Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South...

Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia

Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia ii

WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA

Acknowledgements

Compiled by

NRM Biosecurity

Disclaimer

CONTENTS

INDEX TO RECOMMENDED HERBICIDES FOR DECLARED PLANTS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA _____________ 01

ABOUT THIS BOOK _________________________________ 03

THE PLANTS INCLUDED IN THIS BOOK ____________________ 04

HERBICIDE USE ____________________________________ 06

WEED CONTROL METHODS ___________________________ 12

Non-herbicide control methods ___________________ 13

Herbicide control methods _______________________ 15

RECOMMENDED HERBICIDES FOR DECLARED PLANTS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA _____________ 17

REFERENCES _____________________________________ 97

USEFUL WEBSITES _________________________________ 97

IMAGE CREDITS ___________________________________ 98

Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia 01

African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) WoNS _______________________ 18

African feathergrass (Pennisetum macrourum) ________________________ 19

African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) ______________________________ 20

African rue (Peganum harmala) __________________________________ 22

Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) __________________________________ 22

Alkali sida (Malvella leprosa) ____________________________________ 23

Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) AW _____________________________23

Athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) WoNS ________________________________ 24

Azarola (Crataegus sinaica) _____________________________________ 25

Bathurst burr (Xanthium spinosum) ________________________________ 26

Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) WoNS _________________________ 27

Bifora (Bifora testiculata) _______________________________________ 28

Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus sp. agg) WoNS _________________________ 28

Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris) _________________________________ 30

Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) WoNS _______________________ 31

Bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) WoNS _______________________ 32

Bridal veil (Asparagus declinatus) WoNS ____________________________ 33

Broad-kernel espartillo (Amelichloa caudata) AW_______________________ 34

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp. – O.ramosa, O. cerbua var cernua, O. aegyptiaca, O. minor) AW _____________________ 35

Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) ___________________________________ 36

Bulbil watsonia (Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera) _____________________ 37

Cacti (Prickly pear/ Wheel cactus and other Opuntia spp. – except O. ficus-indica) WoNS ___________________________________ 38

Calomba daisy (Oncosiphon suffruticosum) __________________________ 39

Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris) ______________________________________ 40

Cane needlegrass (Nassella hyalina) AW ____________________________ 41

Cape broom (Genista monspessulana) _____________________________ 42

Cape tulip (one and two leafed) (Moraea flaccida and Moraea miniata) _______ 43

Cat’s claw creeper (Dolichandra unguis-cati) WoNS _____________________ 44

Chilean needlegrass (Nassella neesiana) WoNS _______________________ 45

Common lantana (Lantana camara) WoNS ___________________________ 46

Coolatai grass (Hyparrhenia hirta) _________________________________ 47

Creeping knapweed (Rhaponticum repens) ___________________________ 48

Cutleaf mignonette (Reseda lutea) ________________________________ 49

Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) AW ______________________________________ 50

Dog rose (Rosa canina) ________________________________________ 51

English/Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) WoNS _______________________ 52

Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spictum) AW ______________________ 53

False caper (Euphorbia terracina) _________________________________ 53

Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) ______________________________ 54

Field garlic (Allium vineale) ______________________________________ 55

Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) WoNS _________________________ 55

Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) WoNS __________________________ 56

Gorse (Ulex europaeus) WoNS ___________________________________ 56

Hoary cress (Cardaria draba) ____________________________________ 57

Horehound (Marrubium vulgare) __________________________________ 59

Horsetail (Equisetum spp.) AW ___________________________________ 60

Innocent weed (Cenchrus incertus and C. longispinus) ___________________ 61

Khaki weed (Alternanthera pungens) _______________________________ 62

Lagarosiphon (Lagarosiphon major) AW _____________________________ 62

Leafy elodea (Egeria densa) AW __________________________________ 63

Lincoln weed (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) ________________________________ 63

Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) WoNS ____________________________ 64

May or hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) ____________________________ 65

Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) WoNS AW ________________________________ 65

INDEX TO RECOMMENDED HERBICIDES FOR DECLARED PLANTS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA

WoNS – Weed of National Significance

AW – Alert Weed


Mexican feathergrass (Nassella tenuissima) AW _______________________ 66

Muskweed (Myagrum perfoliatum) ________________________________ 67

Noogoora burr complex (Xanthium strumarium sp. agg.) _________________ 67

Nutgrass or sedge nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus) _______________________ 70

Olive (Olea europaea) – excluding cultivated trees ______________________ 70

Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) WoNS AW ________________________ 71

Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) AW __________________________ 72

Perennial ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) ________________________________ 72

Perennial thistle (Cirsium arvense) ________________________________ 73

Pheasant’s eye (Adonis microcarpa) _______________________________ 74

Pink pampas grass (Cortaderia jubata) ______________________________ 74

Plumerillo (Jarava plumosa) AW __________________________________ 75

Poison buttercup (Ranunculus sceleratus) ___________________________ 76

Primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) AW ____________________________ 77

Sagittaria (arrowhead) (Sagittaria graminea) WoNS _____________________ 78

Salvation Jane (Echium plantagineum) ______________________________ 78

Salvinia (Salvinia spp.) WoNS AW _________________________________ 80

Senegal tea plant (Gymnocoronis spilanthoides) AW ____________________ 80

Serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) AW ___________________________ 81

Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) WoNS ___________________ 82

Skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea) _________________________________ 83

Slender thistle (Carduus tenuiflorus) _______________________________ 84

Soldier thistle (Picnomon acarna) _________________________________ 84

Soursob (Oxalis pes-caprae) _____________________________________ 85

Spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare) ___________________________________ 86

Sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa) ____________________________________ 87

Texas needlegrass (Nassella leucotricha) ____________________________ 88

Three corner jack (Emex australis) _________________________________ 89

Three cornered garlic (Allium triquetrum) ____________________________ 89

Three-horned bedstraw (Galium tricornutum) _________________________ 90

Toetoe (Cortaderia richardii) AW __________________________________ 90

Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum) ______________________________ 91

Water caltrop (Trapa natans) AW __________________________________ 92

Water dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides) ___________________________ 93

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) WoNS AW _______________________ 93

Water soldier (Stratiotes aloides) AW _______________________________ 94

Wild artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) _______________________________ 94

Willows (Salix spp.) WoNS ______________________________________ 95

Yellow burrweed (Amsinckia spp.) _________________________________ 96


This book provides information on how to control South Australia’s declared plants. The first section of the book provides information regarding declared plants, weed control methods and the important legal, environmental and OHW&S considerations when using herbicides for weed control.

The second section is a table of recommended herbicide options, rates and application methods for South Australia’s declared plants. These recommendations were compiled with assistance from people with experience in controlling South Australia’s declared plants including Natural Resource Management Officers, bush regenerators and agronomists. Various resources were also drawn upon including fact sheets, interstate weed control guides and herbicide labels and permits.

The recommendation table lists plants in alphabetical order by their common name. Herbicide active ingredients(s) are then listed in alphabetical order for each plant along with the recommended application rate, method and timing; the herbicides mode of action and general comments regarding the recommendation. Note that one example product name has been included for each herbicide, there are often several products for the same herbicide and users should shop around for the best product with the correct active ingredient(s).

All herbicide recommendations listed in the table are registered or permitted for use by the Agricultural Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA). Users should refer to the label or permit for specific details about the situation within which the herbicide can be used. In the recommendation table registered uses are labelled ‘registered’ and permit numbers (e.g. PER 1234) are provided for permitted uses.

IMPORTANT: The herbicide recommendations provided in this book should be considered a guide only and users of agricultural chemical products must always READ THE LABEL before using a product and strictly comply with the directions on the label and/or conditions of any permit.

ABOUT THIS BOOK


Declared plantsDeclared plants are plants that are regulated under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004 due to their weed threat to South Australia’s primary industries, natural environments and public safety. The Minister for Sustainability, Environment and Natural Resources may declare a weed when some of the powers of the Act are needed to implement the regional NRM Boards’ strategic plans to manage the weed. Plant species are declared under various provisions of the Act relating to:

Movement – The declared plant must not be moved on a public road (e.g. as a cutting, seed or potted specimen). Inadvertent movement of the plant on animals, soil, vehicles, machinery or produce may also be prohibited.

Sale – The declared plant must not be sold at any outlet including nurseries, pet shops and market stalls. Sale of any animal, soil, vehicle, machinery or produce contaminated with the plant may also be prohibited.

Notification – The presence and locations of the declared plant must be reported to the local NRM Board by the owner of the land.

Control – Landowners are required to take action to destroy or control certain declared plant species present on their property. NRM Boards are also responsible for controlling these declared plants on road reserves, and may have the power to recover costs of control from the adjoining landowners.

Some or all of these provisions apply to each declared plant depending on the region where the plant occurs.

Land owners, including the Crown, are responsible for the control of declared weeds on their own land. The NRM Boards are responsible for co-ordinating weed control in each region; they are also responsible for controlling declared weeds on road reserves, and may recover the costs of this work from the owners of adjoining land. Local Councils are responsible for all other weed control work on road reserves.

The responsibilities of land owners and others also include preventing the inadvertent movement of declared plants on livestock, soil, vehicles, machinery or produce.

THE PLANTS INCLUDED IN THIS BOOK


Weeds of National Significance (WoNS)Included in South Australian declared plant list are relevant Weeds of National Significant (WoNS). WoNS have been identified as national threats due to their invasiveness, economic and environmental impacts. These weeds are denoted as ‘WoNS’ in the recommendation table.

Alert WeedsAlert weeds are also included in South Australia’s declared plant list. Alert Weeds are high threat species that, should they enter the state, have the potential to invade and cause significant economic and environmental impacts. All people should be on the lookout and report Alert Weeds to their local NRM Authority. Alert weeds may also be WoNS weeds. These weeds are denoted with ‘AW’ in the recommendation table.

Importance of Early InterventionAll weed management has costs, and these are paid by the community. Weed management benefits the community in terms of production and asset protection.

Prevention of entry is the most cost-effective form of weed control; eradication of a new introduction is also good value. Containment may have worthwhile returns on investment when a weed with high impacts is still absent from vulnerable lands.

After this stage, decisions on control effort are made by land managers according to value of the asset and the impact of the weed.

Weed absent

Small number of localised populations

Rapid increase in distribution and

abundance, many populations

Weed widespread and abundant throughout its potential range

Time

Area

occ

upie

d

Entr

y of

w

eed

Economic returns

1:100Prevention

1:25Eradication

1:5-10Containment

1:1-5Asset based protection

Asset based protection

Containment

Eradication

PreventionBased on information from Invasive Plants and Animals Policy Framework, Department of Primary Industries Victoria, www.dpi.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/protecting-victoria-pest-animals-weeds/invasive-plants-animal-policy


HERBICIDE USEHerbicide registrationAgricultural chemical products must be registered by the Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) in accordance with the Agricultural and Veterinary Code Act 1994 (AGVET code) and the Agricultural & Veterinary Chemicals Administration Act 1994. In South Australia the main legislation controlling the use of agricultural and commercial pesticides is the Agricultural and Veterinary Products (Control of Use) Act 2002 (AGVET Control of Use Act) and the Agricultural and Veterinary Products (Control of Use) Regulations 2004 (AGVET Control of Use Regulations). This legislation is administered and enforced by PIRSA.

Registered products have labels that provide instructions on safety, use and disposal as well as identifying the active constituents and other ingredients of the product. Labels also outline the pests, crops and situations where the herbicide may be applied. In certain situations the APVMA may issue a minor use permit for use of a herbicide in a situation not specified on the label. Permits need to be applied for and will have specific conditions and expiry dates that must be adhered to.

Following label or permit instructions ensures that herbicides are used effectively and do not have a negative impact on the environment, health, safety and trade. It is an offense to use unregistered pesticides unless you have a permit. To search for registered and permitted products visit the APVMA on line database at: services.apvma.gov.au/PubcrisWebClient/welcome.do

The use of herbicides in a manner that varies from the label instructions is called off-label use. In South Australia limited off-label use is allowed for activities deemed low risk. In these situations:

You may use a pesticide at less than the label rate of application.

