Webinar: MMC- Technologies - PSCAD...2. dq decoupled vector current control 3. Half and H-bridge...
Transcript of Webinar: MMC- Technologies - PSCAD...2. dq decoupled vector current control 3. Half and H-bridge...
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MMC- Technologies
Presenters: Juan Carlos Garcia and Farid MosallatFebruary 26 - 2015
Webinar:
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1. Modular multi-level converters2. dq decoupled vector current control3. Half and H-bridge converters4. Detailed equivalent models of MMC valves5. Simulation of a two-terminal system6. Simulation of a dc-fault and re-start process (half- and H-bridge
MMCs)7. Setup of a three-terminal system (on-line demonstration – if time
allows)8. Questions
Table of contents
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
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If you have questions during the Webinar
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
• Please e-mail PSCAD Support at
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∠0 ∠
Grid-connected VSC:Operation principle
Neglecting R:
V
E
jXLII
V
E jXLII
Supplying P:
Absorbing P:
Supplying Q:
Absorbing Q:
I V
E
jXLIδ
V
EjXLII δ
sin
cos
∗ ⇒
∠0 ∠
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Phase Locked Loop (PLL)
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
t [s] 2.520 2.540 2.560 2.580 2.600 2.620 2.640 2.660 2.680 2.700
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
[Hz]
fsrc f (PLL)
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
[rad]
Theta
-0.60 -0.50 -0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10
[kV]
Vq
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
[kV]
Cos(Theta) Va
Extracting the phase angle of phase-A voltage
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Basic control modes: (P/VDC), (Q/VAC)
Control modes for grid-connected operation
VabcPLL θ
abc
dq
θ
Iabc idq
abc
dq
θ
Vabc vdq
1: P control
2: Vdc
control
Q*
-Q
PId/dt
Rate limiter
d/dt
Rate limiter
Vac*
DacQ
VAC droop
Vrms
- PI
1: Q control
2: Vac controlVAC droop controller
VAC controller
Q controller
Current limiter id*
iq*
Imax
iq1*
Decoupledcurrent
controller
id iq
vd*
vq*
dq
abc
θVabc
*
Valve controls
P*
-PPI
d/dt
Rate limiter
d/dt
Rate limiter
Vdc*
-Vdc
PI
VDC controller
P controller
id1*
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Current vector control with PLL locking to phase A voltage (cosine function)
L
vd
x1ed
iq
+- -
L
vq
x2eq
id
+-+
PI
PI
+-
-+
id*
iq*
Decoupled current control strategy
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDCVDCVDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
VDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDCVDCVDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDCVDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
![Page 20: Webinar: MMC- Technologies - PSCAD...2. dq decoupled vector current control 3. Half and H-bridge converters 4. Detailed equivalent models of MMC valves 5. Simulation of a two-terminal](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042909/5f3b94b8ece3396b8f08b1ea/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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: Graphs
sec 0.0000 0.0050 0.0100 0.0150 0.0200
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
E reference Eac MMC
VDC
Modular multilevel converters
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
VDC
VDCVDC
VDC
VDC
VDC
+VDC/2
-VDC/2
EV
VAC
![Page 21: Webinar: MMC- Technologies - PSCAD...2. dq decoupled vector current control 3. Half and H-bridge converters 4. Detailed equivalent models of MMC valves 5. Simulation of a two-terminal](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042909/5f3b94b8ece3396b8f08b1ea/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
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Types of MMC
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
Siemens diagramHalf-Bridge MMC 2009
Note: Filters not required
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VSC Valves: MMC
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
ABB diagram
Half-Bridge – Cascaded 2-level converter
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VSC Valves: MMC
Full- or H-bridge cells
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Half-bridge MMC
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
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Half-bridge MMC
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
Three operating states in the half-bridge cell
State description GatesInsert +Vc (T2)
Bypass capacitor (T1)Blocked None
Forbidden (T1,T2)
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Half-bridge MMC
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
2
2
D +
F
-
Vac_refTVdc
*0.5
Vac_ref
D +
F
+
Vac_refBVdc
*0.5
Vac_ref
Note: Half-bridge CAN NOT generate 0
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Half-bridge MMC
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
2 2
2⁄ 00 2⁄ 2⁄
2⁄ 0
Assuming modulating index = 1
2
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Capacitor balancing: sorting method – Half-bridge cell
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
iac < 0 iac > 0Inserted cell Discharges capacitor Charges capacitor
Bypassed cell
Prevents discharging of capacitor
Prevents charging of capacitor
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Capacitor balancing: sorting method – Half-bridge cell
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
Actionrequested iac < 0 iac > 0Insert cell Insert cell with highest voltage Insert cell with lowest voltage
Bypass cell Bypass cell with lowest voltage Bypass cell with highest voltage
IGBT firing strategy
PWM, Level switching
Request for insertion or bypass of a cell capacitor
Measurements
Vcapacitors, Iac
Ordering of capacitors by voltage
Firing order according to table below
IGBT Firing orders
Balanced capacitor voltages
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 30
Low Level Controls
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
Stages
Reference voltage waves
IGBT firing strategy
PWM, NLC, etc.
