Name: ____________________________________ Date: _____________________ Block: ___________

Drawing 1 Study Guide 1. List and describe the Elements of Art.

Color: the way we perceive light; our brain’s interpretation of light

Shape: 2D; lines that connect to enclose a space; can be organic (nature) or geometric (city buildings)

Space: the space around an object and the object itself (positive and negative space)

Form: 3D; length, width, and thickness/depth; can be implied/tangible (drawing of a sphere vs holding an actual sphere)

Texture: The way something actually feels

(tangible: actual rug) or looks like it feels (painting of a soft rug)

Line: a marking with characteristic and direction (characteristics = bold, thick, curved, zig-zag; direction = horizontal, vertical, diagonal)

Value: from light to dark and all greys in between; can be used to create implied form

2. List and describe the Principles of Design.

*See chart below

Balance: the perceived visual weight of objects in an artwork There are three types of balance- Radial: When objects or part of an object begin from a central point and radiate around the central point. Ex. The flower

Asymmetry: the left-to-right and top-to-bottom areas of the artwork are not the same, but are still balanced. Ex. The waves

Symmetry: when there is equal weight and space taken-up on all sides of the artwork. Ex. The hands. Another good example would be a butterfly’s wings.

Rhythm: when one singular element is repeated throughout the artwork. In the picture on the left, the curved lines are repeated throughout. Line is an element of art.

Unity: when all parts of the artwork work together harmoniously.

Contrast: when opposites are placed next to each other to create interest in an artwork. Contrast can be conveyed through ideas as well (Ex. Life and death represented by a skull and flowers).

Emphasis: When there is one main object as the focus or is considered most important.

Proportion: the relationship between the size and quantity of objects (how large and how many)

Movement: the way your eye moves across the artwork.

Pattern: when a group of elements is repeated throughout the artwork.

3. What is a still life? What was its purpose historically? How has this purpose changed over time?

A still life is an artwork depicting (showing) inanimate (not living) objects. Historically still lives were created to display status, represent artistic skills in the ability to create realistic artwork, and to symbolize the unnecessary obsession with objects and money. Now artists create still lives to practice their observational skills.

Example:

4. List the graphite grading scale from softest to hardest.

6B, 4B, 2B, B, HB, H, 2H, 4H, 6H

“B” stand for bold, dark, and soft“H” stands for hard and light

5. What is an under-drawing and its purpose? What pencil is best to use to create one? An under-drawing is another word for a sketch. It is a “rough-draft” drawing before adding finishing details to your artwork.

6. List an provide an example of the 4 main shading techniques in the space below:

The sphere which is labeled “Stumping” is another way of saying “smooth” or “gradient”, Ultimately, all of these words describe the value technique which means blended and without evidence of pencil markings.

7. What is a gesture drawing and its purpose?

A gesture drawing is a quick, energetic drawing which captures the movement in a figure or object. It usually doesn’t include many details and doesn’t take a long time to complete.

Make sure you understand what the “action-line” in a gesture drawing is: the central line the identifies the movement and position of the figure.

8. Who is Kehinde Wiley? What kind of artwork does he create? Describe his artwork using the EOA & POD in the space below.

Kehinde Wiley is an African American artist who is still creating artwork today. He creates really detailed, vibrant paintings that represent black men in positions of power. The men (and sometimes women) he paints are positioned in ways

that reference old, western paintings from Europe which only depicted white men in positions of power. For example, this artwork was inspired by the French ruler Napoleon. He commissioned a painting showing himself riding a white horse so that he could look powerful and display his status.

Kehinde Wiley asserts that black men are not represented fairly and is reinventing the way we think of African Americans in artwork. In this artwork specifically, Kehinde Wiley has used vibrant colors to add to the elegant and powerful nature of the painting. The values painted in the lighting of the figure draws the emphasis to the figure since he is the most important part of the painting.

9. Label the sphere correctly with the 6 parts of shadow. Write a brief description for each.

10. What is a portrait? Explain two reasons why portraits have been created throughout history.

A portrait is an artwork that focuses on a person’s face. There are many reasons why portraits have been created through time. Some possible answers include:

- It was the only way to record what people looked like before the invention of the camera

- To display one’s status in society - To investigate one’s perception of themselves or someone else

11. What is a mixed media piece?

An artwork that used more than one media. Ex. Creating a drawing with both graphite and colored pencil.

12. What is the formula to create a grid? What is the purpose in using a grid?

1. High light: brightest part, reflection of the light source

2. Center light: illuminated part of the sphere 3. Mid tones: Transition to the darkest part of

sphere 4. Core shadow: Darkest part of the sphere 5. Reflected light: The reflection of the value

and/or color of the surface underneath the sphere

6. Cast shadow: The shadow on the surface which proves the object is blocking light; underneath the sphere/object is the occlusion shadow which is the darkest part of the cast shadow

X + = 11 This can also be written x plus diamond equals eleven. Grids helps artists change the size of their work proportionately. Grids also allows artists to make complex images simpler.

13. In the shapes below, create the illusion of form using contour lines.

Contour lines follow the “outline” of an object to help create form. This is very similar to hatching, except not all of the lines are straight. This depends on the form you are drawing.

14. In the shapes below, create the illusion of form using cross-contour lines.

15. What is a critique? What purpose does it serve? A critique is a conversation (can also be written) between artists where constructive criticism is given about the artist’s work. The purpose is to help fellow artists figure out what can be improved and what is already successful in an artwork.

16. What is a gesture drawing? What is the action line? See question #7

17. Describe the kind of work that M.C. Escher created using the EOA and POD. M.C. Escher created very complex optical illusions using math and geometry. He created many drawings which were usually in black and white. They weren’t very colorful, but he focused on his use of values to create the illusion of forms. Sometimes he used hatching and cross-hatching line-work to create form. Other times he created smooth values. Escher often used pattern and rhythm and repeated objects throughout his artwork to create a successful optical illusion. His work was very geometric and structured. Earlier in his career, he created organic landscapes and later-on focused on his illusions.

18. Define the following color theory and techniques terms: - Warm colors : Red, Yellow, Orange

- Cool colors : Blue, Green, Purple

- Primary, secondary, tertiary colors Primary: Red, Blue, YellowSecondary: Green, Orange, Purple Tertiary: RO, YO, YG, BG, BP, RP

- Tint : Color + white

- Shade : Color + black

- Tone : Color + grey

- Burnishing: the final ayer of colored pencil which creates a solid, waxy surface. This is accomplished after gradually layering thin, waxy layers many times.

- Gradient: transition of color

** Be able to reference the EOA and POD to create a short answer response about an artwork. Your final does include two short answers. Also, you will have to complete a drawing worth 50 points. You should review how to draw facial features, gestures, and from observation, as well as creating designs and abstractions.