You may use a pesticide less frequently than advised on the label.

You may use a pesticide to treat a pest not mentioned on the label as long as the crop is specified and you follow all other label conditions.

If there are no instructions for the use of the product on a crop in South Australia, then the product may be used on that crop if it is listed for another state. The product must not be used at a higher rate or frequency than listed for the crop in the other state, and must not be used if the label specifies that it is not for use in South Australia.

Herbicide toxicityMany herbicides are hazardous chemicals toxic to humans and other living things and their inappropriate use can cause harm. Where possible choose herbicides with a low toxicity to humans and animals. The degree of toxicity of a herbicide is outlined on the label as a poison schedule. Poison scheduling is the national system used to classify substances based on their potential health risks.

When using herbicides personal protection equipment (PPE) must always be worn to avoid contact with and absorption into the body. The degree of PPE required may depend on the application method and the herbicide’s toxicity; however, users should always wear:

PVC or nitrile gloves,

eye protection,

a respirator (with a filter appropriate to the level of toxicity), and

clothes, a hat and boots that cover the whole body.

For higher risk herbicides more PPE and additional precautions may apply, including wearing a full face respirator and chemical resistant overalls.


HERBICIDE POISON SCHEDULING

SIGNAL HEADING SCHEDULE DEGREE OF HAZARD

No signal heading required;‘Keep out of the reach of children’ only

UnscheduledLow toxicityNot considered poisons however they may be capable of causing minor adverse effects to human beings in normal use.

‘Caution’ Schedule 5Slight degree of hazardHave a low toxicity or a low concentration and pose a low to moderate hazard. They are capable of causing only minor adverse effects to human beings in normal use and require caution in handling, storage or use.

‘Poison’ Schedule 6Moderate degree of hazardHave a moderate to high toxicity which may cause death or severe injury if they are ingested, inhaled or come in contact with the skin or eyes.

‘Dangerous Poison’ Schedule 7High degree of hazardHave a high to extremely high toxicity which can cause death or severe injury at low exposures. They require special precautions in their manufacture, handling or use and are too hazardous for domestic use or use by untrained persons.

By law, Schedule 7 chemicals must not be sold to or be used by persons who have not completed appropriate training (e.g. ChemCert or equivalent) and shall not be used in domestic settings.

Herbicide spray driftSpray drift of fine spray droplets away from the target area can cause off-target damage to plants, aquatic environments and humans. All herbicides are capable of drift; however the extent and damage caused by the drift will depend on the amount of drift, type of herbicide used and the susceptibility of the non-target plants and animals.

All users have a moral and legal responsibility to prevent herbicides (and other pesticides) from drifting and contaminating or damaging neighboring properties and off-target species.

Spray drift can result in chemical trespass, the term used to describe the trespass of chemicals to off-target properties, crops or the environment that causes:

Actual or potential contamination of land, animals or plants outside the target area.

Actual or potential harm to human health and safety (within or outside the target area).

Actual or potential environmental harm (within or outside the target area).

Chemical trespasses are reported to Biosecurity SA who will trigger an investigation and appropriate response to the incident. Penalties can apply.


How to avoid spray drift and chemical trespassWhere possible choose herbicides that are selective to the weed, are the least toxic to humans, animals and the environment, and pose the least threat to surrounding off target plants.

Prior to spraying:

Check for nearby sensitive areas such as houses, schools, riparian (waterway) areas and susceptible crops/ pastures,

Notify neighbours of planned herbicide treatments,

Check the anticipated weather conditions and do not spray if windy, still, humid or hot conditions are forecast during spray activities, and

Read and follow the label drift reduction recommendations.

During spraying:

Carefully monitor weather conditions and the drift hazard

Do not spray when temperatures exceed 28°C

Do not spray under still or very windy conditions

Suitable wind speeds for spraying are 7-10km/h (a light breeze)

Do not spray after 11am in summer to avoid midday turbulence and

Do not spray during low relative humidity conditions,

Maintain a downwind buffer from neighboring properties/paddocks,

Do not spray upwind of sensitive areas,

Spray when temperatures are less than 25°C,

Minimise spray release height (as low to the ground as possible),

Always use the least volatile formulation of herbicide, and

Use nozzles and spray settings that produce a minimum proportion of small, drift-prone droplets (e.g. lower pressure, large droplets and higher spray volume).

For more information on chemical trespass and spray drift management go to the Rural Chemicals section on the PIRSA website www.pir.sa.gov.au.


Herbicide use near waterwaysMany herbicides are toxic to aquatic ecosystems. Plants, invertebrates, amphibians and fish may be harmed when herbicides contaminate a body of water. Inappropriate use of herbicides may also cause significant risks to human health where water is pumped from a bore for domestic use, or flows to a reservoir. Herbicides can enter water bodies either directly through spray or spray drift, or they can move into water bodies via surface water run-off or leaching and sub-surface draining.

When planning to undertake weed control within or adjacent to a water body, the use of herbicides should be avoided where practical - can the use of biological control, mowing, slashing or hand removal be employed instead of herbicides?

If herbicides must be used near waterways choose products registered for use in aquatic areas, for example some glyphosate products. Always read the label carefully.

Herbicides more appropriate for use near waterways will have the following characteristics:

low eco-toxicity,

nil or low volatility at all temperatures to reduce spray drift potential,

low water solubility to reduce potential for leaching to groundwater,

high soil absorption co-efficient to reduce potential for leaching into groundwater,

a short half-life.

Because of the sensitivity of aquatic environments, it is recommended that only trained, licensed contractors carry out spraying operations near water bodies. However, if you feel you can select the appropriate chemical, apply it according to best practice and avoid environmental or personal harm, then the following points are critical.

Important points to remember when applying herbicides near aquatic areas

Use only herbicides registered for use near waterways and always read and follow the label directions carefully,

Where possible use methods that avoid the need to spray herbicides e.g. cut stump and stem injection,

Never spray herbicides over a water body!

When you are working near the edge of a water body, direct the spray away from the water body where possible,

Spray only to the extent of covering foliage with droplets,

Spray when weather is calm; strong winds may carry herbicide drift into water bodies.

Use a flat fan nozzle and a low pump/spray pressure to reduce the likelihood of spray drift, and

Do not spray when rainfall is forecast within six hours as herbicide can be washed off the pest plant and run off into aquatic ecosystems.

For more information about control of weeds near waterways refer to Safe and Effective Herbicide Use: A handbook for near-water application produced by the Environment Protection Authority.

www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Water/Other/pesticide_water.pdf


Herbicide mode of action and herbicide resistanceHerbicides act by interfering with specific processes in plants; this is known as the herbicides mode of action. Different herbicides may have the same mode of action and herbicides with the same mode of action are grouped from A to Z – see table below for examples. The herbicide group is clearly shown on each product label.

HERBICIDE GROUPS AND MODE OF ACTION

HERBICIDE GROUP LABEL – MODE OF ACTION

HERBICIDE

M Uncoupling (Membrane disruption) glyphosate

I Inhibition of DHP (dihydropteroate) synthase

triclopyr; picloram, dicamba; MCPA; 2,4-D; clopyralid, fluroxypr and others

B Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS (acetohydroxyacid synthase AHAS)

chlorsulfuron; flumetsulam; imazapyr; imazethapyr; metsulfuron-methyl; triasulfuron and others

C Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystembromoxynil; hexazinone; tebuthiuron and others

A Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)

fluazifop-p; cyhalofop butyl and others

L Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) synthesis diquat; paraquat

Z Unknown MSMA

Herbicide resistance is the inherent ability of weeds to survive a herbicide that would normally control them. Herbicide resistant plants are present in weed populations at low frequencies. These resistant individuals do not become apparent until a herbicide with the same mode of action is used repeatedly and the resistant weeds are allowed to survive, set seed and multiply while susceptible plants are killed.

If herbicide resistance develops, other herbicides (with a different mode of action) or other control methods (non-chemical) will need to be used. Once herbicide resistance occurs it will persist for many years.

To minimise the chance of herbicide resistance it is important to use a range of weed control methods and alternate between different herbicide groups. For further information, please see the WeedSmart website www.weedsmart.org.au.

Herbicide compatibilityUsing more than one herbicide in a herbicide mix can be an effective method of controlling hard to kill weeds or kill a broader range of weeds; however not all herbicides are compatible. When using more than one herbicide in a mix, users must ensure they are compatible. Compatible herbicides will be listed on the product label.


Herbicide adjuvantsAn adjuvant is any additive added to a herbicide that is intended to improve its effectiveness. There are many adjuvants available that help herbicides to adhere to and penetrate the weed (see table below) however the most commonly used ones are surfactants (also known as wetters), penetrants and dyes. Only ever use adjuvants that are compatible with the herbicide chosen; these will be listed on the herbicide label.

Adjuvants which enhance product efficiencySurfactants/Wetters/Spreaders

Stickers

Penetrants

Extenders

Humectants

Adjuvants which improve ease of applicationAcidifying/buffering agents

Anti-foaming/de-foaming agents

Compatibility agents

Drift control agents

Dyes

Water conditioners


There are a number of methods available to treat weeds and choosing the most suitable option will depend on:

The aim of the control,

The scale of the problem,

The resources available,

Time constraints, and

The situation and location of the weeds.

Herbicides alone should not be relied upon for weed control; instead, an integrated Weed Management (IWM) approach should be taken. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) combines appropriate weed control options including physical removal, chemical control, biological control and cultural control to achieve effective long term control.

TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL WEED CONTROL

Prevention is cheap

Find weeds early

Watch your spread

Plan your controls

Undertake follow up control

WEED CONTROL METHODS


Minimising weed spreadOne of the commonest ways in which weeds are spread is via vehicles and mobile machines that have travelled through an infested area.

The easiest way to prevent weed spread is to thoroughly clean vehicles and machinery before leaving a site. The most effective cleaning options include:

Air blast hard-to-reach spots such as cavities and joints while the vehicle and any contaminants are still dry.

Wash the vehicle down using a low or high pressure cleaner, or a spray tank and pump. A commercial car wash will also remove the majority of weed seeds. Clean the vehicle from the top down. Spray the tyres and move the vehicle forward to ensure the whole tyre is clean.

Vacuum inside the cab to remove contaminants.

Use a brush or scraping implement to remove contaminants such as burrs and clods of mud from tynes or tyres.

Also consider

Using detergents to assist the removal of grease, dirt and mud, which may contain weed seeds.

Clean the undercarriage, springs and axles of trailers.

For boats, check the floor and sides, propellers, anchor wells, cooling system inlet, bilges and bait wells.

Clean footwear and remove weeds seeds from socks and other clothing.

Use the same site for cleaning and monitor it regularly for weeds.

Contaminated material must be disposed of in a way that ensures all weeds and seeds removed cannot spread or grow.

NON-HERBICIDE CONTROL METHODSHand pullingHand pulling is an option where there are a small number of plants with tap roots that are not too deep. It is suitable for seedlings, herbaceous weeds and some grasses. When hand pulling, ensure the majority of the tap root has been removed and take measures to minimise soil disturbance. If the plant has the ability to vegetatively reshoot from fragments or has mature seeds attached, carefully pull, bag, remove and destroy the plants appropriately, taking care not to spill seeds along the way.

Grubbing and/or digging outThis method involves digging weeds out using a mattock, spade or hoe and is suitable when there are a small number of plants. Grubbing and digging out can be useful for weeds that have their growing points at ground level or below the surface of the ground such as weeds with corms, bulbs, rhizomes, clumped or fibrous root systems and grasses. This method involves removing all the above and underground parts of the plant (including bulbs, corms, etc) to prevent any part of the plant from regrowing. Often a great deal of soil disturbance can result from this method and follow-up monitoring for new germinations or regrowth is required. For some plants the above or underground parts of the plants (bulbs, corms etc) will need to be carefully removed from the site and disposed of appropriately.

