Web2 html

22-3376 Web Design 2 // Columbia College Chicago

INTRO/HTML

shawncalvert.com/webdesign-2 !

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TO DO

Review syllabus and resources page Download web2-questions.txt, then type out answers

http://shawncalvert.com/webdesign-2

Q.

Name Major HTML/CSS experience (beyond web1 1) What is your favorite design project ever?

Q.

Name Major HTML/CSS experience (beyond web1 1) What is your favorite design project ever?

Q.

What make a good site? (3 qualities) What is outdated in web design? (3) List 3 site you visit most

Hyper Text+

Markup Language

Hyper Text

Markup Language

A markup language is a set of markup tags.

The purpose of the tags are to describe page content.

Markup Language

Without any markup to give your content structure, the browser renders unformatted as unstyled text, also known as “plain text”.

Semantic Markup

HTML tags give structure and meaning to your content. “Semantic markup” refers to the use of meaningful tags to describe content (e.g. using header tags for header content).

Rich Text to Plain Text

Just as with InDesign, when you receive text from someone that has already been formatted (e.g. from Word), you should always paste that text into TextEdit, and convert to plain text.


In TextEdit, go to ‘Format’ to ‘Make Plain Text.’


Copy and paste the plain text into your HTML and start typing in tags to recreate the document structure.

HTML Elements

Anatomy of an Element

An HTML element includes both the HTML tag and everything between

the tag (the content).

<tag>Content</tag>


The element tag gives the content structure and meaning.

<tag>Content</tag>


Tags normally come in pairs. The first tag is the start tag, and the second

tag is the end tag.

<tag>Content</tag>


HTML has a defined set of tag names (also called keywords) that

the browser understands.

<h1>Main Headline</h1>


Most elements can have attributes,which provides additional informatin

about the element.

<html lang=”en”></html>


Attributes always follow the sameformat: name=”value”. You can use

either single or double quotes.

<div class=”left-nav”></div>


<el name=”value” name=”value”></el>

An element can have multiple attributes, separated by a letterspace.

Tags: Basic Structure

doctype html head body

<!DOCTYPE html>

EXCEPTION

The doctype is not actually a tag, but a declaration, telling the browserwhat kind of html you are using. The

doctype above declares HTML 5.

<html></html>

The <html> element defines the whole HTML document.

STRUCTURE

<html lang=”en”></html>

The <html> element should have a “lang” attribute to tell the browser what language

your page is written in.

STRUCTURE

<head></head>

The <head> contains special elements that instruct the browser where to find stylesheets & javascript files, as well as

provide meta data about your site.

STRUCTURE

<body></body>

The <body> element contains the document content (what is shown

inside the browser window).

STRUCTURE

Document Hierarchy: Parents, children and siblings

Just as in a genealogy tree, the family hierarchy is described in terms of relationships. All elements in the document have a parent (up to ‘document’, which is at the top), and may have children (nested inside) or siblings (placed alongside).

<parent x>

<child and sibling y> </child and sibling y>

<child and sibling z> </child and sibling z>

</parent x>

Nesting

The use of our first three tags (html, head and body), introduces and important concept: Nesting, which is when tags “wrap” other tags. When you create markup, you should indicate nesting by indenting the nested tags with 2 spaces (preferred) or a tab.

<html> <head> </head> <body>

<h1><h1> <p></p>

</body> </html>

Tags: Head Tags

title base meta link

script style

<title></title>

The title element:• defines a title in the browser toolbar, • provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites • displays a title for the page in search engine results.

HEAD TAG

<title>My Portfolio</title>

HEAD TAG

Tags: Body Tags

<p></p>

The <p> element is a block-level tag that contains default space-before and

space-after properties (making indentionunnecessary.)

<h1></h1> through

<h6></h6>

The header elements are block-leveltags that give you the ability to assign semantic weight (importance) to your

headlines.

Tags: Body Tags: Lists

List tags are always used in nested pairs. !

The wrapping tags define the list type, and indicate where the list series begins

and ends.

NOTE

<ul> <li></li>

</ul>

The <ul> (unordered list) element is a block-level tag that wraps a series of <li> (list item) elements. The default property

for the list items is a bullet.

