American History II Final Exam Review Packet

Unit 1: Transforming the South

Word Bank:Sharecropping Tenant farmers Reservations AssimilationExodusters Oklahoma Land Rush Wounded Knee Massacre Dawes ActCompromise of 1877 Black Codes/Jim Crow Laws Scalawags Homestead Act of 1862Plessy vs. Ferguson

1. The __________________________________ effectively ended Reconstruction when Rutherford B. Hayes would agree to remove troops from the South in exchange for becoming President of the United States.

2. The ________________________ gave Native Americans large plots of land to separate the tribal lifestyle to encourage ________________________________ which would make Native Americans more like white Americans.

3. African Americans who left the south to head west were known as “_________________________” because they were seeking a better life in the west.

4. __________________________________ were people who would rent land and farm on it. In most cases they would pay their rent through ___________________________ which often times would keep newly free slaves from having any economic freedom or independence.

5. The _________________________________________ gave families 160 acres of land to anyone willing to live there and toil the land for 5 years. It was meant to encourage westward expansion. This would lead to the ________________________________ which led to a group of settlers to be called “Sooners” because they began to settle before it was legal.

6. _______________________________ and _______________________________ were ways the south got around the newly passed amendments of Reconstruction and enforced much racial inequality.

7. ______________________________ were people from the South who supported Northern efforts of reconstructing the South.

8. After the defeat at the ________________________________________, the Native Americans submitted to the United States and began moving onto _________________

9. ________________________________ was the court case that established that African Americans should be considered “separate but equal”

Unit 2: The Gilded Ages

Matching: Match the Latter with the corresponding definition

1. ____ An agreement between two or more business to work together for profitable gains or monopoly

2. _____ When one business controls all aspects of production and has no competition on a good

3. _____He made an extremely large amount of money during the Gilded Ages with the production of oil

4. _____This is an economic idea discouraging government involvement in business and the economy

5. _____Boss Tweed headed the biggest one of these in NYC. Typically it made money and stayed in power through crooked deals and corruption. Main form of local government during the Gilded Ages.

6. _____ This is where most immigrants and working class citizens lived during the Gilded Ages

7. _____ This Act was intended to outlaw many trusts but it was rarely enforced by the federal government

8. _____ This was the idea that justified the large gap between the rich and the poor stating that the rich were “most fit”

9. _____ In 1877, it was one of the first and largest worker strikes where railroad workers in West Virginia refused to work due to a cut in wages. This strike resulted in much violence.

10. ______ this is the act of protest by refusing to work11. ______ This was the US’s first labor union which

received a violent reputation after the Haymarket Riot of 1886 led by Terence Powderly

12. ______ This man grew wealthy through the production of steel

13. ______ This was a violent riot in downtown Chicago over an 8 hour work day.

14. ______ This was a more successful labor union of the beginning of the 20th Century led by Samuel Gompers

15. _____ This Act was passed by Congress and Chester Arthur to require government officials to take a civil service exam to reduce government corruption of the Gilded Age

a. Andrew Carnegieb. Political machinec. JP Morgand. John D. Rockefellere. Social Gospelf. Trustg. Strikeh. Haymarket Rioti. Great Railroad Strikej. Knights of Labork. American

Federation of Laborl. Laissez-fairem.Sherman Anti-trust

Actn. Pendleton Acto. Tenement housingp. Social Darwinismq. Pullman Strike

16. _____ This man amassed great wealth during the Gilded Ages through banking and finance

17. _____ This infamous strike was a railroad strike over the rise in rent along with a cut in wages for the Pullman Palace Car company workers. This was a very publicized strike led by Eugene V. Debs and George Pullman

Respond to the following question with an ACES Paragraph:

How did the Gilded Ages impact the rich and the poor in America? Give examples for each group.

______________________________________________________________________________

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Respond to the following question with an ACES Paragraph:

What were some problems that arose during the Gilded Ages in America?

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Unit 3: The Progressive Era, Imperialism, and WWI

Define the following terms:

Yellow Journalism-

Muckrakers-

Imperialism-

Nationalism-

Social Gospel-

Suffrage-

Matching: Match the following terms with its corresponding explanation

1. _____ This was an international organization created after WWI to promote peace but the US did not join.