Mechanical control methodsMechanical control refers to the removal or manipulation of weeds using power tools or machinery and is usually used for large, dense infestations. Commonly employed methods include:

Using a slasher or mower to reduce weed growth and restrict flowering at critical times of the plant’s lifecycle.

Using a tractor to blade plough woody weeds out of the ground and destroy their root system.


In a cultivated paddock, using a tractor and disc plough to sever roots and/or bury weeds.

Using a mulcher to turn woody weeds into a thick mulch layer which is spread back over the area to suppress regrowth and new germinations.

Using a mechanical weed puller attached to a tractor to pull woody weeds out of the ground.

Mechanical control using heavy machinery (such as bulldozers) can result in a great deal of disturbance and may increase erosion, damage native vegetation and/or promote weed seed germinations. When considering the use of heavy machinery ensure that it is suited to the situation.

FireIn some situations fire can be a useful method to reduce weed biomass, clear an area for follow-up chemical control and, for some fire sensitive species, destroy the plant altogether. Areas that have been burnt need to be monitored to ensure desirable species re-establish and weed species are suppressed through follow-up control.

Some weeds such as buffel grass may actually benefit from fire. If the area contains rare or endangered species, or desirable species not adapted to fire, fire may destroy these plants and their seed bank. If undertaken in the wrong season, burning may result in a hot fire and lead to long-term damage or increased erosion. The use of fire as a weed management tool must therefore be used with extreme care.

Before any planned burn, all necessary permissions must be obtained from the Local Council, Native Vegetation Authority and the South Australian Country Fire Service.

CompetitionCompetition using planted or regenerating native plants or pastures is an essential part of long-term weed management. Encouraging and maintaining cover of desired species will suppress weed growth, flowering and weed seed production by reducing access to available sunlight, nutrients and moisture.

On grazing land, managing grazing pressure to avoiding patches of bare ground are key preventative strategies for weed management. Weeds will typically invade overgrazed, high traffic areas where the ground is bare. Maintaining sustainable grazing pressures and moving stock regularly can ensure that weeds are less likely to find places to colonise.

Biological controlPlants introduced into Australia usually arrive without the natural enemies that kept their populations in check within their natural range. Without these natural enemies these introduced plants are able to rapidly reproduce and spread, becoming weeds.

Biological control is the use of a weed’s natural enemy, such as insects, mites or pathogens (bacteria or fungi), which affect the health of the weed by either feeding or parasitising on it. Usually, the biological control agents come from the country of origin of the weed. A well known example was the release of the Cactoblastis moth to control prickly pear in Queensland in 1926 – within 6 years the moth virtually eliminated all major stands of prickly pear. Biological controls are not usually this successful but serve as an important tool to limit the growth and spread of the target weed and hence reduce the cost of other control methods.

It is critical that biological control agents introduced into Australia do not become pests themselves therefore, prior to introduction rigorous testing is done on the agent to ensure it is specific only to the target weed they are intended for.

Examples of biological agents established in South Australia include: the crown weevil on salvation Jane; the spider mite on gorse; the plume moth on horehound; a leaf rust fungus on blackberry; the leaf buckle mite on boneseed; a leaf hopper, a rust and a leaf beetle on bridal creeper; and many more. Current information about these agents can be found in Ivory and Mantel (2013), A Guide to Biological Control in South Australia.


GrazingIn grazing situations stock will usually choose more palatable species over less palatable weeds such as scotch thistle and Salvation Jane; however, spraying some weeds with the correct herbicide at the correct time of year increases their palatability to stock. This method, known as spray grazing is used in pastures to suppress weed populations making pasture species more competitive.

HERBICIDE CONTROL METHODS

Foliar spray The foliar spray method involves spraying the foliage of the target plant, usually to before the point of run-off (i.e. until each leaf is wetted but not dripping) with a hand gun or boom spray. This method is suitable for herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses and vines where complete coverage can be achieved. Foliar spray can be done in a number of ways depending on the nature of the weed, the size of the infestation and the presence of off-target plants.

Boom spraying involves the use of a boom spray unit attached to a vehicle (4WD or tractor) to spray large areas of dense infestations or spray weeds within crops and pastures where selective herbicides can be used to kill the undesirable weeds and not the crop or pasture. Boom spray is suitable for control of weeds up to 1m in height.

Spot spraying usually involves the use of either a hand held spray unit with a pneumatic pump or vehicle mounted spray unit with electric or petrol powered pump. The herbicide mix is delivered to the foliage of the plant via a hand gun. Spot spray is useful for weeds at low to high densities or weeds within desirable vegetation where the user can minimise off-target damage through careful application.

Splatter gun method is a form of foliar spray where a splatter gun is used to apply a low volume of concentrated herbicide mix to foliage. A specialised nozzle produces a solid stream of large droplets of herbicide that can be applied from a distance of 6-10m away. Only a small portion of the foliage needs to be sprayed so non-target damage can be minimised. This technique is particularly useful in areas of difficult access and where water supply is limited.

Wiper ApplicationWiper application is used for control of weeds including tufted grasses that grow higher than a crop or pasture species. The method involves applying herbicide solution to an absorbent surface, such as a length of rope or wick. The wetted surface is then used to wipe herbicide over the weed. The wetted surface is usually attached to a small boom and passed over pastures at a certain height to contact weeds that grow higher than the pasture species.

Cut stump methodThis method is useful for vines, multi-stemmed shrubs and medium to large trees, and even for some large herbs such as arum lily. The term cut and swab is also often used to describe this method. The main stem(s) or trunk(s) are cut off at their base by chainsaw, axe, brush cutter or machete and the stump immediately (within 10-15 seconds) sprayed or painted with herbicide mixture to the point of run-off. It is necessary to apply the herbicide promptly before the plant begins to seal the cut preventing penetration of the herbicide into the sap stream. The stump should be cut as close to the ground as possible. For some species care must be taken to remove cut branch fragments off and away from areas of moist soil such as a creek bed, swamp or low lying area where they may regenerate.


Stem inject methodThis method applies to woody trees and shrubs with a single stem and trunk diameter of 5-10cm or greater. It involves cutting or drilling into the bark and injecting herbicide into the sap stream.

Frill and fill method uses a narrow-bladed axe (5-7cm wide) to make a horizontal cut the width of the blade at an angle of about 45 degrees through the bark of the tree into the sap stream in the trunk. It is important not to make cuts too deep. The herbicide is then immediately applied (within 3 seconds) into the cut.

Drill and fill method uses a cordless drill to drill (with a 9mm drill bit) 4cm holes around the base of the tree into the sapwood. Holes should be about 4cm deep (or deeper for trees with thick bark), angled down at 45 degrees and at 5-10cm intervals. Herbicide is then immediately (within 3 seconds) injected into the hole. It is necessary to inject the herbicide quickly before the plant seals the cut, thus barring the chemical penetrating the sap stream.

For cactus species a sheep drenching needle (or equivalent) is used to inject a measured dose of herbicide into the stem of the plants.

Basal bark methodThis method is used to treat saplings and multi-stemmed shrubs and regrowth with a basal diameter of less than 5cm. The herbicide, usually mixed with diesel at label rates, is applied to all sides of every stem from ground up to a height of around 30cm. Stems should be dry, free of fire charring and not have debris (e.g. from floods) accumulated around them.

Scrape and paint methodScrape and paint is used for vines (e.g. blackberry) where it is desirable to leave the vine intact or in sensitive areas such as native vegetation where it is desirable to minimise risks to off-target species. A sharp knife is used to scrape a thin layer of bark from a 15-30cm section of stem. Herbicide is then immediately applied to the exposed sap tissue.

Pellet or granular soil application methodThis method can be used to treat isolated outlying plants that are not easy to treat using other methods. Herbicide pellets are evenly applied to the soil under the target weed from the stem out to 30cm beyond the canopy drip line. Pellets should not be thrown at the base of the tree trunk – this will waste material and could result in poor control. The herbicide acts by moving into the root zone of the weed following rain and from there it is absorbed by the roots.


RECOMMENDED HERBICIDES FOR DECLARED PLANTS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA

When using herbicides it is important to consider a few key factors that will increase effectiveness and reduce risks to users and non target plants. These factors are:

Apply herbicide only when plants are actively growing,

Do not apply herbicides when the plant is under stress, e.g. extreme heat or cold, drought, water-logging or disease,

Do not spray when wet or windy weather is anticipated,

Use herbicides only in situations specified on the label.

IMPORTANT: the herbicide recommendations provided in this book should be considered a guide only and users of agricultural chemical products must always READ THE LABEL before using a product and strictly comply with the directions on the label and/or conditions of any permit.


HERBICIDE EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES

HERBICIDE GROUP

APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)

REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS

TIMING COMMENTS LEGAL STATUS

African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) WoNS

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted to 1:5 None

Cut stump – note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application

July-Sept When actively growing.PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100LSurfactant or penetrant

Spot spray July-SeptRepeat application will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) + triclopyr (600g/L)

Roundup® + Garlon® M, I 333ml + 33ml/1L Penetrant Cut stump Registered

glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)

Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B 1L + 10g/100L Surfactant or penetrant

Spot spray/ cut stump

July-SeptPrior to berry set and leaf fall.

After good rains. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 and PER 10117

glyphosate (540g/kg) Credit® I 470-670ml/100LWetter (e.g. Bonus®)

Spot spray July-SeptRepeat application will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Use lower rates on seedlings and higher rates on large mature bushes.

Registered

picloram (20g/kg) Tordon® Granules I 35 to 45g/m2 None Granular application Suitable for isolated outlying plants only. Do not apply if boxthorns are near native vegetation or desirable plants.

Registered

tebuthiuron (200g/kg) Graslan® C2g per square meter

None Granular application PER 10518 (exp.2018)

triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)

Access® I 1L/60L diesel NoneBasal bark or cut stump

Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L diesel NoneBasal bark or cut stump

Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 170ml/100L None Spot spray July-Sept Plants up to 2m. Registered (Tas only)

Bios

ecur

ity S

A



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


African feathergrass (Pennisetum macrourum)

flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 3L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray


PER 9792 (exp.2015)

flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 500ml/10L Surfactant Wiper


PER 9792 (exp.2015)

flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)

Tussock® + Roundup® J,M3L + 300-500ml/ha

Surfactant Boom spray

Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)


Tussock® + Roundup® J,M300ml + 260ml/100L

Surfactant Spot spray

Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS




Surfactant Wiper


PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 4.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M800ml/100L water

Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 2.6L/10L water Surfactant Wiper Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 9792 (exp.2015)

African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula)

flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 1.5-3L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)



Registered (Tas and WA only)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 150-300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray


PER 9792 (exp.2015)

flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 500ml/10L Surfactant Wiper Jan-Mar


PER 9792 (exp.2015)


Tussock® + Roundup® J,M1.5-3L + 300-500ml/ha

Surfactant Boom spray Jan-Mar


PER 9792 (exp.2015)


Tussock® + Roundup® J,M150-300ml + 270ml/100L

Surfactant Spot spray Jan-Mar


PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 4.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Jan-Mar

Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1.3L/100LSurfactant (spray oil)

Spot spray Jan-Mar


PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 800ml/100LSurfactant or penetrant

Spot spray Jan-Mar


Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 2.6L/10L Surfactant Wiper Jan-Mar Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 9792 (exp.2015)

Manual Removal Grub individual plants

Jan-Mar

African rue (Peganum harmala)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted Cut stumpWhen actively growing

PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray

When actively growing before flower

Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis)

Cut - usually no herbicide required

Cut AnytimeCut as close to the ground or below the lowest branch. Regrowth usually does not occur.

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted None Drill and fill PER 13371 (exp.2017)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Alkali sida (Malvella leprosa)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 3.5L/ha None Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Prior to flowering.

Registered

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I150ml/100L water

None Spot spray Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Prior to flowering.

Registered

Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) AW

glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive

Roundup® Biactive M 10ml/1L None Spot SpraySummer-winter

Seek advice from an NRM Authority. Suitable for use in waterways. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.

