C1- 7- Our Changing Planet Revision Booklet 2015

Try to complete all of the activities in the booklet if you get stuck: use your syllabus, revision guides, text books and the internet to help you. If you are still unable to find out then ask me when I get back (or another science teacher).

Remember that YOU are responsible for your own revision this booklet should be supplemented by other revision too. The more of this booklet you complete, the better prepared you will be for your exam.

Good Luck

Mrs Wallace

Name _______________________________________________

(The Earths atmosphere )

(Today the Earths atmosphere contains a mix of gases, primarily those of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%) and carbon dioxide (0.04%). However 4.55bya the composition of gases in the Earths early atmosphere was much different. Over time major geological, chemical and biological processes have shaped our Earth and with it our atmosphere. TASK: Explain how these major events have altered the Earths atmosphere over time.)

Grade Criteria

For

You need to:

A*/A

Use detailed and precise knowledge to explain how the composition of gases in the Earths atmosphere has changed.

Use scientific language and vocabulary to explain the role volcanoes had in producing the Earths early atmosphere.

A1

Use scientific language and vocabulary to explain how the early oceans formed.

A2

Explain the most significant processes that led to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels in the Earths early atmosphere.

A3

Explain how oxygen levels in the early atmosphere increased. (A* - equations used)

A4

Evaluate the impact rising oxygen levels had on the atmosphere and existing life.

A5

Explain how there is 78% nitrogen in todays atmosphere. (A* - why is there so much?)

A6

Explain how humans have accelerated the rate of global warming. (A* - make links)

A7

Use 19 key words appropriately and consistently.

A8

Use and quote at least 3 different resources in your research. (A*- cross referencing)

A9

B/C

Cover most of the key processes when describing how the Earths atmosphere has changed over time.

List the major gases present in the Earths early atmosphere and how they got there.

B1

Describe how volcanic activity created the early seas and oceans

B2

Describe at least two major processes that removed carbon dioxide from the Earths early atmosphere.

B3

Describe the process that led to an increase in oxygen levels in the Earths early atmosphere.

B4

Describe why the formation of the ozone layer was an important step for life.

B5

With reference to a word or symbol equation, provide a reason why there is 78% nitrogen in todays atmosphere.

B6

Describe at least two ways in which human activity has increased the amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

B7

Use at least 15 key words appropriately.

B8

Use and quote at least 2 different resources in your research.

B9

(Key words: absorbs, algae, ammonia, bacteria, biomass, carbon dioxide, carbonate rocks, condensed, fossil fuel, global warming, limestone, methane, nitrogen, oceans, oxygen, ozone, photosynthesis, plants, respiration, sea-shells, volcano, water vapour)

C1.7 Changes in the Earth and its Atmosphere

C1.7.1 The Earths Crust

How do earthquakes and volcanoes occur?

Separating gases in the atmosphere (Higher only)

Draw a labelled diagram that explains how the gases in air can be separated. Link this to your work in Chemistry about Crude Oil.

Miller-Urey Experiment (Higher only)

Use this diagram to explain the Miller-Urey experiment.

Explain the alternative theories and why they oppose Miller-Urey.

Explain why Wegeners theories of crustal movement were not accepted for many years?

Explain why scientists cannot accurately predict when earthquakes and volcanic eruptions will occur?

Higher Tier Describe why we do not know how life was first formed?

C1.7.2 The Earths Atmosphere

Label the diagram to show the proportions of different gases in the atmosphere:

What was responsible for the formation of the Earths early atmosphere and provided the water that formed the oceans?

What process produced the oxygen that is now in the atmosphere?

What happened to a lot of the carbon dioxide that was in the air?

What human activities have caused a change in our atmosphere?

Higher Tier What process could be used to separate the mixture of gases that makes up air?

3 Billion years ago, the Earths early atmosphere was probably like the atmosphere of Venus today.

The table shows the temperature and the percentage composition of the atmospheres of the Earth and Venus today.

Percentage (%) composition of atmosphere

Name of gas

Earth today

Venus today

Nitrogen

78

3.5

Oxygen

20.6

a trace

Argon

0.97

a trace

Carbon dioxide

0.03

96.5

Water vapour

0.4

a trace

Average surface temperature

20 C

460 C

3 (a) Use the information from the table to help you to answer each part.

3 (a) (i) In the Earths atmosphere today, the main gas

is ............................................................. .

(1 mark)

3 (a) (ii) In the Earths atmosphere billions of years ago

the main gas was .............................................................. .

(1 mark)

3 (a) (iii) The Earths surface is mainly covered with water.

There is no water on the surface of Venus. Suggest why.

.......................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

(2 marks)

The Carbon Cycle

The only thing that removes CO2 from the atmosphere is _____________. Plants use it to make fats, ____________ and ___________. Both plant and animal _____________ put _____ back into the atmosphere.

Carbon from dead _________ and _________ can end up as _______ fuels, when this is _________ it releases carbon. Some dead animal and plants could be ________, be ___________ by microorganisms or be turned into _______ ______________ by humans.

Add the following phases to the diagram above:

(respiration) (respiration) (burning) (feeding) (death) (death) (Decay and decomposition - CO2 released as microbes respire) (Respiration returns CO2 to the atmosphere) (Photosynthesis removes CO2 from the environment)

For 200 million years, carbon dioxide levels have stayed constant due to this natural cycle. In the last 200 years, levels have risen. Add human activities to the diagram and explain how they have increased CO2 levels.

Higher

Link rising carbon dioxide levels to combustion and include an equation.