Wednesday January 16, 2013
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Transcript of Wednesday January 16, 2013
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WednesdayJanuary 16, 2013(Physical Properties of
Minerals – Streak, Hardness, and Cleavage; Begin Studying Mineral
Samples)
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The Launch PadWednesday, 1/16/13
The pictures illustrate three
types of ______, which is
a _________.
quartzmineral
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AnnouncementsHappy Appreciate a Dragon
Day!
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AnnouncementsI will be available after
school today until 5:00.
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Assignment Currently Open
Summative or
Formative?Date Issued Date Due Date Into
GradeSpeed Final Day
Quiz 14 S4 12/12 12/12 12/19 1/16
Lab – Fossils F2 1/9 1/10 1/18
Quiz 15 S5 12/11 12/11 1/15 1/29
Video WS – Geologist's Notebook – What
Exactly Are Minerals?F3 1/14 1/18 1/18
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Recent Events in ScienceNeon Lights Up Exploding Stars
Read All About It!www.sciencedaily.com/releases/201
3/01/130115085527.htm
An international team of nuclear astrophysicists has shed new light on the explosive stellar events known as
novae.These dramatic explosions are driven
by nuclear processes and make previously unseen stars visible for a
short time. The team of scientists measured the nuclear structure of the radioactive neon produced through
this process in unprecedented detail.Their findings, reported in the journal Physical Review Letters, show there is much less uncertainty in how quickly one of the key nuclear reactions will
occur as well as in the final abundance of radioactive isotopes than has
previously been suggested.
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MineralsThe Building Blocks
of Rocks
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Minerals - The Building Blocks of Rocks o Recall from chemistry that elements
and compounds are collectively known as “substances.”
o Elements bond together to form “compounds.”
o Elements and compounds have a definite chemical formula.o ex.) Elements: Na is sodium and Cl is
chlorine.o ex.) Compound: NaCl is sodium
chloride, or common table salt.o In geology, we normally call rocky
elements and compounds “minerals.”o Sodium chloride is called rock salt, or
halite, when we’re discussing minerals.
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Figure 2.2
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Minerals - The Building Blocks of Rocks A mineral is a naturally
occurring, solid chemical substance that has a
characteristic chemical composition that can be expressed by chemical
symbols and formulas.By comparison, a rock, which we will study later, is a mixture of minerals and does not have a specific
chemical composition.
Minerals range in composition from pure elements and simple salts to very
complex silicates with thousands of known forms.
The study of minerals is called mineralogy.
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Figure 2.3
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Minerals - The Building Blocks of Rocks A mineral is naturally
occurring, inorganic, solid in phase, possesses an
orderly internal structure of atoms, and has a
definite chemical composition.
Fluorite
CalciteQuartz
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Minerals - The Building Blocks of Rocks Physical properties
of minerals Streak
When you rub a mineral on a flat surface, the color of the powder left behind on the
streak plate is the mineral's streak.
The streak and color of some minerals are the same. For others, the streak may be
quite different from the color.
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Although the color of a mineral may not be very helpful in identification, the streak, which is the color of the
powered mineral, can be very useful.
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Minerals - The Building Blocks of Rocks
Physical properties of minerals
HardnessMineral hardness is based on
the ability of one natural sample of matter to scratch
another.Diamond is the hardest
known naturally occurring substance, whereas talc is the
least hard.
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Minerals - The Building Blocks of Rocks
Physical properties of minerals
HardnessThe hardness of a material is
measured against the Mohs scale by finding the hardest material that
the given material can scratch, and/or the softest material that can scratch the given material.
For example, if some material is scratched by apatite but not by
fluorite, its hardness on the Mohs scale would fall between 4 and 5.
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Figure 2.13
Mohs Scale of Hardness
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Minerals - The Building Blocks of Rocks
Physical properties of minerals
CleavageIn mineral terms, cleavage describes how a crystal breaks when subject to
stress on a particular plane.If part of a crystal breaks due to stress and the broken piece retains a smooth plane or crystal shape, the mineral has
cleavage.A mineral that never produces any
crystallized fragments when broken off due to stress has no cleavage.
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Cleavage
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Begin Studying Mineral Samples