Registered

glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)

Weedmaster ® Duo M 10ml/1L Surfactant Spot spraySummer-winter

Do not apply surfactant if using near water.Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Manual removal Hand pull or dig out with machinery – seek advice from an NRM Authority.

metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)

Brush-Off® B 10g/100L Surfactant Spot spraySummer-winter

Apply in terrestrial situations only. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered (NSW, Qld only)

Report Report occurrences to the regional NRM Authority.

Athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) WoNS

fluroxypyr (333g/L). Starane®Advanced I 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spraySpring-autumn

Young plants less than 50cm tall.PER 9936 (exp.2015)(NT)


Access® I 1L/60L diesel NoneBasal bark/spot spray

Anytime Young plants 0.5-2m tall. Permitted


Access® I 1L/60L diesel None Cut stump AnytimeMedium to large trees. Ensure cut branches are removed from the river bed and placed up on higher ground where they will not reshoot.

Permitted

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L diesel NoneBasal bark/spot spray

Anytime Young plants from 0.5-2m tall.PER 9937 (exp.2016)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/60L diesel NoneCut stump/basal bark/spot spray

When actively growing

Medium to large trees. PER 9936 (exp2015)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/100L Surfactant Spot sprayWhen actively growing

Juvenile athel pine from 0.5-2m tall. PER 9936 (exp2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Azarola (Crataegus sinaica)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted None Cut Stump PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B 800ml + 3g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B800ml + 10g/100L

Penetrant + Surfactant (spray oil)

Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (540g/L) Roundup® Powermax M 660-870ml/100L Penetrant Spot sprayApply from flowering to leaf fall

Use higher rates for plants larger than 2m. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered


Access® I 1L/60L diesel NoneCut stump/ basal bark

Anytime Medium to large trees. Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 170ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Bathurst burr (Xanthium spinosum)

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I

Rate depends on crop type and crop stage – refer to label

Refer to label Boom spray

Before flower and burr formation

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping – refer to label

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 560ml-1.7L/ha Refer to label Boom spray


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-agricultural areas. When plants are young.

Registered


17-22ml/10L Kevan says too low should 500ml/100L



Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray seedlings only.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/L) Roundup® M 1.5-2.5L/ha Surfactant Boom spray


Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or prior to planting a crop or pasture.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/L) Roundup® M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray


Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered


Roundup® + Ally® M,B 1L + 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray


Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered

glyphosate-trimecium (480g/L)

Touchdown® M 700ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray


Can be used within orchards, vineyards and established trees provided a directed or shielded spray or wiper is used. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


MCPA (340g/L) + dicamba (80g/L)

Banvil®M I 2.8-4L/ha None Boom spray


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Spray seedlings, use higher rates on larger plants or plants in late flower.

Registered


Banvil®M I 190-270ml/100L None Spot spray


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Spray seedlings, use higher rates on larger plants or plants in late flower.

Registered

MCPA (750g/L) Agritone®750 I 1.35L/ha Surfactant Boom spray


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Effective on young seedlings only.

Registered


Brush-Off® B 5 or 7.5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray


Seedlings or before early flowering. Use higher rate when plants are beyond early flowering or add glyphosate.

Registered (NSW only)

Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) WoNS

ReportReport occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA, and seek advice.

fluroxypyr (333g/L) Starane®Advanced I 300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, rights of way, forests and pastures. Thoroughly cover both foliage and stems to the point of runoff.

Registered


Brush-Off® B 10g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, rights of way, forests and pastures.

Registered (Qld only)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Bifora (Bifora testiculata)

carfentrazone-ethyl (400g/kg) + MCPA (750g/L)

Affinity Force® + Agritone®750

G,I100ml + 330ml/ha

None Boom spray In cereal crops – refer to label. Registered

chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® B 25g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Wheat, barley, oats, triticale and cereal rye only. Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.

Registered

imazethapyr (700g/L) Spinnaker 700WG® B 70-100g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Pre-emergence in faba beans, field peas. Registered

Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus sp. agg.) WoNS

Biological control agents Leaf rust fungus (Phragmidium violaceum) Suppression only.Consult your regional NRM Board.


Roundup Biactive® M 1-1.3L/100L None

Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas

Nov-Apr

Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Repeat applications will be required.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted NoneCut and paint the canes – paint brush applicator

Suitable for outliers, small infestations or sensitive areas.PER 13371 (exp.2017)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 250ml-1L/1L None


Suitable for outliers, small infestations or sensitive areas. Registered



Penetrant Spot spray Nov-AprNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (835g/kg) + metsulfuron-methy (10g/kg)

Trounch Brush-Pack® M,B 173g/100L None Spot spray Nov-AprApply from flowering until prior to leaf yellowing. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Weedmaster®Duo M 1L/1L None Cut stump Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Brush-Off® B 10g/100LSurfactant (mineral crop oil)

Spot spray Nov-Apr Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered

Mowing/Slashing Mowing/Slashing Slashing will not kill Blackberry but will improve the results of follow up herbicide treatment. Regrowth needs to be approximately 0.5-1m high before undertaking follow up spraying.


Grazon DS® I 10L/haSurfactant or penetrant

Boom spray Nov-Apr Doesn’t damage clover Registered


Grazon DS® I 350-500ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nov-AprUse higher rates on plants damaged by grazing stock or insects or on hard to kill plants.

Registered

triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L) + Aminopyralid (8g/L)

Grazon Extra® I 350-500ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nov-AprUse higher rates on plants damaged by grazing stock or insects or on hard to kill plants.

Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L diesel None Cut stump Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 170ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nov-Apr Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 650ml/100L Surfactant Spot sprayAug Prior to flowering

Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Agricultural non crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, pastures and rights of way.

Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Dicamba 500 I 1.2L/ha None Boom spray

Sept-Feb (or anytime of year when actively growing) prior to flowering

Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Dicamba 500 I 18ml/15L None Spot spray

Sept-Feb (or anytime of year when actively growing) prior to flowering

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) WoNS

Biological control agents

Boneseed leaf buckle mite (Aceria sp.) Release in autumn onto healthy and growing shoot tips. Suppression only.Consult your regional NRM Board.

Burn Dense large infestations – burn area and treat seedlings (seek advice).



Anytime PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Penetrant Spot spray Aug-Sept Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)




Spot spray Aug-SeptNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Weedmaster®Duo M 1L/1L None Cut stump PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Manual Removal Manual Removal Pull out by hand; ensure that the root system is removed.


Brush-Off® B 10g/100LPenetrant or a mineral oil

Spot spray Aug-Sept Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered


PER 12932 (exp.2016)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) WoNS


Bridal creeper rust fungus (Puccinia myrsiphylli) Suppression only. The bridal creeper leafhopper (Zygina sp.) Suppression only. The bridal creeper leaf beetle (Crioceris sp.) Suppression only.Consult your regional NRM Board.

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100LPenetrant or surfactant (spray oil)

Spot spray June-AugNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B 800ml + 3g/100L Penetrant Spot spray June-Aug

Controls bulb and vegetative growth. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. Non selective. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Weedmaster®Duo M 1L:3L SurfactantWiper sponge or brush

June-Aug Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Manual Removal Manual removal. Ensure that tubers are removed totally

June-AugSuitable for small plants and outliers only. Can result in a high level of soil disturbance therefore reduce soil disturbance as much as practicle.


Brush-Off® B 1.5g/100L Penetrant Spot spray June-AugNot suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Brush-Off® B 5g/100L Penetrant Spot spray June-AugNot suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Bridal veil (Asparagus declinatus) WoNS

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100LPenetrant or surfactant (spray oil)

Spot spray June-AugNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B 800ml + 3g/100L Penetrant Spot spray June-AugFollow up application over at least 2 years will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Weedmaster®Duo M 1L:3L SurfactantWiper sponge or brush

June-Aug Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Manual Removal Manual removal. Ensure that tubers are removed totally.

June-AugSuitable for small plants and outliers only. Can result in a high level of soil disturbance therefore reduce soil disturbance as much as practical.


Brush-Off® B 1.5g/100L Penetrant Spot spray June-AugNot suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Brush-Off® B 5g/100L Penetrant Spot spray June-AugNot suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Broad-kernel espartillo (Amelichloa caudata) AW

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in SA.



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)




Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher glyphosate rate during late seed development or if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)




Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate during if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS




Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)


Manual removal Grub individual plants

Inform your local NRM office. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp. – O.ramosa,

O. cerbua var cernua, O. aegyptiaca, O. minor) AW

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA.

paraquat (135g/L) + diquat (115g/L)

Spray.Seed 250® LRate is host dependant, consult label

Surfactant Boom/spot spray Control host plants. Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 IRate is host dependant, consult label

None Boom/spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Control host plants.

Registered

clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel® IRate is host dependant, consult label

Surfactant Boom/spot spray Control host plants. Registered

flumetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike® BRate is host dependant, consult label

Surfactant Boom spray Control host plants prior to the growing season. Registered

flumetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike® BRate is host dependant, consult label

Surfactant Spot spray Non crop areas. Control host plants. Registered

glyphosate (540g/L) Roundup® Powermax MRate is host dependant, consult label

Surfactant Spot spray Control host plants. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered


Ally® BRate is host dependant, consult label

Surfactant Boom/spot spray Control host plants. Post emergent. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)


Dec-March After summer rains


PER 9792 (exp.2015)

flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray


PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)





PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS






PER 9792 (exp.2015)



Surfactant Wiper

Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate.Apply to fresh foliage.Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 4.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray


PER 9792 (exp.2015)




PER 9792 (exp.2015)

Bulbil watsonia (Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera)


Roundup Biactive® M 15ml/1L Canola oilSponge application (tongs of death)

Sept-Late Nov

Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Repeat applications will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Roundup Biactive® M 1L/3L NoneSponge application (tongs of death)

Sept-Late Nov

Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Repeat applications will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/3L NoneSponge application (tongs of death)

Sept-Late Nov


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted NoneSponge application (tongs of death)

Sept-Late Nov

Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered (under general weeds)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spraySept-Late Nov

Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)



Surfactant Spot spraySept-Late Nov


PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Brush-Off® B 10g/100L water Surfactant Spot spraySept-Late Nov

Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Cacti (Prickly pear/ Wheel cactus and other

Opuntia spp. – except O. ficus-indica) WoNS


Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) Opuntia engelmannii, Cylindropuntia imbricata – effective control Opuntia robusta – suppression only. Cactoblastis grub (Cactoblastis cactorum) Opuntia stricta – suppression only.Consult your regional NRM Board.

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® MUndiluted. 1ml every 4th Pad

None Stem injectWhen actively growing

Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Suitable for species such as Wheel Cactus and O. Engelmannii which are easier to inject than other species.

Registered

Manual Removal Deep burial under 1m of topsoil

When actively growing

All fragments must be removed, collected and buried. Any fragments that are left or spilt during transport to the burial site will regrow.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


MSMA (800g/L) Daconate® Z 1L/40L Water Surfactant Spot sprayWhen actively growing

Thoroughly cover all pad surfaces. Apply in summer using a power sprayer when air temp is above 30ºC.

Registered

MSMA (800g/L) Daconate® ZUndiluted. 2 and 4ml every 4th Pad

None Stem injectWhen actively growing

Non-arable and pastoral areas. Wheel cactus. Suitable for species such as Wheel Cactus and O. Engelmannii which are easier to inject than other species.

