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Question 1

1.8 out of 2 points

(1) What is the main purpose for RESEARCH? (2) List and explain four categories that describe the existing types of research: Methodology, Applicability, Locality, and funding. (3) Describe the two types of research based on Methodology: Empirical and Theoretical.

Answer

Selected Answer:

The main purpose of research is to collect, analyze, and interpret information on issues that we are interseted in or concerned with.

Applied research is done to solve an immediate problem.

Basic research adds to a certain body of knowlege and allows us to gain better understanding of something.

Obstrusive Research is where the researcher introducesconditions that influence participants. Where the researcher manipulates the environment.

Non-obtrusive Research is where researcher avoids influencing subjects in any way and tries to be as inconspicuous as possible.

Historical research - describes mostly what is nonobtusive.

Descriptive research describes what is mostly obtrusive.

Correlation Research makes comparisions and draws relationships between things.

Experimental research descibes what is mostly obtusive.

Emperical research is a way to gain knowlege by means of direct and indirect obsevations or experience.

Theoretical research is research that happens only in theory as opposed to in practice, i.e. you pretend that it's happening to examine or justify the consequences

Correct Answer:

[None]

Question 2

0 out of 0.5 points

Which of the following types of research is conducted to evaluate specific courses of action or forecast current or future value?

Answer

Selected Answer:

Prediction studies

Correct Answer:

Description studies

Question 3

0.5 out of 0.5 points

Are any of the following not a good reason for managers to be well grounded in basic research?

Answer

Selected Answer:

All are good reasons.

Correct Answer:

All are good reasons.

Question 4


which of the following is not an example of research?

Answer

Selected Answer:

a decision to change the firm's method of accounting.

Correct Answer:

a decision to change the firm's method of accounting.

Question 5


Applied research:

Answer

Selected Answer:

Is problem directed and closely related to policy or action needs.

Correct Answer:

Is problem directed and closely related to policy or action needs.

Question 6


Which of the following observations on research is correct?

Answer

Selected Answer:

Increasing complexities in technology and business increase the need for research.

Correct Answer:

Increasing complexities in technology and business increase the need for research.

Question 7

0 out of 0.5 points

Data was analyzed and it showed that: a salesperson's performance is directly and positively related to the salesperson's level of education. this is an example of what type of research?

Answer

Selected Answer:

Descriptive

Correct Answer:

Explanatory

Question 8

0 out of 0.5 points

A predictive study showed that a company would gain a 10% market share if it reduced its product price by $5. The study assumed competitions would keep the prices of their products unchanged.

Answer

Selected Answer:

A new study focusing on a smaller number of variables is required.

Correct Answer:

As the conpany cannot control the price decisions of its conpetitors so the study is not very useful.

Question 9


An estimate of next year's market share is an example of what type of research?

Answer

Selected Answer:

Predictive

Correct Answer:

Predictive

Question 10

0 out of 0.5 points

Good research studies:

Answer

Selected Answer:

Always have hypotheses

Correct Answer:

Declare their limitations and flaws in procedure.

Question 11

0 out of 0.5 points

Which of the following is basic rather than applied research:

Answer

Selected Answer:

Sleep duration, as impacting work efficiency.

Correct Answer:

Work towards the discovery of a possible new element.

Question 12

0 out of 0.5 points

To ensure that the best possible research is done:

Answer

Selected Answer:

Managers should specify all information requirements, to define the researcher's task.

Correct Answer:

Managers should indicate their problems to researchers as decision choices

rather than information requirements.

Question 13


The value of applied research in a managerial environment comes from:

Answer

Selected Answer:

Its help in decision making.

Correct Answer:

Its help in decision making.

Question 14


Which of the following is a true statement?

Answer

Selected Answer:

research can provide guideposts even to experienced and intuitive people.

Correct Answer:

research can provide guideposts even to experienced and intuitive people.

Question 15


research involves:

Answer

Selected Answer:

An application of scientific methods to information collection and analysis.

Correct Answer:

An application of scientific methods to information collection and analysis.

Question 16


What is research?

Answer

Selected Answer:

Research is a systematic process of colecting, analyzing, and interpreting inforamtion in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned.

Correct Answer:

Research is information gathering

Research is transportation of facts from one location to another.

Research is rummaging for informatio

Research is a catchword used to get attention.

Question 17

2 out of 2 points

What are eight distinct characteristics about research?

Answer

Selected Answer:

1. Research originates with a question or problem.

2. Research requires clear articulation of a goal.

3. Research usually divides the pronciple problem into more manageable subproblems.

4. research is guided by the specific research problem, question, or hypothesis.