2. _____ This was Teddy Roosevelt’s domestic plan to break up trusts and protect the average American

3. _____ This law created the US income tax4. _____ This was Woodrow Wilson’s domestic pln to

regulate business5. _____ this book was written by Upton Sinclair about

the unsanitary meat packing industry caused Teddy Roosevelt to pass regulation requiring meat to be inspected

6. _____ this court case supported the notion that if you were a “clear and present danger” to the US in times of war you could be imprisoned for speaking out against the US war effort. It enforced the Espionage Act of 1917

7. _____ This was created by Woodrow Wilson so centralize the federal banking system giving the federal government more control over how the banks loaned money to Americans

a. Big Stick Diplomacyb. Alice Paulc. League of Nationsd. 14 Pointse. Square Dealf. New Freedomg. 16th Amendmenth. The Junglei. Great White Fleetj. Roosevelt Corollaryk. Schenck vs. the USl. Federal Reserve

8 _____ This foreign policy of Teddy Roosevelt supported the use of military force in Latin America if any European Nation interfered with the western Hemisphere

9 _____ This was the US’s large naval fleet created the Roosevelt10 _____ This was Wilson’s post-WWI plan to help establish continued peace throughout

the world11 _____ This woman fought for women’s suffrage throughout the Progressive Era by using

hunger strikes and more extreme practices12 _____ This foreign policy of Roosevelt supported the idea of the use of force as a

diplomatic tool

Cause and Effect: In the charts below, indicate the causes and effects for all of the following events

Spanish-American War

Causes Effects

World War I

Causes (MAIN) Effects

Progressive Era

Causes Effects

Unit 4: Prosperity and Depression

Word bank:

Booming Scopes Monkey Trial Fireside chats Alphabet Soupmass production Consumer Revolution Herbert Hoover Traditionalism Model T Social Security Act Modernism Black Tuesday Great Depression FDR New Deal welfare state

During the 1920’s, the American economy was ________________. As goods were being produced through ________________________________due to technological advancements, Americans could by more affordable goods leading to the ______________________________. Products such as Henry Ford’s _________________ which was made through an assembly line meant that more Americans could buy goods that they could never before.

The 1920’s was also a period of two conflicting ideologies. This conflict between ______________________and _________________________ highlighted the fast changing times of the 1920’s. In art, film, and media, the American people were exploring new American values of the modern era, while at the same time, wrestling with the values of past generations. In the __________________________________, this conflict would take center stage as a school teacher in Ohio was being put on trial for teaching evolution in school.

At the end of the 1920’s despite such economic success, the American stock market crash on October 29th, 1929, a day that would become known as ________________________. This started the era known as the _____________________________________. The President during the crash, __________________________________, believed the economy was going to work itself out and it would simply correct itself over time. Unfortunately, this was not the case.

The following President, ___________ took a completely different approach to the Great Depression and the role of the federal government. With his _______________________ program, Roosevelt introduced several programs to relieve, reform, and recover the country that was struggling during the depression. Many of these programs part of his “__________________________________” were intended to create jobs, strengthen the country’s banking system, improve the country’s infrastructure, and restore the national confidence in the economy. Additionally, his ______________________________________ established money for the unemployed which now has evolved as an income for retired Americans.

FDR’s New Deal had a lasting impact on the American government and the American political system. He undoubtedly increased the size and function of the federal government. He was one of the first Presidents to communicate frequently with the American people via radio with his ________________________. Also, his programs also established the precedent that the government takes care of the _________________________ which has become a large part of the American federal government today.

Unit 5: WWII and the Cold War

Put the following events on the timeline in order of how they happened

1. Pearl Harbor2. D-Day3. NATO and the Warsaw Pact are established by the rival European blocs4. The UN is founded to help prevent future war5. Germany Invades Poland6. Great Britain and France use appeasement as a strategy for Hitler and Nazi Germany7. Francisco Franco and the Fascists take control of the Spanish Government after the

Spanish Civil War giving the Fascists of Europe more power and support8. The US drops the Atom bomb and Hiroshima and Nagasaki9. The US approves the Lend-Lease Act giving military aid and money to the Allied Powers10. American passes the Neutrality Acts in response to the growing violence in Europe11. Winston Churchill declares an “iron curtain” has descended upon Europe separating