PER 9362 (exp.2017)


Access® I 1L/60L diesel None Basal barkWhen actively growing

Registered


Grazon Extra® I 500ml/100L Surfactant Spot sprayWhen actively growing

Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 800ml/60L diesel None Basal barkWhen actively growing

Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I Undiluted None Drill and fillWhen actively growing

Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 3L/100LSurfactant (Spray oil 1%)

Spot sprayWhen actively growing

Registered

Calomba daisy (Oncosiphon suffruticosum)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 360ml/ha Surfactant Boom sprayApply prior to flowering

Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Pasture topping. Seed set reduction only.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 800ml-1.2/ha Surfactant Boom sprayApply prior to flowering

Non selective. Prior to sowing a crop or pasture. Use higher rates for larger plants.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot sprayApply prior to flowering




HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Roundup® + Ally® M,B800-1000ml + 5-7g/ha

Surfactant Boom spray Sept

Fallow/pre crop knockdown. Wheat, barley, triticale and cereal rye. Apply when plants are small. Use higher rates for larger or dense weeds. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Ally® B 5g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Sept-OctPost crop and weed emergence. Wheat, barley, triticle and cereal rye. Apply when plants are small. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Ally® B 5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered

Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris)

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I Check label Refer to label Boom spray Oct-Feb

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. After summer rains. Pastures and non cropping areas. Spray young plants.

Registered

Competition Caltrop does not like competition from other plants. Maintenance of good ground cover will help to significantly reduce the germination of Caltrop.

flumetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike® B25g/ha at 200L water/ha

Boom spraySept-April Before seed set

Pre-emergence. Pastures. Registered

flumetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike® B 25g/100L Spot spraySept-April Before seed set

Rosette stage prior to running. Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1.6-2.4L/ha Surfactant Boom spraySept-April Before seed set




HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spraySept-April Before seed set


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 400-600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spraySept-April Before seed set


Cane needlegrass (Nassella hyalina) AW

ReportReport occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in SA.



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)




Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate during if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS





Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)




PER 9792 (exp.2015)



Inform your local NRM office. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.

Cape broom (Genista monspessulana)


Roundup Biactive® M 1-1.3L/100L

None if using within or near waterways. Penetrant if using away from waterways

Spot Spray - Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas

Sept-Dec Prior to pod formation

Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered


Cut stump - note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application

Anytime PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B200ml + 10g /100L

Penetrant Spot spraySept-Dec Prior to pod formation


PER 13371 (exp.2017)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Grazon DS® I 250ml/100L Penetrant Spot spraySept-Dec Prior to pod formation

Use higher rate of 350ml/100L if spraying in autumn or winter. Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L diesel None Cut stump Any timeDiesel can be replaced with water for ease of application.Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 170ml/100L Penetrant Spot spraySept-Dec Prior to pod formation

Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

Cape tulip (one and two leafed) (Moraea flaccida and Moraea miniata)

2,4-D (475g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)

Surpass®475 + Ally® I,B 1.65L + 5g/ha None Wiper July-SeptHormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

chlorsulfuron (750g/kg)Conquest chlorsulfuron 750 WG®

B 20g/ha Boom/ spot spray July-Sept Dense infestations. Registered (WA only)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1:5 Penetrant Foliar wipe July-Sept Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered (under general weeds)


Roundup® + Ally® M,B 800ml + 5g/ha Surfactant Boom spray July-SeptFallow or prior to crop planting. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Roundup® + Ally® M,B 800ml + 5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray July-SeptNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Roundup® + Ally® M,B 800ml + 1g/100L Penetrant Wiper July-SeptNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


glyphosate (540g/L) Roundup® Powermax M 1L/100L Spot spray July-Sept

Spray at flower bayonet emergence. Follow up treatments as required at or before flowing. Most effective just prior to flowering (july august). Seed set suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered (under general weeds)

Manual Removal

Grub or hand pull individual plants and ensure that bulbs are removed. Isolated plants only.

July-Sept Plant will not re-grow if cut off at the base.


Ally® B 5g/ha SurfactantBoom spray and Spot Spray

July-Sept

In pastures tolerant to Metsulfuron-methyle (no good in clover based pastures). Do not spray under susceptible trees. Spray early in the season to kill young plants. Add glyphosate if spraying late in the season to suppress seed set. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered

Cat’s claw creeper (Dolichandra unguis-cati) WoNS

Manual removalNot a weed in SA, but gardeners may find it necessary to remove an unwanted plant.Cut stems and dispose; dig out the large tubers at the base of plant.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Chilean needlegrass (Nassella neesiana) WoNS

fluazifop-p (128g/kg) Fusilade Forte® A 1.7-3.3L/haSurfactant (Supercharge™ 1% (1L/100L))

Boom spray Legume pastures and Lucerne only. No not cut or graze for at least 6 weeks. Seed set suppression only.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)




Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS





Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 2.4L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Will give varied results – Suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



Outliers only.

Common lantana (Lantana camara) WoNS

Manual removal

Not a weed in SA, but gardeners may find it necessary to remove unwanted plants.Cut, grub out and dispose; machinery may be needed to remove large plants.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Coolatai grass (Hyparrhenia hirta)

flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 3L/ha Surfactant Boom spray July-Oct

Apply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces – 1000-2000 L/Ha. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray July-Oct

Apply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces – 1000-2000 L/Ha. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

flupropanate (745g/L) Tussock™ J 500ml/10L Surfactant Wiper July-Oct

Once per season. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)



Surfactant Boom spray July-Oct


PER 9792 (exp.2015)


Tussock® + Roundup® J,M200ml + 1.6L/100L

Surfactant Spot spray July-Oct


PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS




Surfactant Wiper July-Oct

Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 4.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Sept-MayApply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces – 1000-2000 L/Ha. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1.6L/100L water Surfactant Spot spray Sept-MayNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 2.6L/10L water Surfactant Wiper Sept-May2-3 repeat treatments will be necessary. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)


Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B 800ml + 3g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Manual Removal Pull out individual plants

Manual Removal

Creeping knapweed (Rhaponticum repens)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 1.3L/100L None Spot spray Soil Residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation. Do not apply near susceptible crops.

Registered

clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel® I 4L/ha Boom spray Pastures and fallow. Post emergent. Registered

clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel® I 500ml/100L Spot spray Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 8.8L/ha Surfactant Boom Spray Dec-Jan Non-crop situations. Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Dec-Jan Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Penetrant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Repeat application as required. Suppression only.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Cutleaf mignonette (Reseda lutea)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 650ml/100L None Spot sprayPrior to flowering

Soil residue do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops.

Registered

2,4-D (475g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)

Surpass®475 + Roundup® I, M 145ml + 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray July-SeptHormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered


Surpass®475 + Ally® I 145ml + 7g/100L None Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 1.7L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. On young plants only. Avoid using 2,4-D on adult plants due to herbicide resistance.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 115ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray On young plants only. Avoid using 2,4-D on adult plants due to herbicide resistance.

Registered


Roundup® + Ally® M,B800ml + 5-7g/100L

None Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Weedmaster® Duo M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Manual removal Manual Removal Suitable for individual plants and small infestations

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 2.1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non crop areas. For rates within crops refer to label.

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 140ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered


Ally® B 7g/ha Surfactant Boom Spray Spray actively growing plant up to flowering. Repeat treatment may be required. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Ally® B 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Spray actively growing plant up to flowering. Repeat treatment may be required. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered

metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)

Ally® + MCPA 500® B, I 7g + 2.1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Non crop areas. For rates within crops refer to label. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Hormone type herbicide – use with caution near sensitive crops. Do not spray if spray drift is likely.

Registered

Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) AW

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority and obtain advice.

Burn to kill the host plant and destroy the seed bank.

Burn to kill the host and destroy the seed bank.

Cultivate to kill host plants such as broad leaf weeds.

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1:100L Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. To kill the host plant.

Registered (host dependant)


Roundup® + Brush-Off® M,B800ml + 3-5g/100L

Surfactant Spot spray To kill the host plants, fallow pre-crop, non agricultural areas. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered (host dependant)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Dog rose (Rosa canina)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L diesel NoneBasal Bark or cut stump

Registered


Roundup Biactive® M 1.5-2L/100L None


Oct-JanSuitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted to 1:4 None Cut stump Apply to cut stump immediately.PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B800-1Lml + 10g/100L

Penetrant Spot spray Oct-JanNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (540g/L) Roundup® Powermax M 1-1.35L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Oct-JanUse higher rates for plants larger than 1.5m. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

Manual removal Grub individual plants.


Brush-Off® B 15g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-Jan Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Grazon DS® I 350ml/100L Penetreant Spot spray Oct-Jan For plants up to 1.5m tall. Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1:30 diesel None Cut stump Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 170ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-JanNature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


English/Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) WoNS


Broom gall mite (Aceria genistae) Suppression only. Broom seed beetle (Bruchidius villosus) Suppression only.Consult your regional NRM Board.




Sept-Dec prior to pod formation


Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted – 1L/1L None

Cut stump - note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application

PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Penetrant Spot spraySept-Dec prior to pod formation




Penetrant Spot spraySept-Dec prior to pod formation


PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Brush-Off® B 15g/100L Penetrant Spot spraySept-Dec prior to pod formation

Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Grazon DS® I 250-350ml/100L Surfactant Spot spraySept-Dec prior to pod formation

Registered


PER 12932 (exp.2016)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 170ml/100L Surfactant Spot spraySept-Dec prior to pod formation

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spictum) AW

Report

Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA to confirm identification and obtain advice. This species is not yet known to occur in Australia but many native water milfoils look very similar.

False caper (Euphorbia terracina)

Establish competative pastures.

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered (under general weeds)

Mechanical Blade plough or disk.

Zoliar®DF norflurazon (800g/kg) F 2.5-5kg/ha Boom spray Pre emergence, selective residual herbicide. Citrus, vines, nuts, pome and stone fruit crops only. Rate is Crop specific, refer to label.

Registered (This is the only registered product for false caper)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 1.3L/100L No Spot spray Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Apply during budding.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 1.1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and non agricultural areas.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 1.1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment –- use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and non agricultural areas.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L:100L Spot sprayDec-Feb Just on flowing

After good summer rains, follow up, treatment required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered


Banvil®M I 5.2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-crop

Registered


Banvil®M I 350ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-crop

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 2L/haNone (in crop). Surfactant (for knockdown)

Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 1L/500L Surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Field garlic (Allium vineale)

dicamba (500g/L) Dicamba 500® I 8.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non-crop. Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Dicamba 500® I 600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non-crop. Registered


Brush-Off® B 7g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered


Brush-Off® B 10g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered

Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) WoNS

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Fireweed is not yet known in SA but occurs in the eastern States.

bromoxynil (200g/L) + diflufenican(25g/L) + liquid hydrocarbon (416g/L) + n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (150g/L)

Jaguar® C,F 500ml Boom sprayUp to the four leaf stage.

Pastures – clover and/or Lucerne based, including cover crops in vineyards.

Registered


Grazon Extra® I 350ml/100L Surfactant Spot sprayWhen flowering

Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, forests, pastures and rights of way.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) WoNS

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 800ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray PER 11463 (QLD) Registered under general weeds

Gorse (Ulex europaeus) WoNS


Gorse seed weevil (Exapion ulicis) Suppression only. Gorse thrips (Sericothrips staphylinus) Suppression only. Gorse spider mites (Tetranychus lintearius) Suppression only.Consult your regional NRM Board.

Burning Fire Fire can be useful in reducing dense thickets of Gorse to allow follow-up spraying of regrowth. Seek advice.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Roundup Biactive® M 1L/100L


Dec-AprSuitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered



PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Neat to 1:1 None Drill and fill Registered (under general weeds)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Penetrant Spot spray Sept-Feb Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)




Spot spray Dec-AprNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Weedmaster®Duo M 1L/1L None Cut stump PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Mowing /Slashing Slashing Slashing will not kill Gorse however may improve the results of follow up herbicide treatment. Regrowth needs to be approximately 0.5-1m high before undertaking follow up spraying.


Grazon DS® I 250ml/100L surfactant Spot spray Sept-FebUse higher rate of 350ml/100L if plants are taller than 1.5 metres or if treating in autumn. If treating in winter use rate of 500ml/100L.

Registered


PER 12932 (exp.2016)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I170-350ml /100L

Surfactant or penetrant

Spot spray Dec-Apr Use higher rates for older larger plants. Registered

Hoary cress (Cardaria draba)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 1.3L/100L None Spot spray June-AugSoil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. May require repeat applications.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Surpass®475 + Roundup® I, M 1.8L + 1.2L/ha Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or prior to sowing a crop. Treat from late rosette to early flowering.