5. Research requires a specific plan for proceeding.

6. Research rests on certain critical assumptions.

7. Research requires the collection and interpretation of data in an attempt to resolve the problem that initiated the research.

8. Research is by its nature cyclical, or helical.

Correct Answer:

•&νβσπ;Research originates with a question or problem.

•&νβσπ;Research requires a clear articulation of a goal

•&νβσπ;Research follows a specific plan of procedure.

•&νβσπ;Research usually divides the principal problem into more manageable subproblems.

•&νβσπ;Research is guided by the specific research problem, questions, or hypothesis.

•&νβσπ;Research accepts certain assumptions.

•&νβσπ;Research requires the collection and interpretation of data in an attempt to resolve the problem that initiated the research.

•&νβσπ;Research is, by its nature, cyclical or, more exactly, helical.

Question 18

2 out of 2 points

Explain “Research usually divides the principal problem into more manageable subproblems”.

Answer

Selected Answer:

Most problems addressed in a research project are very large problems consisting of many smaller problems. If the research focuses on the main problem only, it becomes to large to manage and the data does not make sense. Looking at a big problem that is made up of smalleer problems is easier to deal with because you are solving the smaller issues one at a time.

Correct Answer:

From a design standpoint, it is often helpful to break a main research problem into several subproblems that, when solved, will resolve the main problem.

Breaking down principal problems into small, easily solvable subproblems is strategy we use in everyday living. for example, suppose you want to get from your town to a town 50 miles away. Your principal goal is to get from one location to the other as expeditiously as possible. You soon realize, however, that the problem involves several subproblems:

Main problem: how do I get from Town A to Town B?

Subproblems: 1. What is the most direct route?

2. How far do I travel on the highway?

3. Which exit should I take to leave the highway?

What seems like a single question can be divided into at least three smaller questions that must be addressed before the principal question can be resolved.

Question 19

2 out of 2 points

What is a theory?

Answer

Selected Answer:

Theory - a coherent group of tested general propositions, commonly regarded as correct, that can be used as principles of explanation and prediction for a class of phenomena

Correct Answer:

A theory is an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon.

Question 20


What is a hypothesis?

Answer

Selected Answer:

Hypothesis -

a proposition, or set of propositions, set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena, either asserted merely as a provisional

conjector to guide investigation (working hypothesis) or accepted as highly probable in the light of established facts.

Correct Answer:

A hypothesis is a logical supposition, a reasonable guess, an educated conjecture. It provides a tentative explanation for a phenomenon under investigation.

Question 21

2 out of 2 points

What is an assumption of a hypothesis?

Answer

Selected Answer:

A hypothseis involves a prediction that may or may not be supported by the data, an assumption is a condition that is taken for granted without which the reseqarch project would be useless. These are stated at hte beginnig of of the study.

Correct Answer:

An assumption is a condition that is taken for granted, without which the research project would be pointless. Assumptions are usually so self-evident that a researcher may consider it unnecessary to mention them.

Question 22

2 out of 10 points

Explain the research cycle.

Answer

Selected Answer:

1.Research begins with a problem: an unanswered question in the mind of the researcher.

2. Research defines the goal in terms of a clear statement of the problem.

3. Research subdicides the problem into appropriate subproblems.

4. Research posits tentative solutions to the problems through reasonable hypotheses. These hypotheses direct the researcher to appropriate data.

5. Research looks for data directed by the hypotheses and quided by the problem

and research methodolgy. The data are collected and organized.

6. Research interperts the meaning of the data which leads to a resolution of th problem, thus supporting or not supporting the hypotheses and/or providing an answer to the question that began the research cycle. At this point, one or more new problems may emerge.

Correct Answer:

•&νβσπ;Research begins with a problem: an unanswered question in the mind of the researcher.

•&νβσπ;Research defines the goal in terms of a clear statement of the problem.

•&νβσπ;Research subdivides the problem into appropriate subproblems.

•&νβσπ;Research posits tentative solutions to the problems through reasonable hypotheses direct the researcher to appropriate data.

•&νβσπ;Research looks for data directed by the hypotheses and guided by the problem. The data are collected and organized.

•&νβσπ;Research interprets the meaning of the data, which leads to a resolution of the problem, thus confirming or rejecting the hypotheses and providing an answer to the question that began the research cycle. At this point, one or more new problems may emerge.