East and West Europe12. Korematsu vs. the US enforces the act of placing Japanese-Americans onto internment

camps in the United States13. The Cold War begins as the US and USSR emerge as the two main superpowers in the

world14. Harry Truman introduces the Truman Doctrine which declares that the Us will help

contain communism and help any nation struggling to repel it15. Joseph McCarthy leads a crusade against supposed communists and leads a large scale

witch hunt for communists with little to no evidence

Respond to the following question in 3-4 sentences

1. How did the Hollywood Ten, Alger Hiss, the Rosenberg’s, and Joseph McCarthy impact the Red Scare?

2. What is a dictatorship? How did they emerge and stay in power during the beginning of 20th Century?

3. Why do some people say that the Treaty of Versailles after WWI may have lead to the outbreak of WWII?

4. What was the Korean War about? Why did it start and why did the US become involved?

5. Explain the idea of mutually assured destruction. How does it relate to the Cold War and the tensions between the US and the USSR?

Unit 6: The 1960’s and 1970’s

Word Bank:

Martin Luther King Jr. Vietcong Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile CrisisThe Great Society Domino Theory Gulf of Tonkin Resolution My Lai MassacreThe New Frontier OPEC Camp David Accords détenteIran Hostage Crisis Oil shortage of 1973 Gloria Steinem Tet OffensiveMedicare Medicaid Betty Freidan Cesar Chavez“March on Washington” Kent State Shooting Civil Rights Act of 1964 Ho Chi MinhJohn F. Kennedy Richard Nixon LBJ WatergateJimmy Carter Gerald Ford Malcolm X Black Panthers

1. In the Election of 1960, the TV played a great role in deciding who was President. It helped _______________________ win because he was able to appeal to the American people on TV during several Presidential debates.

2. The US became involved in Vietnam because of the idea known as ___________________________ where the American government feared that if Vietnam fell to Communism the rest of Southeast Asia would fall with it.

3. During the Vietnam War, LBJ increased his war time powers and ability to send more troops without Congressional approval by passing the ___________________________________________________

4. ______________________________ delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech in Washington DC on August 28, 1963 at the ___________________________________. His speech inspired many of Americans and also would eventually lead to the passing of the _______________________________________ which banned segregation of public facilities and made discrimination based on race unlawful.

5. JFK’s domestic program known as _____________________________ promised several things including helping the poor, improving education, attacking racial injustice, and putting a man on the moon. Much like JFK, __________’s domestic program which was known as ___________________________ greatly helped the poor as well through the creation of both __________________________ and __________________________ which provided healthcare to both the poor and the elderly.

6. The __________________________ who were southern Vietnamese fighters who supported communism fought hard against the US against the Vietnam War. They supported _______________________ who was the leader of Communist North Vietnam.

7. During the 1960’s, __________________________ and __________________________ fought for equal rights for women through various publications and demonstrations such as the Feminine Mystique, MS. As well as the creation of NOW.

8. ___________________________ also fought for equal rights of farm workers during the 1960’s who primarily were immigrants from Latin America.

9. ___________________________ and the _____________________________ were two groups who opposed MLK’s anti-violence strategies of the Civil rights movement. Both believed the African-American community should protect themselves by any means necessary.

10. The _______________________________ led to mass hysteria over gasoline during the beginning of the 1970’s. The organization known as ___________ increased their control over the distribution of oil and greatly limited its importation into the US.

11. The ___________________________________ and the __________________________ were two events that greatly impacted the American people opposition of the Vietnam War.

12. Egypt and Israel was able to find peace though the signing of the ___________________________ made possible by President ______________________. Despite this positive outcome, his presidency was not able to recover after the ____________________________ when 66 American hostages were taken at an American embassy in Iran during the Iranian Revolution.

13. The American people’s trust of the American government was shattered after it was revealed that President ____________________________ was involved in a break-in and cover up of Democratic Headquarters in Washington DC. This scandal became known as the _____________________________ scandal. After Nixon resigned, President _____________________ immediately pardoned him angering Americans.

14. Both Nixon and Ford wanted to ease tensions with the USSR which was a strategy known as _____________________________

15. During JFK’s administration, the US attempted to overthrow communist dictator of Cuba Fidel Castro through an invasion known as the _______________________ which was very unsuccessful. The Cold War intensified after this failure as well as during the __________________________________ crisis which was when the USSR stationed nuclear warheads in Cuba. Luckily, both Kennedy and Khrushchev were both able to find a solution and removed the warheads from Cuba.