Registered


Surpass®475 + Roundup® I, M120ml + 800ml/100L

None Spot spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Spray at Rosette stage. Silver leaf night shade and other deep rooted perennials, cut leaf, hoary cress if spraying with glysophate

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I Check label None Boom spray June-AugHormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cereal crops.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I2.9L/ha (check label)

None Boom spray

June-Aug Spray rosettes prior to flowering

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I600ml/100L (check label)

None Spot spray

June-Aug Spray rosettes prior to flowering

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

Caltivation and pasture management - increase conpetition

chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® B 20g/ha SurfactantApply when plants are fully emerged

June-AugPost crop and weed emergence. Suppression in crops. Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.

Registered

dicamba (500g/L) + 2,4-D (625g/L)

Kamba 500® + 2,4-D amine 625®

I280ml + 800ml/ha

Surfactant Boom spray June-Aug Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1.2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray June-AugApply from late July to September when plants are in rosette to flowering stage. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot sprayJune-Sept Rosette to flowering




HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 1.4L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Treat seedlings or fresh growth of adult plants. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)

2,4-D amine 625 + Ally® I,B500mls + 5g/100L

Surfactant Spot Spray Sept-Nov

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Use on mature plants. Make sure plants are thoroughly wet.

Registered

2,4-D Ester (600g/kg) 2,4-D Ester 600® I 900ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray Aug-Sept

Hormone type herbicide – use with extreme caution near sensitive crops - refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping. Seedlings or suppression only. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.

Registered

2,4-D Ester (600g/kg) 2,4-D Ester 600® I 1.3-3.7L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Aug-Sept

Hormone type herbicide – use with extreme caution near sensitive crops - refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping. Seedlings or suppression only. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.

Registered

2,4-D Ester (600g/kg) 2,4-D Ester 600® I 130-370ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Aug-Sept

Hormone type herbicide – use with extreme caution near sensitive crops - refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping. Seedlings or suppression only. Use higher rates on larger plants and lower rates on seedlings. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.

Registered


Horehound plume moth (Pterophorus spilodactylus) Suppression only. Clear wing moth (Chamaesphecia mysiniformis) Suppression only.Consult your regional NRM Board.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 1.2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Non crop. Treat seedlings or fresh growth of adult plants. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.

Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 80ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 2-3L/ha Penetrant Boom spray

Seedlings and young plants only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L /100LPenetrant or a double wetter

Spot spray

Young plants only. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

glyphosate (540g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)

Roundup® Powermax + Ally®

M,B 500ml + 5g/100L Penetrant Spot spray

Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.


Manual Removal Manual Removal

Grub individual plants, ensuring the complete removal of the root system from the soil. Plough infested area, ensuring plants are turned over with roots completely removed from the soil. Follow up control on any new growth.

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 2.1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Seedlings only.

Registered

Horsetail (Equisetum spp.) AW

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA and obtain advice.

Manual removalGrub individual plants

Report to NRM authorities first. Grub and follow up with inspections after 6 and 12 months; horsetail has rhizomes that may be 2 metres deep.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Innocent weed (Cenchrus incertus and C. longispinus)

fluazifop-p (212g/kg) Fusilade WG® A 1.24L/ha Boom spray Dec-Jan Grass selective. If growing amongst broadleaf crops or pastures. Registered

fluazifop-p (212g/kg) Fusilade WG® A 2.4L/ha Spot spray Dec-JanCitrus crops – refer to label. Grass selective. If growing amoungst broadleaf crops or pastures.

Registered

glufosinate-ammonium (200g/L)

Basta® N 500ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Dec-JanNature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 800ml-1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Dec-JanNon selective avoid contact with desirable plants. Use higher rates on larger plants. Follow up treatment will be required.

Registered


Weedmaster®Duo M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Dec-Jan Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Grazing Dec-Jan Stop seed set.


Dispose securely to avoid dropping burrs. Follow up in the next season or after summer rains.

trifuralin (480g/kg) trifuralin 480® D

1.2L ha (light and medium soils) 1.7L/ha (heavy soils)

Boom spray Dec-JanCrops. Pre emergent herbicide. Spray before seed set. Spray from 6 weeks to just before sowing takes place.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Khaki weed (Alternanthera pungens)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 650ml/100L Spot spray Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 320-560ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray Fallow. Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 600ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non-crop. Spray at rosette stage. Registered (WA only)

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 9ml/15L Surfactant Spot spray Non-crop. Spray at rosette stage. Registered (WA only)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/1L Cut stump Providing the burrs are not mature. Cut plants off at the crown of the roots and apply immediately to the fresh cut on the roots. Zero weed wand or pain brush application is useful.


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Spot spray Won’t kill the root system, ongoing treatment required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.



Ensure the complete removal of the tuber & root system. Dig beside the root 100mm down or more.Destroy any burrs found.

Lagarosiphon (Lagarosiphon major) AW


Manual removal Dredge plants out of water and dispose by composting

Seek advice from the regional NRM Authority first. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Leafy elodea (Egeria densa) AW


Manual removal Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.

Lincoln weed (Diplotaxis tenuifolia)


Surpass®475 + Roundup® I, M 145ml + 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray July-SeptHormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered


Surpass®475 + Ally® I 145ml + 7g/100L None Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 1.7L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 115ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® B 15-20g/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Use lower rate for pre emergent treatment and higher rates post crop and weed emergence. Wheat, barley, oats, triticale and cereal rye. Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.

Registered

chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® B 20g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation. Registered


Roundup® + Ally® M,B800ml + 5-7g/100L

None Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 700ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Apply at rosette stage. Pre harvest knock down.

Registered


Ally® B 7g/ha Surfactant Boom spray In crop – cereals only. Spray seedlings. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Ally® B 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray In crop – cereals only. Spray seedlings. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Ally® + MCPA 500® B, I 7g + 2.1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Non crop areas. For rates within crops refer to label. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Hormone type herbicide – use with caution near sensitive crops. Do not spray if spray drift is likely.

Registered

Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) WoNS

Manual removal Cut stems and grub out the tubers at their base.

Grub individual plants and monitor regrowth.

picloram (43g/kg) gel Vigilant Herbicide Gel® I3-5cm thick layer of gel

None Cut stump Anytime Cut stump and apply gel immediately. Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


May or hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted None Cut stump PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B 800L + 10g/100LPenetrant + Surfactant (spray oil)

Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Access® I 1L/60L diesel NoneCut stump/ basal bark

Anytime Medium to large trees. Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L Diesel None Cut stump Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 170ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) WoNS AW



Access® I 1L/60L diesel None Basal bark AnytimeSuitable for shrubs and small trees. For smaller plants and shrubs spray the trunk from the ground up to 30cm. For large trees spray from the ground up to 100cm.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Access® I 1L/60L diesel None Cut stump AnytimeSuitable for large trees. Apply herbicide immediately after cutting the stump.

Registered


Grazon Extra® I 350ml/100L Surfactant Spot spraySpring -summer

Do not spray plants bearing pods. Registered

Mexican feathergrass (Nassella tenuissima) AW




PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)





PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS






PER 9792 (exp.2015)


PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)


Muskweed (Myagrum perfoliatum)

Seek advice Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority and obtain advice.

Noogoora burr complex (Xanthium strumarium sp. agg.)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Rate depends on crop type and crop stage – refer to label

Boom spray

When actively growing and before flower and burr formation

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping – refer to label

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 560ml-1.7L/ha Refer to label Boom spray


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-agricultural areas.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 17-22ml/10L Surfactant Spot spray


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray seedlings only.

Registered


Roundup Biactive® M 1L/100L




Registered

glyphosate (450g/L) Roundup® M 1.5-2.5L/ha Surfactant Boom spray


Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or prior to planting a crop or pasture.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/L) Roundup® M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray





HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Roundup® + Ally® M,B 1L + 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray



Registered

glyphosate-trimecium (480g/L)

Touchdown® M 700ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray


Can be used within orchards, vineyards and established trees provided a directed or shielded spray or wiper is used. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered


Banvil®M I 2.8-4L/ha None Boom spray


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Use higher rates on larger plants or plants in late flower.

Registered


Banvil®M I 190-270ml/100L None Spot spray


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Use higher rate on late flowering or larger plants.

Registered

MCPA (750g/L) Agritone®750 I 1.35L/ha Surfactant Boom spray


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray young seedlings only.

Registered


Brush-Off® B 5 or 7.5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray


Seedlings or before early flowering. Use higher rate when plants are beyond early flowering or add glyphosate. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered (NSW only)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Nutgrass or sedge nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus)


Roundup Biactive® M 10ml/1L None



Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1/100 Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered

methyl bromide (1000g/kg) fumigant

Methyl Bromide 1000® Fumigant

8A100g/square meter

None Fumigant Dangerous gas, use with caution. Registered

MSMA (800g/L) Daconate® Z12L/ha (in 500L of water)

None Boom spray Non-crop. Repeat application will be required. Registered

MSMA (800g/L) Daconate® Z 1L/100L None Spot spray Repeat application will be required. Registered

Olive (Olea europaea) – excluding cultivated trees

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Neat None Cut stump Effective on smaller plants only.PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted to 1:1 None Drill and fill PER 13371 (exp.2017)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


glyphosate (450g/kg) + triclopyr (600g/L)

Roundup® + Garlon® M, I 333ml + 33ml/1L Penetrant Cut stump Registered




Spot spray Follow up control may be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Weedmaster®Duo M 1L:1L NoneCut Stump/ drill and fill

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Brush-Off® B 15g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.PER 13371 (exp.2017)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L diesel None Basal bark Plants up to 5cm basal diameter. Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L diesel None Cut stump Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I Undiluted None Drill and fill Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 170ml/100L Spot spray Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)

Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) WoNS AW

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA and obtain advice. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved


Access® I 1L/60L diesel None Basal bark AnytimeSuitable for shrubs and small trees. For smaller plants and shrubs spray the trunk from the ground up to 30cm. For large trees spray from the ground up to 100cm.

Registered


Access® I 1L/60L diesel None Cut stump AnytimeSuitable for large trees. Apply herbicide immediately after cutting the stump.

Registered


Grazon Extra® I 350ml/100L Surfactant Spot spraySpring -summer

Do not spray plants bearing pods. Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) AW

ReportReport occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in SA.

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 40ml/100L Surfactant Spot sprayRosette stage

Registered


Inform your regional NRM office. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.


Ally® B 5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.Registered (NSW only)

Perennial ragweed (Ambrosia spp.)

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 8.8L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non-crop. Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non-crop. Registered


Obtain advice from your regional NRM authority.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Perennial thistle (Cirsium arvense)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 650ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Apply during budding stage.

Registered

clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel® I 250ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Pastures and fallow. Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Registered

clopyralid (300g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)

Lontrel® + MCPA 500® I 50ml + 1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Barley, oats, triticale, wheat – 4-5 leaf onwards. Spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm.

Registered


Lontrel® + MCPA 500® I50 or 70ml + 1-1.5L/ha


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and fallow. Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Weedmaster®Duo M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 700ml to 1.4L/ha Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Seedlings.

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 2L/ha Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Well developed plants.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Pheasant’s eye (Adonis microcarpa)

bromoxynil (200g/L) + liquid hydrocarbon (616g/L)

Bromicide®200 C 700ml-1.4L/ha Boom spray Pastures, wheat, barley, cereal, rye, oats, triticale. Use higher rates for plants with more than 4 leaves.

Registered

flumetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike® B 25g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Cropping. Registered

Pink pampas grass (Cortaderia jubata)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 2.5L/100LSurfactant or Penetrant

Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered

Manual removal Large plants need machinery such as a bobcat to grub them out.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Plumerillo (Jarava plumosa) AW

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)





PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS






PER 9792 (exp.2015)


PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



Inform your regional NRM office and obtain advice. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.