Question 1

2 out of 2 pointsExplain how to write a clear and cohesive review.AnswerSelected Answer:

1. Get the proper psychological orientation. Be clear in your thinking and know precisely what you are trying to do and say.2. Have a plan. Create an outling of the topics you intend to address and the pooints you plan to make before you start.3. Emphasize relatedness to your research problem. Keep the reader engaged in the material they are reading and make sure the know it is important to your research.4. Provide transitional phrases, sentences, or paragraphs the help you rreader follow your train of thought.5. Know the difference between describing literature and plagerizing it.6. Always give credit where credit is due by ackknowldging and idenifying the sources from which one has drawn while writing.

7. Minimize direct quotes from other peoples work.8. Summarize what you have said and give an overview of what all of your research means in a short statement.9. Remember that the first draft is not always your last draft and that it may take several attempts to get the paper to say what you want it to say.10. Ask other for advice and feedback to get an honest assessment of your work before you submit it to make sure that it makes sense to everyone beforehand.

Correct Answer: Get the proper psychological orientation

Have a planEmphasize relatednessReview the literature.Summarize what you have saidRemember that your first draft will almost certainly NOT be your

last draftAsk other for advice and feedback

Question 2

2 out of 2 pointsExplain the benefits of a literature, as a researcherAnswerSelected Answer:

1. It can help you ascertain whether other researchers have already addressed your topic.2. It offers new ideas, perspectives, and approaches that may not have occurred to you.3. It can inform you about other people who have done work in your area that you may wish to contact for advice or feedback.4. It can show you how others have handled methodoligical and design issues in studies similar to yours.5. It can reveal sources of data you may not have knowm existed.6. It can give you the measurement tools you need to do your research.7. It can reveal methods of dealing with difficulties similar to those you are facing in tackling your research problem.8.It can help you make sense of your findings and assist you in making the correct conclusion.9. It can bolster your confidence in what you have picked is worth studying.

Correct Answer: It will increase your confidence in your topic if you find that

others have an interest in this topic and have invested time, effort, and resources in studying it.

It can provide you with new ideas and approaches that may not have occurred to you.It can inform you about other researchers conducting work in this area---individuals whom you may wish to contact for advice or feedback.It can reveal sources of data that you may not have known existed.It can introduce you to measurement tools that other researchers have developed and used effectively.It can reveal methods of dealing with problem situations that may be similar to difficulties you are facing.It can help you interpret and make sense of your findings and, ultimately, help you tie your results to the work of those who have preceded you.

Question 3

2 out of 2 pointsExplain how to organize the information you have collected.AnswerSelected Answer:

Putting your notes and sources on a computer, either while yu are at the library or after, can often assist you in keeping track of and organizing your information quickly and efficiently than pencil and paper notes. Computer databases are a very handy tool to do this.

Correct Answer: To encounter similar frustration---albeit on a smaller scale.

To have both types of files.To review your not cards.

Question 4

2 out of 2 pointsList some command search engine sites you usually use, and then explain what strategies were applied when you use these search engine sites.AnswerSelected Answer:

I use Google alot for a broad range search of a topic. That seems to have alot of information that gets you started. Once I find a list of topics about what I am looking for, then I will browse read some of them to find out the details of what I am

looking for. Once I find a couple of websites that say pretty much the same thing, then I use the combination of those to perform the study.

Correct Answer: For example………

Use at least two keywords to limit your search. Type a plus sign (+) before any keyword that you definitely want used in your search.If you want to look for a phrase rather than a single word, put quotation marks around the phrase.

Question 5

2 out of 2 pointsUse a actual example to explain how on-line catalog workAnswerSelected Answer:

An online catalog is the library's catalog in the form of an electronic database. Long gone are the days of the old card catalogs. Everything is now easily accessible and searchable via any computer with internet access. You can also access your personal library account, place holds, and renew checked out items all through the online catalog.Lets say I wanted a book about the stock market and how to make money in the market. I could type in stock market in the search section and it would bring up all of the books on the topic. If I knew the name of the book, then I could type in the name of it and the catalog would state the presence of the book, hold it for me, etc.

Correct Answer: If you log on one university catalog, it usually allow you to

look for books by author, title, call number, or subject (i.e., by one or more keywords). And they will let you browse among related books quickly and easily. Then they will typically tell you the status of a book---whether it’s currently available or when it’s due to be returned.For example………………

Question 6

2 out of 2 pointsExplain how to focus your attention through the main problem and subproblems when you read the literature.Answer

Selected Answer:

1. Write the problem in its entirety at the top of the page or computer screen.

2. Write each subproblem in its entirety3. Identify the important words and phrases in

each subproblem4. Translate these words and phrases into specific

topics you must learn more about5. To different sources to research for resources

related to your agenda6. Read

Correct Answer: Write the problem at the top of a sheet of paper

Write each subproblem, in its entirety, across the page. Identify the keywords and phrases in each subproblem Write these keywords and phrases in a column under

the appropriate subproblem. The lists you generate become your “agenda” as you read the literature.

