Weed Control in Cotton - Wayne County Center | North Carolina
Transcript of Weed Control in Cotton - Wayne County Center | North Carolina
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Weed Control in Cotton
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Glyphosate-
Resistant Weeds
in NC
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Horseweed Control in No-Till Cotton•Focus on effective burndown program.•RRF cotton: Only in-crop option is Libertyunder hood•LL or WRF cotton: Can use Liberty overtop
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Burndown Programs for
Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed
Two components of burndown program:
1. Something to kill emerged horseweed*
2. Something to give residual control
Programs:
Glyphosate + Clarity (1/2 pt)** + Valor
Glyphosate + 2,4-D (2 pt)** + Valor
*Best if applied while weed still in rosette state (top picture )**Waiting intervals required
Clarity: 21 days + rain (cotton)
2,4-D: 30 days (cotton)
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GR Horseweed
Roundup at burndown
Roundup + 2 pt 2,4-D
+ 2 oz Valor
at burndown
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Roundup + Sharpen, burndown onglyphosate-resistant horseweed.
42-day waiting period for cotton.
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Glyphosate-resistant
common ragweed
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Controlling Glyphosate-ResistantCommon Ragweed in Cotton
1. Residual herbicide Preplant or PRE
Cotoran E Direx G Prowl NReflex G Staple NValor G
2. POST overtop options limited
Ignite E Envoke G Staple P(must be small, < 2”)
3. Many POST-directed options
Caparol + MSMA E Cotoran + MSMA GECobra + MSMA E Valor + MSMA GEDirex + MSMA ELayby Pro + MSMA ESuprend + MSMA E
* Include Gramoxone at planting in no-till systems.
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PALMER AMARANTH SURVEY, FALL 2010
Visited 242 sites.No Palmer at some sites.
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PALMER AMARANTH SURVEY, FALL 2010
Sampled 242 sites.131 sites (54%) had Palmer amaranth98.5% of Palmer amaranth sampled was glyphosate -resistant.
Glyphosate-resistant
Glyphosate-susceptible
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2006
Cotton growers have adopted managementprograms
2011
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Why is seed bankmanagement
critical?
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Biology of Palmer Amaranth
• Prolific seed production
− 450,000 seed/plant grown in competition with
cotton (Sosnoskie and Culpepper, UGA)
– Equivalent to 10 seed/ft 2 if evenly distributed
over an acre
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How can we reduce seed bank?
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Impact of Crop Rotation and Good Control in Rotational Crop(whole field in soybean in 2009; all treated alike in 2009)
Carthage, NC 2009
Soybean2008
Tobacco2008
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Loss in viability of buried Palmer amaranth seed.Univ. Georgia.*
• Data averaged over two biotypes, two collection/start years, and four burial depths.Webster, Sosnoskie, and Culpepper.
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Untreated Treated
POST-Harvest Palmer Amaranth Control
Wayne Co., 2011
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What should a grower do concerning variety selectionand resistant Palmer amaranth?
• Variety (and trait) selection will be a key decision for growers .
• In fields heavily infested with glyphosate -resistant Palmer, aLiberty-tolerant variety (LL or WRF) is the best option,assuming good management.
• For other fields, where Palmer is not so bad, variety selectionshould be based on agronomic performance rather thanherbicide tolerance per se. RRF, WRF, or LL are all options.
• Carefully study variety performance data. Look at all the datayou can find.
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Order of Discussion•Palmer management in RRF cotton•Palmer management in LL or WRF cotton
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GR Palmer Amaranth Control in RR CottonSoutheast US Recommendations
• Aggressive Preplant and/or PRE herbicide program.
Get it PRE or you don’t get it. No salvage POST
options in RR cotton.
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Strong Pre
Powermax + Dual Magnum POST-1
Powermax POST-2
Weak PRE
Powermax + Dual Magnum POST-1
Powermax POST 2
Wayne Co., 2010
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Hedging Against Lack of Timely Rain on PRE Herbicides:Palmer Amaranth in Cotton
• In conventional tillage, incorporate a yellow herbicide.
• In no-till cotton, put residual with preplant burndown.
Paraquat + another residual at planting.
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Preplant/PRE herbicides for Palmer amaranth
in Cotton
Preplant PPI
no-till conv. till PRE
Valor Treflan Cotoran Diuron + Staple
Diuron Prowl Diuron Reflex + Staple
Reflex Reflex + Cotoran
Staple Reflex + diuron
Prowl Prowl + Reflex
Prowl + Cotoran
Prowl + diuron
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Palmer amaranth control by PRE herbicides; 40 days*
0 20 40 60 80 100
Cotoran
Prowl
Valor**
Diuron
Caparol
Reflex
% control
* Average of 5 locations; 2 in GA, 3 in NC. No other herbicid es included.** Applied same time as the PRE herbicides.
Staple (ALS susceptible)
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What happened here?
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• Aggressive Preplant and/or PRE herbicide program
• Dual Magnum or Warrant early POST
GR Palmer Amaranth Control in RR CottonSoutheast US Recommendations
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Cotton injury by Dual Magnum vs Warrant POST*.7-15 days. Avg. 12 trials, 2010 -2011.
*Some trials with RRF, some with WRF, some with LL.
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Palmer amaranth control by Dual vs Warrant POST*.15-21 days.** Avg. 12 trials, 2010 -2011.
*Some trials with RRF, some with WRF, some with LL.** Evaluated before the next application.