<ol> <li></li>

</ol>

The <ol> (ordered list) element is a block-level tag that wraps a series of <li> (list item) elements. The default property

for the list items is decimal (1, 2, 3).

Where did those text styles come from?

All browsers have what is called a“client stylesheet” that applies formatting

to your html elements, such as text size, font,color, margins, line-height, and much more.

Your custom css overrides some of these default styles.

Where did those text styles come from?

Block and Inline elements

One important default style applied to elements is whether they are block or inline. This is called their display property (we will talk about properties when we get to CSS).

A block element takes up the full width available to the element, and forces a line above and below. Examples include <p>, <div>, <ul>, <blockquote> and all headers.

block element

another element

another element

another element

Block and Inline elements

A inline element can be inserted within block elements or other inline elements and do no create additional space or line breaks. Examples include <img>, <em>, <strong>, <a>, and <span>.

<p></p>

<p>

<p></p>

<a></a> </p>

Tags: Formatting

(partial list)

big q

blockquote cite

i (or) em !

small b (or) strong

sub sup del

!

Tags: Special Elements

<br>

The <br> element is a single, inline tag that works anywhere in the body to create a single line break. In a <p>

element, it is the equivalent of a soft return.

A horizontal rule is created by using the single tag <hr>. It is a block

level element (so it will clear the elements above and below.

<hr>

Escape & Special Characters

In HTML, some characters are reserved for the code, like brackets (< >), ampersands (&), and quotes (“ and ‘). Other characters, like em & en dashes, em spaces, curly quotes, copyright symbols, fractions, etc, are not included in the “standard” character sets. In both cases, you work around this by using special codes that will translate into those characters in the browser. Below are the ones you will probably use the most:

& &

“ “

” “

‘ &

’ &

– –

— —

© ©

← ←

→ →

Tags: Images

<img>

The <img> element is a single, inline tag that works anywhere in the body

to insert a jpg, png, svg or gif file.

The <img> tag is empty;it requires a src (source) attribute to

“pull in” the image into the page. It does not require an “alt” tag, but if the image

is essential to the content (e.g. not a background or decorative element), it

should have one.

NOTE

<img src="images/logo.gif" alt=”Acme Corp”>

All <img> tags should also contain analt attribute. This is “alternate” text

that will appear if for some reason the image link is broken or the file is unavailable.

Tags: Anchors (linking)

<a></a>

The <a> element is an inline tag that works anywhere in the

body to create a hyperlink.

<a href="aboutme.html">About Me</a>

<a> tags are always used in pairs, wrapping the content you want to activate as a link. If you use an absolute URL, it must start with

“http://”.

<a href="http://www.colum.edu">My school</a>

http://colum.edu

Relative vs Absolute links

Whenever you link to a file with an ‘href‘ (hypertext reference ) or ‘src’ (source) attribute, you are providing the browser and address to the resource. That address can be relative or absolute.

root directory (www.mysite.com)

index.html

images

logo.png

report.pdf

stylesheet.css

!

http://www.mysite.com


A relative link is relative to the resource’s location in its directory. It is like saying “the restaurant is 2 blocks away.”In the example below, if ‘logo.png‘ were linked from the homepage (index.html), the tag would be:

<img src=”images/logo.png”>


index.html

images

logo.png

report.pdf

stylesheet.css

!



An absolute link is the full address to the resource’s location in the entire web. It is like saying “the restaurant is at 222 West Grand, Chicago IL 60625.”

<img src=”http://www.mysite.com/images/logo.png”>


index.html

images

logo.png

report.pdf

stylesheet.css

!

http://www.mysite.com/images/logo.png


QUIZ

PrimaryStructure html head body

Head Elements title meta link

BodyElements p br h1 – h6 ul ol a img div

FormattingElements em strong q blockquote

File Transfer Protocol

Local(your computer)

Host(www)

FTP Software

All premium code editors have ftp built in, which allows you to sync your project files to the server easily.

You will often need to post or download files from the server manually. For this you can use dedicated ftp software:

Fetch, Transmit and FileZilla & Fireftp (both free) are all good choices for Mac.

Web2 html

Documents

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