Go to the liberty to seek out resources related to your agenda.

Read!

Question 7

2 out of 2 pointsExplain how to get ready for a review of the literatureAnswerSelected Answer:

First you always want to research your topic to find out all the information you can. You can reasearch at various places such as the library and the internet.

Correct Answer: problem for research

first subproblem second subproblem third subproblem

Question 8

2 out of 2 pointsExplain how to understand this question “knowing when to quit” as a researcher conducts a review of the literature.AnswerSelected

The question of knowing when to quit does not mean you need to only read ton articles and then you can assume all the

Answer: information is found. When trying to understand when to quit it is important to ask am I seeing patterns in my findings. For example, say when Darwin was publishing his theory of evolutionism that he would just see a couple things then would publish his report to theory to the world. Not the greatest idea in the world. Instead he stayed and resaerched until he was postive he was finished.

Correct Answer: In theory, the answer might be “Never”. As long as people

continue to conduct research related to your topic, there will always be additional information that may be helpful to you.From a practical standpoint, however, you must finish your search, use what you have to trained, and get on with the study itself.n general, we strongly suggest that like as: look for repetitive patterns in the materials you are finding and reading. For example…..

Question 9

2 out of 2 points

Explain how to evaluate, organized and synthesize your literatureAnswerSelected Answer:

The benefits of evaluating the literature is:It can be helpful to determine what information to ignore and what information to keepIt can help you reconcile with inconsistent findings in preivous studies.It can give you some ideas about how you might improve your own effortsA checklist of the questions to ask when evalutaing can be found on pages 64&65.The organizing part works with the subproblems you have found which can be spearated by as general point or conceptTo sythesize you can:Show how approaches to the topic have changed over timeCompare varying thoretical perspectives on the topicDescribe general trends in research findingsIdentify contradicting findins such possible reason why is such?Identify general themes throughout the literature

Correct Answer: Compare and contrast varying theoretical perspectives on

the topic.

Show how approaches to the topic have changed over time.Describe general trends in research findingsIdentify discrepant or contradictory findings, and suggest possible explanations for such discrepancies.Identify general themes that run throughout the literature

Question 10

2 out of 2 pointsExplain how to maximize your efficiency at the Library.AnswerSelected Answer:

Go to the library with data gathering tools, such as paper and pencil or a laptopIdentify the materials you need and determine if your libaray has said resources by keeping track of the specific searches you conduct, use the computer to make your lists whenever possible, and check th library holdings for books and journals that cove your topic.Develop an organized plan of attack for finding the sources you have identified.Track your sources by keeping a record of what was found and used, found that was not helpful, and/or not found.Record all of the basic information as you read each source by recording all essential bibliographic material used.Identify strategies fir obtaining sources that are not available immediately by putting books on hold in the check out books, recall the book, submit a request for the source through interlibrary loans and other means.

Correct Answer: Go to the library armed with data-gathering tools.

Identify the materials you want to read, and determine whether your library has them.Develop an organized plan of attack for finding the sources you’ ve identified.Track your sources downRecord all basic information as you each source.Identify strategies for obtaining unavailable sources.

Question 1

1.9 out of 2 pointsExplain how to conduct an observation as part of a qualitative studyAnswer

Selected Answer:

The qualitive researcher may make observations either as a relative outsider or as a participant observer. Observations in a qualitive study are intentionally unstructured and free-flowing. The researcher shifts from one thing to another as new and potentially significant objects ans events presdents themselves. The researcher can take advantage of unforseen data sources as they surface.

Correct Answer: Before you begin you study, experiment with various data

recording strategies, identify the particular methods that work vest for you and practice using them in other contexts.

When you begin your observation, have someone introduce you to the people you are watching.

As you observe, remain relatively quiet and inconspicuous, yet be friendly to anyone who approaches you.

If you take field notes, consider dividing each page of your notebook into two columns.

Question 2

2 out of 2 pointsList and Explain the types of qualitative research.AnswerSelected Answer:

Case Study The purpose is to understand one person or situation in great depth.Ethography- The purpose is to understand how behaviors reflect the culture of a group.Phenomenological Study - The purpose is to understand an experieince from the participants points of view.Grounded Theory - The purpose is to derive a theory from data collected in a natural setting.Content Analysis - The purpose is to identify the specific Characteristics of a body of material.