Poison buttercup (Ranunculus sceleratus)


Roundup Biactive® M 1L/100L None



Registered

MCPA (340g/L) + Dicamba (80g/L)

Banvil®M I 470ml/100L surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

MCPA (340g/L) + Dicamba (80g/L)

Banvil®M I 470ml/15L surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) AW

ReportReport occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in SA but established in the eastern States.


Roundup Biactive® M 1L/100L None


When actively growing at or beyond the early bloom stage of growth but before autumn change of color

Ensure thorough coverage is achieved.Registered (as general woody weeds)


Inform your regional NRM authority. Ensure all parts of the plant are removed from the site and destroy by burning or deep burial. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.

picloram (43g/kg) gel Vigilant Herbicide Gel® I Undiluted None Cut stump

When actively growing at or beyond the early bloom stage of growth but before autumn change of colour

Apply a 5mm layer of gel. Ensure all parts of the plant are removed from the site and destroy by burning or deep burial.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Sagittaria (arrowhead) (Sagittaria graminea) WoNS



Roundup® Biactive M 10ml/1L None Spot spray Summer

Spray at month intervals when actively growing. Apply herbicide to individual mats only – do not broadcast spray over water. Confirm ID prior to spraying. Seek advice from an NRM Officer. Undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.


Salvation Jane (Echium plantagineum)

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 1-1.7L/ha Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and non-agricultural areas. Refer to label.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) using Spray-Graze

2,4-D amine 625 I 560ml/ha Boom spray

March-May (from first rains in autumn to the end of autumn)

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures. Seek advice.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Pollen beetle (Meligethes planiusculus) Suppression only. Leaf-mining moth (Dialectica scalariella) Suppression only. Crown weevil (Mogulones larvatus) Suppression only. Flea beetle (Longitarsus echii) Suppression only. Root weevil (Mogulones geographicus) Suppression only.Consult your regional NRM Board.

chlorsulfuron (750g/kg) Glean® B 15g/ha Boom spray Crops and pastures. Refer to label. Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Boom spray

Sept-April When actively growing and before seed set

Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.Prior to sowing a crop or pasture.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Spot spray

Sept-April When actively growing and before seed set



Roundup® + Ally® M,B800ml + 10g/100L

Surfactant Spot spray Adult plants. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I700ml-4L/ha refer to label

Surfactant Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures – refer to label

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) using Spray-Graze

MCPA 500® I 500ml/ha Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

MCPA (750g/L) Agritone®750 I 270ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered


Ally® B 10g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Early in the season. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Ally® + MCPA 500® B, I 7g + 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Hormone type herbicide – use with caution near sensitive crops. Do not spray if spray drift is likely.

Registered

terbutryn 275g/L + MCPA (160g/L)

Agtryne MA® C,I 300-500ml/ha Boom spray

Pasture – Sub clover based pastures with either rye grass, phalaris, cocksfoot). Use higher rates when weeds are at the 2 leaf stage. Some reduction of clover may occure. Refer to label. Cereal crops – refer to label.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Salvinia (Salvinia spp.) WoNS AW

ReportReport occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Salvinia is usually found only as a deliberately grown water plant in SA.

diquat (200g/L) Reglone® L 400ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray

Seek advice from your regional NRM Authority. Apply as an overall spray to wet foliage thoroughly. Clear water is necessary for best results. Use the higher rate for heavy infestations or deep or dirty water. Repeat applications 7-14 days later may be necessary for control of dense infestations.

Registered

Manual removal

Dredge or skim plants out of the water and dispose by composting or drying

Seek advice from your regional NRM Authority. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.

Orange oil (55.2g/kg) + surfactants (195g/kg)

Water Clear® 1L/100L None Spot spray

Spray on free floating plants. Within artificial impoundments and enclosed bodies of water. Do not use in natural water bodies or streams where it will reach natural water bodies. Do not use in dams holding water for human consumption.

Registered

Senegal tea plant (Gymnocoronis spilanthoides) AW

Report Report to your local NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA and seek advice. Not known to occur in SA.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) AW

ReportReport occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Serrated tussock is not currently known to occur in SA.



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)





PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS






PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 2.24-3.2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Use the lower rate on infertile lightly textured soils; use the higher rate on fertile basalt soils. Suppression only if serrated tussock plants are not actively growing with long green leaves. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M560-1000ml/100L water

Surfactant Spot spray Use the lower rate on infertile lightly textured soils; use the higher rate on fertile basalt soils. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

PER 9792 (exp.2015)


Manual removal Grub individual plants.

Prior to flow seed set

Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.

Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) WoNS

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 650ml/100L Spot spray Sept-JanSoil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops.

Registered

fluroxypyr (333g/L) Starane®Advanced I 300ml/100L Spot spray Sept-Jan Follow up treatment of regrowth is critical for best control. Registered

glyphosate (540g/L) Roundup® Powermax M 6L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Sept-JanSeed suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

glyphosate (540g/L) Roundup® Powermax M 1.35L/100L Penetrant Spot spray Sept-JanSeed suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

Manual Removal Manual Removal Excavate soil to the depth of the root system, and remove plants. Permission to excavate may be required.

Mowing/Slashing Mowing/Slashing Carry out slashing before berry formation. Repeat as required throughout.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea)

(2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)) + 2,4-D amine (625g/L)

Tordon®75-D + 2,4-D amine 625

I300ml + 375ml/ha

Boom spray

Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Suppression only

Registered

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 650ml/100L Spot spray Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Suppression only. Follow up spray with glyphosate.

Registered


Surpass®475 + Roundup® I, M 1.1L + 1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Nov-Jan

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or non crop situations.

Registered


Surpass®475 + Roundup® I, M 120ml + 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Nov-JanHormone type treatment - use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

bromoxynil (200g/L) + diflufenican(25g/L) + liquid hydrocarbon (416g/L) + n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (150g/L)

Jaguar® C,F 1L/ha Boom spray Wheat, barley triticale, cereal rye crops and clover and/or lucern based pasture. Suppression only.

Registered

clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel® I 300ml/ha Spot spray Nov-Jan Cereals only – Canola. Will provide control until harvest only. Registered


Lontrel® + MCPA 500® I 500ml + 1L/ha Boom spray Nov-Jan

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cereals only – Barley, oats, triticale, wheat. Spray when rosettes are 5-15cm. Will provide control until harvest only.

Registered


Roundup® + Ally® M,B 1L + 7g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Ally® B 7g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Slender thistle (Carduus tenuiflorus)

clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel® I 50 or 70L/ha Boom spray Pastures Rosette stage to early flowering Registered



Lontrel® + MCPA 500® I50 or 70ml + 1-1.5L/ha


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards) when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. In pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates in pastures only when rosettes are larger than 30cm diameter.

Registered


MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 1L/ha Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non crop areas or fallow. Spray young plants only.

Registered

Soldier thistle (Picnomon acarna)

clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel® I 300ml/ha Surfactant Boom spray Barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5leaf stage) and canola. Spray rosettes up to 10cm diameter (4-8 leaf).

Registered




HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS



Lontrel® + MCPA 500® I200ml + 700ml/ha


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Wheat, barley oats, triticale – Apply to crop at tillering stage after the crop has 5 leaves and before the crop commences jointing.

Registered


MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 700ml-2.1L/ha Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.Grass pastures – Use low rate on seedlings and higher rates on adult plants (prior to flowering).Use 100 liters of water for best results. If clover present do not exceed 600ml/ha.Crops – refer to label.

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 75ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) - Spray Graze technique

MCPA 500® I 600ml/ha Boom spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures. Seek advice.

Registered

Soursob (Oxalis pes-caprae)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1.2L/ha Boom spray July-Sept Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot sprayJuly-Sept Appy at flowering

Apply at flowering. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Brush-Off® B 5 or 10g/ha Surfactant Boom sprayMay-July Before flowering

Use higher rates for dense stands. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered


Brush-Off® B 5g/100L Surfactant Spot sprayMay-July Before flowering

Use higher rates for dense stands. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.Not for home garden use.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare)

clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel® I 250ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Registered


Lontrel® + MCPA 500® I50-70ml + 1-1.5L/ha


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards)-refer to label. Spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. Pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.

Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I

280-560ml/ha for seedlings. 560ml-1.1L/ha for young mature plants


Grass pastures, perennial grass seed crops, direct drilling, conservation tillage, no till fallow, minimum tillage and between cropping applications. Use 110-280L of mixture/ha. Apply when thistles have at least 3-5 true leaves. Do not treat thistles beyond the rosette stage. Use higher rates on larger plants.

Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I

40ml/100L for seedlings. 76ml/100L for young mature plants

Surfactant Spot spray Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1.6-2.4L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 600ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered


Kamba M® I 190-270ml/100L Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Use higher rates on larger plants

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500 I 700ml-2L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Apply at Rosette stage. Do not exceed 1.5L/ha within sub clover seed crops. Use higher rates on larger plants. Refer to label.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa)


Roundup Biactive® M 1.5-2L/100L None


Oct-JanSuitable for use near waterways - refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M Undiluted to 1:4 None Cut stump Oct-Jan Apply to cut stump immediately.PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Roundup® + Brush-off® M,B800ml-1L + 10g/100L

Penetrant Spot spray Oct-JanNon selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)

glyphosate (540g/L) Roundup® Powermax M 1-1.35L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Oct-JanUse higher rates for plants larger than 1.5m. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered

Manual removal Oct-Jan Grub individual plants.


Brush-Off® B 15g/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-Jan Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Grazon DS® I 350ml/100L Penetreant Spot spray Oct-Jan For plants up to 1.5m tall. Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L diesel NoneBasal Bark or cut stump

Oct-JanNature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 1L/30L diesel None Cut stump Oct-JanDiesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

Registered

triclopyr (600g/L) Garlon® I 170ml/100L Penetrant Spot spray Oct-JanNature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.

PER 12932 (exp.2016)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Texas needlegrass (Nassella leucotricha)

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)



PER 9792 (exp.2015)





PER 9792 (exp.2015)





PER 9792 (exp.2015)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 2.4L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 9792 (exp.2015)



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS




PER 9792 (exp.2015)


Three corner jack (Emex australis)

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered (under general weeds)


Brush-Off® B 5-10g/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Established pastures – refer to label. Apply up to 6 leaf stage. Use higher rates for dense infestations. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered (WA only)

terbutryn 275g/L + MCPA (160g/L)

Agtryne MA® C,I 1.5L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Cereal crops only. Apply at the 1-4 leaf stage.

Registered

Three cornered garlic (Allium triquetrum)

CultivationCultivation and pasture improvement.

On arable land it can be controlled over 3-4 years of repeated cultivations. In pastures prevent seed production by mowing, slashing or heavy grazing of flowering stems. Combine this with pasture improvement.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 1L/100LSurfactant or penetrant

Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Weedmaster®Duo M 1L/3L NoneWiper sponge or brush



Brush-Off® B 10g/400L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.PER 13371 (exp.2017)


Brush-Off® B 2.5g/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.Not for home garden use.

PER 13371 (exp.2017)

Three-horned bedstraw (Galium tricornutum)

carfentrazone-ethyl (400g/kg) + MCPA (500g/L)

Affinity® + MCPA 500® G,I 50g + 500ml Boom spray Cereals – Post emergent. Registered

flumetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike® B 25g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Post emergent. 6 whorls up to 10cm high.

Registered

imazethapyr (700g/L) Spinnaker® B 70-100g/ha Surfactant Boom spray In faba beans and field peas – pre and post emergent. Refer to label.

Registered

Toetoe (Cortaderia richardii) AW




HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 10-13ml/1LSurfactant (if away from from waterways)

Spot spray Sept-MayFor best results apply after flowering. Use higher rate for plants over 1m. For easier access slash or burn plants and allow to regrow to 1m.

Registered

Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 150-300ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Rosette to pre flowering.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 560ml-1.7L/ha Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray at rosette stage. Use higher rates for larger plants. Pastures, non agricultural areas and conservation Tillage (direct drilling, surface sowing or fallow maintenance). Pasture legumes including Lucerne, clovers and medics may be damaged unless well protected by grasses. Spot spraying is preferred.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 2,4-D amine 625 I 95ml/100L Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray at rosette stage.