16. During the Vietnam War, the Vietcong launched the _____________________________ which was a tactical victory for the US but also revealed the end of the war was nowhere in sight. This attack forced the American government to rethink its involvement in Vietnam amidst much of the public outcry against the war effort.

Unit 7: Rise of Conservatism

1. Provide 2 factors that contributed to the rise of conservative politics during the beginning of the 1980’s.

2. Explain Reaganomics. How did it impact the federal government? The American people? The American economy?

3. Provide 2 factors that contributed to the end of the Cold War. What did the US do to help end it? What was happening in the USSR that may have also led to the end?

4. What was the Iran Contra Affair?

5. What are some of the differences between liberals and conservatives? Size of government? Taxes? Welfare? Military?

6. What led to The Persian Gulf War? What was the American strategy of this war known as?

7. What were liberal laws passed during Clinton’s Administration?

8. What were some conservative things passed during Clinton’s administration? (Trade)

9. What is ethnic cleansing? Where was it happening? Why?

10. What was Clinton impeached? What was the result?

11. What happened on September 11, 2001? How was responsible for the attack? How did the Bush administration respond? (2 things)

12. Why did Bush invade Iraq again?

13. What was the Patriot Act?

14. What is globalization?

15. What major change took place during the 1990’s?

16. Why did people become unhappy with the Bush Administration? Who was elected after in 2008 becoming the first black President in American history?

Wars of American History IIWar Participants Why did it start? Why did the US

Enter?Major Battles or

American strategyEffects/End

Result/Treaty

Spanish American War

World War I

World War II

Korean War

Vietnam War

Persian Gulf War

Iraq War

Matching the Elections

Match the election years with the facts provided

a. 1876b. 1912c. 1920d. 1932e. 1960f. 1980g. 2000h. 1968i. 1992

1. George W. Bush lost this election because the American people were upset with his tax increase. Also, Clinton secured victory because of his moderate views as a “New Democrat” __________

2. This election saw the introduction of the New Deal as FDR promised to pull the country out of the Great Depression after an unsuccessful tenure by Herbert Hoover. _________

3. This election marked the beginning of the resurgence of the conservative right as Ronald Reagan was elected as President under very conservative policies including his supply-side economic plan. ________

4. The election was hotly debated as both candidates failed to win the 270 Electoral College votes required to win the election. It came down to the state of Florida where a recount took place. Finally, after Bush vs. Gore, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Bush ending the recount giving Bush the victory. __________

5. This Election was heavily impacted the by the television. JFK’s charisma and personality won the support of the American people after watching the debates between him and Nixon on TV. ____________

6. This election marked the end of the Progressive Era and the beginning of the “Return to Normalcy” stressing the return to pre-progressive ideas of laissez-faire economics and deregulation of business. The winner of the election was Warren Harding after the American people grew tired of Wilson’s foreign policy ambitions. _____________

7. This election was marred by much violence and tension leading up to voting day. The assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy in combination with the opposition to the Vietnam War made this election one of the most tense in recent memory. After promising to remove troops out of Vietnam and outlining to the American people a plan for decreased American involvement in Vietnam, Richard Nixon won handily over opponents Hubert Humphrey and George Wallace. Wallace, former Governor of the state of Alabama ran under the idea of segregation where he would receive almost 10 million votes. ______________

8. This election was in the middle of the Progressive period between very Progressive candidates. This election was also notable because of the presence of socialist candidate Eugene V. Debs who advocated for workers’ rights and was the created of the International Workers of the World (IWW). Teddy Roosevelt famously entered this election as the Bull Mouse candidate deliberately to take votes away from former ally and Republican William H. Taft. Neither Roosevelt nor Taft won the election as the splitting of the Republican Party benefitted Democratic candidate and election winner Woodrow Wilson. ____________

9. The election marked the end of the period known as Reconstruction. Rutherford B. Hayes famously tied opponent Samuel Tilden where the decision of the next president would be decided by the US Congress. After the Compromise of 1877, Congress decided to reward Hayes with the victory as he promised to remove remaining troops from the South, allow former Confederates into Congress, and build a transcontinental railroad in the South. _____________