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• Avoid cotton in badly infested fields
• Aggressive Preplant and/or PRE herbicide program
• Dual Magnum or Warrant early POST
• Residual lay-by
GR Palmer Amaranth Control in RR CottonSoutheast US Recommendations
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No Non-residual Residuallay-by lay-by lay-by
All plots with three overtop applications of Ignite, no PRE
Wayne Co. 2011
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Residual lay-by options for cotton*
Caparol Diuron
Suprend Reflex**
Layby Pro Valor***
Cotoran
* Follow height restrictions and rotationalrestrictions. Mix with MSMA or glyphosate.
** Max of 1.5 pt/year from all applications.
*** Max of 2 oz/year from all applications.
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• Aggressive Preplant and/or PRE herbicide program
• Dual Magnum or Warrant early POST
• Residual lay-by
• Goal is to have overlapping residuals
GR Palmer Amaranth Control in RR CottonSoutheast US Recommendations
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Preplant
Preemergence
Residual POST
Residual Lay-by
Overlapping Residuals
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Impacts of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds
• Return to residual herbicidesPRE, POST overtop, layby
• Return to hooded sprayers
• Hand weeding
• Shift to glufosinate-tolerant varieties
• Less no-till, more cultivation (not in NC)
• Increased costs
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1
69
52
26
16
67
11
6634
38
16
1812
1617
39
Percent of 2011 Cotton Crop Planted toGlufosinate-Tolerant Varieties
USDA Agricultural Marketing Service
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Liberty-based programs
~ emphases on Palmer~ emphases on resistance
management
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• Aggressive Preplant and/or PRE program
–Better control
–More flexibility in timing of first Ignite
application
Palmer Amaranth management inIgnite-tolerant Cotton
Palmer Amaranth managementwith Liberty-based programs
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• Timing is critical!! 3 to 4 inches forconsistent control of Amaranthus species.Good preplant/PRE program gives some flexibility in timing.
4” in 52hrs
Weed Management inGlufosinate-Tolerant Cotton
Culpepper
From Ignite 280 label:
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This is not a 4-inch pigweed!
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• Aggressive Preplant and/or PRE program
–Better control
–More flexibility in timing of first Igniteapplication
–Critical for resistance management
Palmer Amaranth management inIgnite-tolerant Cotton
Palmer Amaranth managementwith Ignite-based programs
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Palmer Amaranth Management Systems in No -Till Glytol/LLCotton**% Palmer amaranth control
At time of 2 wk after 2 wk after Late
PRE POST 1 POST 2 POST 1 POST 2 Layby SeasonNone Rup Rup 0 68 63 41
Reflex/Direx
Rup Rup 98 89 89 86
None Liberty Liberty 0 88 91 87
Reflex/Direx
Liberty Liberty 98 99 99 98
* Data averaged over two locations (Rocky Mt. and Mt. Olive) in 2011.All treatments included Roundup + 2,4 -D preplant; Gramoxone at planting;Suprend + MSMA layby.
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Palmer Amaranth Management Systems in No -Till Glytol/LLCotton**% Palmer amaranth control
At time of 2 wk after 2 wk after Late
PRE POST 1 POST 2 POST 1 POST 2 Layby SeasonNone Rup Rup 0 68 63 41
Reflex/Direx
Rup Rup 98 89 89 86
None Liberty Liberty 0 88 91 87
Reflex/Direx
Liberty Liberty 98 99 99 98
* Data averaged over two locations (Rocky Mt. and Mt. Olive) in 2011.All treatments included Roundup + 2,4 -D preplant; Gramoxone at planting;Suprend + MSMA layby.
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• Avoid cotton in badly infested fields
• Aggressive Preplant and/or PRE program
• Dual Magnum with first POST of Liberty
(Warrant/Liberty mixes not on either label)
Palmer Amaranth management inIgnite-tolerant Cotton
Palmer Amaranth managementwith Ignite-based programs
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Palmer Amaranth Management Systems in No -Till Glytol/LLCotton**% Palmer amaranth control
At time of 2 wk after 2 wk after Late
PRE POST 1 POST 2 POST 1 POST 2 Layby SeasonNone Rup Rup 0 68 63 41
Reflex/Direx
Rup Rup 98 89 89 86
None Liberty Liberty 0 88 91 87
Reflex/Direx
Liberty Liberty 98 99 99 98
* Data averaged over two locations (Rocky Mt. and Mt. Olive) in 2011.All treatments included Roundup + 2,4 -D preplant; Gramoxone at planting;Suprend + MSMA layby.
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• Avoid cotton in badly infested fields
• Aggressive Preplant and/or PRE program
• Dual Magnum with first POST of Ignite
• Residual lay-by
Palmer Amaranth managementwith Ignite-based programs
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Untreated Paraquat burndown
Prowl + Reflex PRE
Ignite + Dual Magnum POST 1
Ignite POST 2
DIrex + MSMA laybyWayne Co., 2009
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Weed Resistance to Liberty:
Will it happen?
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Weed Resistance to Liberty:
Should we be concerned?
No silver bullets on horizon
Liberty will play significantrole in future programs
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Liberty-Based Weed Management:Use it Wisely
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Resistance Management with Liberty:•Use preplant and/or PRE herbicides
•Use residual layby herbicides
•Consider Dual Magnum POST
•Start clean
•Very timely Liberty application
•Limit to two Liberty applications/year
•Shoot your neighbor if he abuses Liberty
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Questions?