Correct Answer: Case study

Ethnography Phenomenological study Grounded theory study Content analysis

Question 3

2 out of 2 pointsExplain the characteristics of phenomenological studyAnswerSelecte Phenomenological study is a study that attempts to

d Answer:

understand people perceptions, perspectives, and understandings of a particular situation. Researchers depend almost exclusively on lengthy interviews with a crefully selected sample of 5 to 25 participants who have direct experience with the phenomenon being studied.

Correct Answer: Table 7-1

Question 4

2 out of 2 pointsExplain when to choose a qualitative approachAnswerSelected Answer:

Qualitive research studies typically serve one or more of the following purposes;DescriptionInterpretationVerificationEvaluationThese are all of the things that qualitive research will assist analyze

Correct Answer: Description

InterpretationVerificationEvaluation

Question 5

2 out of 2 pointsExplain the characteristics of ethnography.AnswerSelected Answer:

Prupose is to understand how behaviors reflect the gulture of a group. It focuses on a specific field site in which a group of people share a common culture.One collects data by participant observations, interviews with informants,, artifact/ document collection.


Question 6

2 out of 2 pointsExplain the term qualitative researchAnswer

Selected Answer:

The term qualitative research encompasses several approaches to research that are in some respects quite different from one another. yet all qualitative approaches have two things in common. First, they focus on phenomena that occur in natural settings, that is, in the "real world." And second, they involve capturing and studying the complexity of those phenomena. Qualitative researchers rarely try to simplify what they observe. Instead, they recongnize that the issus they are studying has many dimensions and layers, and they try to portray it in its multifaceted form.

Correct Answer: This term encompasses several approaches to research that are, in some

respects, quite different from one another. All qualitative approaches have two things in common. First, they focus on phenomena that occur in natural settings—that is, in the “real world”. And second, they involve studying those phenomena in all their complexity.

Question 7

2 out of 2 pointsExplain which questions the researcher need ask in an interview for practical research.AnswerSelected Answer:

Ask questions about the following;Facts such as biographical informationPeople's beliefs and perspectives about the facts.FeelingsMotivesPresent and past behaviorsStandards for behaviorConscious reasons for actions or feelings

Correct Answer: Facts

People’s beliefs about the factsFeelingsMotivesPresent and past behaviorsStandards for behaviorConscious reasons for actions or feeling

Question 8

2 out of 2 pointsExplain the characteristics of case study.Answer

Selected Answer:

Puropse To understand one person or situation in great depthFocus is on one case or a few cases within its natural settingMethod of Data collection is observations, interview, Appropriate written documents and or audiovisual material.Metods of data analysis - Categorization and interpretation of data in terms of common themes, Synthsis into an overall portrait of the case


Question 9

2 out of 2 pointsExplain how to organize and analyze the data from qualitative studies.AnswerSelected Answer:

1. Organize the data using mailla folders, index cards, or a computer data base.2. Persue the entire data set seferal times to get a sense of what it contains as a whole.3. Identify general catergories of themes, and perhaps subcatergories or subthemes as well, and then classify each piece of data accordingly.4. Integrate and summarize the data for your readers by offering propostitions or hypothesis that describe relationships among categories.

Correct Answer: Organize the data, perhaps using index cards, manila folders, or a

computer database.Peruse the entire data set several times to get a sense of what it

contains as a whole,Identify general categories or themes, and perhaps subcategories

or subthemes as well, and then classify each piece of data according.

Integrate and summarize the data for your readers

Question 10

2 out of 2 pointsExplain how to conduct a productive interview.AnswerSelected Answer:

1. identify some questions in advance.2. Consider haw participants cultural backgrounds might influence their responses.3. Make sure your interviewees are representative of the group

4.Find a suitable location.5. Get written permission6. Establish and maintain rapport.7. Focus on the actual rather than on the abstract or hypohetical.8. Don't put words in peopl's mouths.9. Record responses verbatim.10. Keep your reactions to yourself11. Remember that your are not necessarily getting the fact.12. When conducting a focus group, thake group dynamics into account.

Correct Answer: Make sure your interviewees are representative of the group.

Find a suitable location.Take a few minutes to establish rapport.Get written permissionFocus on the actual rather than on the abstract or

hypothetical.Don’t put words in people’s mouthsRecord responses verbatimKeep your reactions to yourself.Remember that you are not necessarily getting the facts

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