Half-bridge cell Capacitor balancing algorithm
Balanced capacitor voltages
Sinusoidal(*)
AC voltages
(*) or with harmonic content as required
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 31
H-bridge MMC (full-bridge)
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
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H-bridge
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
Four operating states
T1 T2
T3 T4
State description Gates
Insert +Vc (T1,T4)
Insert -Vc (T3,T2)
Bypass capacitor (T1,T2) or (T3,T4)
Blocked None
Forbidden (T1,T3) & (T2,T4)
State description Gates
Insert +Vc (T1,T4)Insert -Vc (T3,T2)
Bypass capacitor (T1,T2) or (T3,T4)
Blocked None
Forbidden (T1,T3) & (T2,T4)
State description Gates
Insert +Vc (T1,T4)
Insert -Vc (T3,T2)Bypass capacitor (T1,T2) or (T3,T4)
Blocked None
Forbidden (T1,T3) & (T2,T4)
State description Gates
Insert +Vc (T1,T4)
Insert -Vc (T3,T2)
Bypass capacitor (T1,T2) or (T3,T4)
Blocked None
Forbidden (T1,T3) & (T2,T4)
State description Gates
Insert +Vc (T1,T4)
Insert -Vc (T3,T2)
Bypass capacitor (T1,T2) or (T3,T4)Blocked None
Forbidden (T1,T3) & (T2,T4)
State description Gates
Insert +Vc (T1,T4)
Insert -Vc (T3,T2)
Bypass capacitor (T1,T2) or (T3,T4)
Blocked NoneForbidden (T1,T3) & (T2,T4)
State description Gates
Insert +Vc (T1,T4)
Insert -Vc (T3,T2)
Bypass capacitor (T1,T2) or (T3,T4)
Blocked None
Forbidden (T1,T3) & (T2,T4)
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 33
H-bridge
2
2
D +
F
-
Vac_refTVdc
*0.5
Vac_ref
D +
F
+
Vac_refBVdc
*0.5
Vac_ref
Note: H-bridge CAN generate 0
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 34
Half-bridge MMC
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
2 2
1.25 2⁄ 0.125 1.1252⁄ 0
0 2⁄ 2⁄
2⁄ 0
1.25 2⁄ 1.125 0.125
Assuming modulating index = 1.25
1.25 2
1.125
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 35
Modelling techniques:MMC valves
• Simulation of MMC VSCs can involve hundreds of nodes. This significantly reduces simulation speed. Half-
bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Half-bridge
Vdc
Q1
Q2
C
Can be in the order of a few hundred cells
per arm
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 36
• Using Thevenin equivalent:(detailed equivalent model)
Q1
Q2
C
U. N. Gnanarathna, A. M. Gole, and R. P.Jayasinghe, "Efficient Modeling of Modular Multilevel HVDC Converters (MMC) on Electromagnetic Transient Simulation Programs," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol.26, no.1, pp.316-324, Jan. 2011
Modelling techniques:MMC valves
![Page 37: Webinar: MMC- Technologies - PSCAD...2. dq decoupled vector current control 3. Half and H-bridge converters 4. Detailed equivalent models of MMC valves 5. Simulation of a two-terminal](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042909/5f3b94b8ece3396b8f08b1ea/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 37
• Using Thevenin equivalent:(detailed equivalent model)
• This type of model is identified in CIGRE WB B4-57 as model Type-4
• This model is good for system wide studies and for most DC fault simulations
Modelling techniques:MMC valves
Ic24
Ic23
Ic22
Ic21
Ic20
Ic19
Ic18
Ic17
Ic16
Ic15
Ic14
Ic13
Ic12
Ic11
Ic10
Ic9
Ic8
Ic7
Ic6
Ic5
Ic4
Ic3
Ic2
Ic1
FP15
FP16
FP14
FP13
FP17
FP18
FP20
FP19
FP23
FP24
FP22
FP21
Vc24
Vc23
Vc22
Vc21
Vc19
Vc20
Vc18
Vc17
Vc16
Vc15
Vc14
Vc13
Vc12
Vc11
Vc10
Vc9
Vc8
Vc7
Vc6
Vc5
Vc4
Vc3
Vc2
Vc1
FP3
FP4
FP2
FP1
FP5
FP6
FP8
FP7
FP11
FP12
FP10
FP9
N1
N1
n2l
i1l
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+
-
+ 100s of nodes into 3 nodes
Ic
Vc
x10
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 38
Grid AC network in black start
mode© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
Converter 1: Grid-connected mode ⟶Controls Vdc and Q (or Vac) Converter 2: Grid-connected mode ⟶Controls P and Q (or Vac) – in black start
mode
Start-up sequence
Converter 1• Energize transformer & Pre-
charge• Bypass pre-insertion resistor• Deblock converter 1• Regulate Vdc
Converter 2After Vdc is regulated:• Deblock converter 2• Regulate Vac• Ramp-up power transfer
Converter 1 Converter 2
Vac
VdcVdc
