

CHAPTER ONEKinds of Noun Phrases Used to Make Sentences

Noun Phrases made from one word

Personal pronouns: he, she, it Indefinite pronouns: somebody Demonstrative pronouns: that, this Possessive pronouns: mine, theirs, his Plural count nouns: applications, days, guesses Noncount nouns: steel, education, sugar Proper nouns: Tom, England, Tallahassee

Noun Phrases made from a group of words

Single count nouns with determiners: my favorite uncle Plural count nouns with determiners: those miserable

dogs Proper nouns: the Department of English & Foreign

Languages

The Subject Comes First,

Then the Verb

CHAPTER ONE

The first noun phrase (NP1) in a sentence is called a

subject

1. Gentlemen prefer blondes.

2. Theirs is the best response to the problem.

3. Nobody wanted to come with me.

4. Ten soldiers make a squadron.

5. His last offer was the best.

6. Music should be the language of peace.

NP1 = subject NP1 = Noun Phrase One

The Subject Comes First,

Then the Verb

CHAPTER ONE

The Noun Phrase One (NP1) or subject is followed by

the verb.

1. Gentlemen prefer blondes.

2. Theirs is the best response to the problem.

3. Nobody wanted to come with me.

4. Ten soldiers make a squadron.

5. His last offer was the best.

6. Music should be the language of peace.

VERB

NP1=subject

Subject Verb

Look for the Group of

Words that is the

Subject

CHAPTER ONE

Study the sentences below. What words are inside the

subject?

1. Each of the students in my classes were

nervous.

2. No one ever laughs at my jokes.

3. James tripped on that rock in the middle of the

road.

4. My brother, with a little help from me, bought a

new car.

5. The mouth of the river opens into beautiful

lake.

6. The effects of the storm appear everywhere on

campus.

VERB

NP1=subject

Subject Verb

The Subject of a

Sentence May Contain Many Nouns & Pronouns

CHAPTER ONE

Study the sentences below. How many nouns or pronouns are inside each subject?

Subject Verb Noun Pronoun

1. Each of the students in my classes were

nervous.

2. No one ever laughs at my jokes.

3. James tripped on that rock in the middle of the

road.

4. My brother, with a little help from me, bought a

new car.

5. The mouth of the river opens into a beautiful

lake.

6. The effects of the storm appear everywhere on

campus.

VERB

NP1=subject

NOUN PRONOUN

2 1

1

1

1

1

1

3

3

2

2

2

Noun Phrases Don’t

Appear Only in the

Subject

CHAPTER ONE

How many nouns and pronouns are in the whole sentence?

Subject Verb Noun Pronoun

1. Each of the students in my classes were

nervous.

2. No one ever laughs at my jokes.

3. James tripped on that rock in the middle of the

road.

4. My brother, with a little help from me, bought a

new car.

5. The mouth of the river opens into a beautiful

lake.

6. The effects of the storm appear everywhere on

campus.

VERB

NP1 = subject

NOUN PRONOUN

1

2

1

3

1

4 1 3

1 3

2

3

1

2

4

2 3

2

2

Subject Comes

Before Verb

CHAPTER ONE

For each sentence below, find the verb first.Then find the subject.

Subject Verb

1. Finally, the occupants of the offices moved into

the building.

2. The rest of the family discussed our report around

the table.

3. My little sister, all of eleven years old, paid attention

to our talk.

4. Sometimes our stories would carry into the late

evening hours.

5. My sister carefully recorded all the details from our

discussions.

6. On that day, the door to an entire career

opened for her.

VERB

NP1=subject

Subject First, Then Verb

CHAPTER ONE

For each sentence below, find the verb and the subject.

Then find the nouns & pronouns inside each subject.

Subject Verb Noun Pronoun

1. Finally, the occupants of the offices moved into

the building.

2. The rest of the family discussed our report around

the table.

3. My little sister, all of eleven years old, paid attention

to our talk.

4. Sometimes our stories would carry into the late

evening hours.

5. My sister carefully recorded all the details from our

discussions.

6. On that day, the door to an entire career

opened for her.

VERB

NP1=subject

NOUN PRONOUN

1 2

1 2

1 2 3

1

1

1 2

When Verbs Come First

CHAPTER ONE

The subject usually comes before the verb.But sometimes the subject comes after the verb.

Look at the sentences below. Watch for the subjects.

Subject Verb

1. There was no movement outside the house.

2. Here comes the rest of our group.

3. Behind our house stood an old garage.

4. Under the table was sitting a large black cat.

NP1=subject VERB

When Verbs Come First

CHAPTER ONE

If these sentences were written in the “proper” order, they would look like this:

Subject Verb

1. No movement was outside the house.

2. The rest of our group comes here.

3. An old garage stood behind our house.

4. A large black cat was sitting under the table.

NP1=subject VERB

Writers change the order of subjects and verbs to make their sentences more interesting.

Words like there and here help us do that.

HiddenVerbs

CHAPTER ONE

Sometimes the verb of a sentence will “hide” in the subject in a contraction.

A contraction combines the subject and verb.

Subject Verb

1. I’m proud of my little sister.I am proud of my little sister.

2. It’s a surprise for his favorite uncle.It is a surprise for his favorite uncle.

3. They’re some old friends from high school.They are some old friends from high school.

4. You’ve got a lot of nerve!You have got a lot of nerve!

NP1=subject VERB

CHAPTER ONE REVIEWSubjects and Verbs

As you complete Practice Sheet 1, pp. 5-6, and Exercise 1, pp. 7-8, in your textbook, English Fundamentals, you will need to remember these things:

1. English sentences begin with a noun phrase called a subject.

2. The subject can be one word or many words and have more than one noun and/or pronoun in it *

5. Sometimes writers put the verb first and the subject after the verb to make their sentences more interesting. * In Exercise 1, pp. 7-8, make sure you copy all of the words in the

subject. Do not choose just the main word in the subject, even though the text does so.

3. Other words can come before the subject, like “finally” or “sometimes” or “Then at dinner”

4. The verb almost always comes after the subject.