Registered

clopyralid (300g/L) Lontrel® I 50 or 70L/ha Boom spray Pastures – Rosette stage to early flowering. Registered



Lontrel® + MCPA 500® I50-70ml + 1-1.5L/ha


Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.Use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards). Refer to label. Spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. Pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M

800ml-1L/ha – less than 12cm diameter rosettes 1-1.6L/ha –greater than 12cm diameter rosettes

Boom spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Use higher rates on larger plants. Prior to sowing a crop, fallow, non agricultural areas.

Registered


MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 700ml-1.5L/ha Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray seedlings only. Use lower rates for seedlings and higher rates for larger plants. Use 2L/ha for well developed plants.

Registered

MCPA (500g/L) MCPA 500® I 100-133ml/100L Spot spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray seedlings only. Use lower rates for seedlings and higher rates for larger plants.

Registered

Water caltrop (Trapa natans) AW

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not currently known to occur in Australia.



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Water dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides)

glyphosate (360g/kg) Roundup Biactive® M 1L/100L


This species is not listed specifically on any registered herbicide label. Roundup Biactive® covers weeds in general and is suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.


Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) WoNS AW


diquat (200g/L) Reglone® L 400ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray

Seek advice from a local NRM Authority. Apply as an overall spray to wet foliage thoroughly. Clear water is necessary for best results. Use the higher rate for heavy infestations or deep or dirty water. Repeat applications 7-14 days later may be necessary for control of dense infestations.

Registered


Roundup Biactive® M 10-13ml/1L

Surfactant (if away from waterways). None (if near or within waterways)


Apply when actively growing, at or beyond the early bloom stage. Monitor site until eradication has been achieved. Use higher rate on dense infestations. Suitable for use near waterways - refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Manual removal

Skim plants off the water and dispose by drying or composting

Seek advice from the local NRM Authority first. Monitor site until eradication has been achieved.

Water soldier (Stratiotes aloides) AW

Report Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in Australia.

Manual removal

Skim plants off the water and dispose by drying or composting

Seek advice from your regional NRM Authority first. Monitor site until eradication has been achieved.

Wild artichoke (Cynara cardunculus)

2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)

Tordon®75-D I 125ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Use double rate at flowering.

Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 1.6L/ha Surfactant Boom Spray Spray prior to flowering. Registered

dicamba (500g/L) Kamba 500® I 100ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Spray prior to flowering. Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 2.4L/ha Surfactant Boom spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply at rosette stage.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 400ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply at rosette stage.

Registered

Manual Removal Grub plants Manual Removal Ensure that the root system is removed to a depth of 150mm.

MCPA (250g/L) MCPA 250 I 2.1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non crops areas, fallow, rights of way. Apply at rosette stage. Crop and pasture rates – refer to label

Registered

MCPA (250g/L) MCPA 250 I 140ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Apply at rosette stage.

Registered

Willows (Salix spp.) WoNS


Roundup Biactive® M Undiluted None Cut stump Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Cut stump and apply herbicide immediately.

Registered




For plants less than 2m tall. Add a penetrant of applying away from waterways. Use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.

Registered


Roundup Biactive® M Undiluted None Stem inject Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Basal diameter 0-25cm 1ml/cut, basal diameter 25-60cm 2ml/cut.

Registered

Manual Removal Remove by hand or machinery

picloram (43g/kg) gel Vigilant Herbicide Gel® I 3-5mm thick layer None Cut stump Cut stump and apply herbicide immediately. Registered



HERBICIDE GROUP


REQUIRED ADDITIONS

APPLICATION METHODS


Yellow burrweed (Amsinckia spp).

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 24-D amine 625 I 0.56-1.7L/ha Boom spray

Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and non-agricultural areas. Pasture legumes including Lucerne, clover and medics may be damaged unless well protected by grasses. Spot spraying is preferred. Use lower rates on seedlings and higher rates on larger plants.

Registered

2,4-D amine (625g/L) 24-D amine 625 I 73ml/100L Spot spray Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.

Registered

flumetsulam (800g/kg) Broadstrike® B 25g/ha Surfactant Boom spray Crops and pastures – refer to label. Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 800ml-1L/ha Surfactant Boom spray

Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Prior to sowing a crop or pasture with full soil disturbance by cultivations or sowing with a tyned implement. Use higher rates late in the season or when treating under cold/overcast conditions.

Registered

glyphosate (450g/kg) Roundup® M 800ml/100L Surfactant Spot spray Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Registered

Manual removal Manual Removal Hand pull individual plants. Ensure plant is not seeding.


Ally® B 5 or7g/100L Surfactant Boom spray Use higher rate for larger weeds or dense infestations. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.

Registered

terbutryn 275g/L + MCPA amine (160g/L)

Agtryne MA® C,I 1l/ha Boom spray Cropping – refer to label comments. Registered

triasulfuron (750g/kg) Logran®750WG B 30g/ha Boom Pre emergent control within wheat and other cereal crops – refer to label. Registered


Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia. Alert Weeds Fact sheets (various). Urrbrae, South Australia. Viewed May 2012, www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds/sa_alert_weeds/sa_alert_weed_list

Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia (2009). Branched Broomrape On Farm Management Handbook. Urrbrae, South Australia. Viewed April 2012, www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/branched_broomrape/broomrape_management

Environment Protection Authority (2005). Guidelines for Responsible Pesticide Use. Adelaide , South Australia. Viewed June 2012, www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Water/Guideline/guide_pesticides.pdf

Environment Protection Authority (2007). Safe and Effective Herbicide Use: A handbook for near-water application produced by the Environment Protection Authority. Adelaide, South Australia. Viewed June 2012, www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Water/Other/pesticide_water.pdf

Ivory, S. and Mantel, S. (2013) A Guide to Biological Control in South Australia. South Australian Research and Development Institute. Pdf available at www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds/biological_control_of_weeds

Kondinin Group (2010). Field Crop Herbicide Guide 8. Perth, Western Australia.

NSW Department of Primary Industries (2011). Noxious and Environmental Weed Control Handbook, A Guide To Weed Control In Non-Crop, Aquatic and Bushland Situations 5th Edition. Grafton, New South Wales. Viewed June 2012 , www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/123317/Noxious-and-environmental-weed-control-handbook.pdf

South Australian Murray-Darling Basin Natural Resources Management Board, Pest Plants facts sheets (various). Murray Bridge, South Australia. Viewed May 2012, www.samdbnrm.sa.gov.au/Land/PestAnimalPlantControlProgram/PestPlantIdentification.aspx

Weeds Society of Queensland Inc. (2011). Weeds of Southern Queensland 3rd edition. Toowoomba, Queensland.

Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority – Registered products and permit searches: www.apvma.gov.au

Biosecurity SA – Primary Industries and Regions SA – Weed identification and weed information: www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity

Environment Protection Authority – Information regarding safe herbicide use: www.epa.sa.gov.au

Natural Resources Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges – Weed identification and information: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au

Natural Resources Alinytjara Wilurara – Weed identification and information: www.awnrm.sa.gov.au

Natural Resources Eyre Peninsula – Weed identification and information: www.epnrm.sa.gov.au

Natural Resources Kangaroo Island – Weed identification and information: www.kinrm.sa.gov.au

Natural Resources Northern and Yorke – Weed information: www.nynrm.sa.gov.au

Natural Resources South Australian Arid Lands – Weed identification and information: www.saalnrm.sa.gov.au

Natural Resources South Australian Murray-Darling Basin – Aquatic and other weed identification and information: www.samdbnrm.sa.gov.au

Natural Resources South East – Weed identification and information: www.senrm.sa.gov.au

Weed Management Society of South Australia Inc. – Weed identification and information: www.wmssa.org.au

Weeds Australia – the national weed website: www.weeds.org.au

WeedSmart – Information on herbicide resistance: www.weedsmart.org.au

REFERENCES

USEFUL WEBSITES


IMAGE CREDITSAfrican feathergrass – © Matt Baker and Tasmanian Herbarium – ‘Australian Plant Image Index (APII)

African lovegrass – USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

African lovegrass – Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org

Alkali sida – Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org

Arrowhead (plant(s) – Troy Evans, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Bugwood.org

Athel pine – Ben Shepherd

Bellyache bush (flower) – Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Bellyache bush (leaf) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Bathurst burr (flowerhead) – John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org

Bathurst burr (leaf shape) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org

Bifora (flowers, fruit, infestation, plant) – Thomas Meyer

Blackberry (fruit) – Kate Blood

Bladder campion – R.A. Howard @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

Broad-kernel espartillo (habit) – Ximena Nazal M., Chile, www.viverosangabriel.cl

Broad-kernel espartillo (seed head) – Ximena Nazal M., Chile, www.viverosangabriel.cl

Bulbil watsonia (cormels) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Bulbil watsonia (flower heads) – Kate Blood

Cane needlegrass (seedhead) – J.Miller © Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research

Catsclaw creeper – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Chilean needlegrass (seed heads) – Charles Grech

Chilean needlegrass (habit) – Jenny Conolly

Coolatai grass (plant) – Paul Gillen

Cutleaf mignonette – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org

Dodder – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Eurasian watermilfoil – Barry Rice, sarracenia.com, Bugwood.org

Field bindweed ( flower/s) – Norman E. Rees, USDA Agricultural Research Service – Retired, Bugwood.org Field bindweed (infestation) – Norman E. Rees, USDA Agricultural Research Service – Retired, Bugwood.org

Field garlic (flower & seedhead) – Ohio State Weed Lab archive, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org

Fireweed – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Gamba grass – Nathan March, Qdaff

Horehound – John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org

Horsetail – Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org

Lagarosiphon – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org

Lagarosiphon (plant) – Rohan Wells, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Bugwood.org

Leafy elodea (plant) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org

Leafy elodea (structure) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org

Lincoln weed (habit) – Adrian Harvey

Lincoln weed (flowers) – Adrian Harvey

Madeira vine – The Nature Conservancy Archive, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org

May or Hawthorn (flower/s) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org

May or Hawthorn (fruits) – Piero Amorati, ICCroce – Casalecchio di Reno, Bugwood.org

Mesquite (flowers) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Mexican feather grass – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Muskweed – Andrea Moro, luirig.altervista.org/pics

Noogoora burr complex – Jan Samanek, State Phytosanitary Administration, Bugwood.org

Nutgrass – Charles T. Bryson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org

Olive – Piero Amorati, ICCroce – Casalecchio di Reno, Bugwood.org

Parkinsonia – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Parthenium – Charles T. Bryson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org

Parthenium – QDEEDI

Perennial ragweed – Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org

Pheasant’s eye – Math Knight, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adonis-microcarpa001.jpg

Plumerillo – Ximena Nazal M., Chile, www.viverosangabriel.cl

Poison buttercup – Carey Minteer, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org

Primrose willow – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Senegal tea plant (flower/s) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Senegal tea plant (stem/s) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org

Skeleton weed – Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Skeleton weed (leaf) – Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org

Slender thistle – Eric Coombs, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org

Soldier thistle – Javia Martin

Soursob (flower/s) – Barry Rice, sarracenia.com, Bugwood.org Soursob (foliage) – Barry Rice, sarracenia.com, Bugwood.org

Spear thistle – Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org

Sweet briar – Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org

Texas needle grass – Larry Allain

Three horned bedstraw – Chris Evans, Illinois Wildlife Action Plan, Bugwood.org

Three cornered garlic (plant(s) – Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org

Toe toe (flowerhead) – J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Toe toe (plant) – J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

Water caltrop (infestation) – John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org

Water dropwort – Erin Stockschlaeder, Fairfax County Park Authority, Bugwood.org

Water hyacinth (flower) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Water hyacinth (swollen leaf base) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org

Water soldier – R.A. Howard, USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

Willow – Richard Webb, Self-employed horticulurist, Bugwood.org

Yellow burrweed – Paul Gillen

All other images belong to Biosecurity SA, Weeds & Pest Animals, (PIRSA) www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds

Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South...

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