P
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 39
Start-up sequence
t [s] 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
(p.
u.)
Vac - onshore
-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00
(p.
u.)
Iac T - Onshore
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60 0.80
1.00
1.20
(p.
u.)
Vdc at onshore terminal (P-P)
-0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80
(p.
u.)
Idc (onshore -> offshore)
t [s] 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60
-1.25
1.25
(p.
u.)
Vac - Offshore
-0.40
-0.20
0.00
0.20
0.40
(p.
u.)
Iac - Offshore
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
(p.
u.)
Vdc at offshore terminal (P-P)
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
(p.
u.)
Idc (offshore->onshore)
VPCC-T1
VDC-T1
IDC-T1
IAC-T1
VAC-T2
VDC-T2
IDC-T2
IAC-T2
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 40
Half-bridge DC faults performance
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
• Sustained DC faults (unlike LCC)
• Most systems (except one) use cables: • No need for fast re-energization• Cables experience low occurrence of faults• Fault clearing by opening AC breaker
Applies to conventional 2-Level VSC andHalf-bridge MMC
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 41
Half-bridge DC faults performance
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
• Most systems use cables: • No need for fast re-energization• Cables experience low occurrence of faults• Fault clearing by opening AC breaker
![Page 42: Webinar: MMC- Technologies - PSCAD...2. dq decoupled vector current control 3. Half and H-bridge converters 4. Detailed equivalent models of MMC valves 5. Simulation of a two-terminal](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042909/5f3b94b8ece3396b8f08b1ea/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 42© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
DC faults in VSC systems with Overhead Lines (OHL)• High fault event frequency with OHL• Need fast re-energization (re-closing) (400-500 ms) to prevent
AC system movement• DC breakers are required in order to achieve fast re-
energization of DC system
Half-bridge DC faults performance
DC Breaker
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 43© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
DC-Breakers
Half-bridge DC faults performance
Low voltagePE switch
Fastdisconnect
High voltagePE switch
1. Overcurrent or DC fault under voltage front detected
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 44© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
DC-Breakers
Half-bridge DC faults performance
Low voltagePE switch
Fastdisconnect
High voltagePE switch
1. Overcurrent or DC fault under voltage front detected
2. De-block HV PE switch
![Page 45: Webinar: MMC- Technologies - PSCAD...2. dq decoupled vector current control 3. Half and H-bridge converters 4. Detailed equivalent models of MMC valves 5. Simulation of a two-terminal](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042909/5f3b94b8ece3396b8f08b1ea/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 45© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
DC-Breakers
Half-bridge DC faults performance
Low voltagePE switch
Fastdisconnect
High voltagePE switch
1. Overcurrent or DC fault under voltage front detected
2. De-block HV PE switch
3. Open LV PE switch
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 46© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
DC-Breakers
Half-bridge DC faults performance
Low voltagePE switch
Fastdisconnect
High voltagePE switch
1. Overcurrent or DC fault under voltage front detected
2. De-block HV PE switch
3. Open LV PE switch
4. Current transferred to HV PE switch
![Page 47: Webinar: MMC- Technologies - PSCAD...2. dq decoupled vector current control 3. Half and H-bridge converters 4. Detailed equivalent models of MMC valves 5. Simulation of a two-terminal](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042909/5f3b94b8ece3396b8f08b1ea/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 47© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
DC-Breakers
Half-bridge DC faults performance
Low voltagePE switch
Fastdisconnect
High voltagePE switch
1. Overcurrent or DC fault under voltage front detected
2. De-block HV PE switch
3. Open LV PE switch
4. Current transferred to HV PE switch
5. Open fast disconnect
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 48© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
DC-Breakers
Half-bridge DC faults performance
Low voltagePE switch
Fastdisconnect
High voltagePE switch
1. Overcurrent or DC fault under voltage front detected
2. De-block HV PE switch
3. Open LV PE switch
4. Current transferred to HV PE switch
5. Open fast disconnect
6. Open HV PE switch
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 49© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
DC-Breakers
Half-bridge DC faults performance
Low voltagePE switch
Fastdisconnect
High voltagePE switch
1. Overcurrent or DC fault under voltage front detected
2. De-block HV PE switch
3. Open LV PE switch
4. Current transferred to HV PE switch
5. Open fast disconnect
6. Open HV PE switch
7. DC current extinguished & energy dissipated in arresters
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 50
Fault clearance in H-bridge VSC systems (by blocking)
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
0 2
0 • Therefore lac=0 after blocking since
dcAC VmVpkLL
3
dcc Vv dcdc VVm 23
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 51
Simulation of DC faults in a two-terminal system
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
System description
• T1: P control• T2: Vdc control• T1 & T2 in Vac control
34.1 [m]
15.5 [m]
C1 C2
Conductors: chukar
Tower: DC12
0 [m]
G1
12.7 [m]
.4572 [m]
Ground_Wires: 1/2_HighStrengthSteel
TL Freq. dependent model
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 52
Simulation of DC faults in a two-terminal system
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
DC Faults applied
• At close and remote terminals• Middle of the line• Low impedance faults (0.1 ohm)
DC Faults detection• Valve overcurrent (2.7 kA level)• DC voltage drop (40% of diode rectifier voltage
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 53
Simulation of DC faults in a two-terminal system
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
Converter 1
x 1.960 1.980 2.000 2.020 2.040 2.060 2.080 2.100
-1.3k-1.0k-0.8k-0.5k-0.3k0.0 0.3k0.5k0.8k
(kV
)
Edc1
-10.0 -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
10.0
(kA
)
Idc 1->2
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
(kV
)
Phase voltages T1
-10.0 -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
10.0
(kA
)
Iac T1
Converter 2
x 1.960 1.980 2.000 2.020 2.040 2.060 2.080 2.100
-1.3k-1.0k-0.8k-0.5k-0.3k0.0 0.3k0.5k0.8k
(kV
)
Edc2
-10.0 -7.5 -5.0 -2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5
10.0
(kA
)
Idc 2->1
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
(kV
)
Phase voltages T2
-10.0 -8.0 -6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
10.0
(kA
)
Iac T2
• The total time to restore 90% power was 450ms
• Including 200 ms de-ionization time
Main : Graphs
x 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.00 2.45 0.45
-0.4k-0.2k0.0 0.2k0.4k0.6k0.8k1.0k1.2k
(M
W)
0.9004k 0.8044k -0.0959k
Min -0.0108k Max 0.9006k
P1 (-) P2
Edc1 Edc2
Idc 12 Idc 21
Vac T1 Vac T2
Iac T1 Iac T2
0.0 0.0
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© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 54
Three-terminal system:Demonstration setup
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
• Starting with the two-terminal system from CIGRE B4-57• If time allows
![Page 55: Webinar: MMC- Technologies - PSCAD...2. dq decoupled vector current control 3. Half and H-bridge converters 4. Detailed equivalent models of MMC valves 5. Simulation of a two-terminal](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022042909/5f3b94b8ece3396b8f08b1ea/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd. 55
Questions
© Manitoba HVDC Research Centre | a division of Manitoba Hydro International Ltd.
• Please e-mail PSCAD Support at