Ch 6 Towns, Traders and Craftsperson’s (HISTORY)

1. Fill in the blanks:(a) The Rajarajeshvara temple was built in Thanjavur.(b) Ajmer is associated with the Sufi saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti.(c) Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire.(d) The Dutch established a settlement at Masulipatnam in Andhra Pradesh.2. State whether true or false:(a) We know the name of the architect of the Rajarajeshvara temple from an inscription.(b) Merchants preferred to travel individually rather than in caravans.(c) Kabul was a major centre for trade in elephants.(d) Surat was an important trading port on the Bay of Bengal.

Answer

(a) True(b) False(c) False(d) False

3. How was water supplied to the city of Thanjavur?Water was supplied to the city of Thanjavur from wells and tanks.4. Who lived in the "Black Towns" in cities such as Madras?Merchants, artisans such as weavers, traders and crafts persons lived in the "Black Towns" in cities such as Madras.5. Why do you think towns grew around temples?Towns grew around temples because: (i) They were administrative centre’s.(ii) They were also centres of commercial activities and craft production.(iii) Temples wealth was used to finance banking and trades by the temple authorities.(iv) In order to cater the needs of pilgrims, a large number of priests, artisans, workers and traders settled near the temple and slowly pilgrimage centre’s developed into townships.6. How important were crafts persons for the building and maintenance of temples?Craftspersons were very important for the building and maintenance of temples. (i) These community consist of goldsmiths, bronze smiths, blacksmiths, masons and carpenters which were essential to the building of temples.(ii) They were also helpful in the artwork in copper and silver like making idols, designing the walls and the roofs.(iii) The prosperous community of weavers also made donations to temples.7. Why did people from distant lands visit Surat?

People from distant lands visit Surat because:(i) It was the emporium of western trade.(ii) It was the gateway for trade and also been called the gate to Mecca because many pilgrim ships set sail from here.(iii) Portuguese, Dutch and English had their factories and warehouses at Surat. (iii) Textiles of Surat were famous for their gold lace borders (zari).(v) There were magnificent buildings and innumerable pleasure parks for the comfort of the people.8. In what ways was craft production in cities like Calcutta different from that in cities like Thanjavur?Craft production in cities like Calcutta different from that in cities like Thanjavur:(i) Crafts persons in Thanjavur were independent while in Calcutta they were in the hands of Europeans.(ii)In Thanjavur, crafts were developed on interest and they were creative and specialized while in Calcutta crafts persons began to work on a system of advances.(iii) They were having liberty to sell their own made crafts and textiles while here they no longer had the liberty of selling their own crafts.(iv) In Calcutta they had to reproduce the designs supplied to them by the Company agents.(v) They now had to move into the Black Towns established by the European companies within these new cities.

Ch 7 Tribes, Nomads and Settled Communities

1. Match the following:

garh kheltanda chaurasilabourer caravan

clan Garha Katanga      

Sib Singh Ahoms stateDurgawati         Paik

Answer

garh chaurasitanda caravanlabourer Paikclan khelSib Singh Ahoms state

Durgawati         Garh Katanga 2. Fill in the blanks:(a) The new castes emerging within Varna’s were called ____________.(b) _____________ was historical works written by the Ahoms.(c) The ____________ mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages.(d) As tribal states became bigger and stronger, they gave land grants to _________ and ________.

Answer(a) The new castes emerging with in Varna’s were called jatis.(b) Buranjis were historical works written by the Ahoms.(c) The Akbar Nama mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages.(d) As tribal states became bigger and stronger, they gave land grants to poets and scholars.

3. State whether true or false: (a) Tribal societies had rich oral traditions.(b) There were no tribal communities in the north-western part of the subcontinent.(c) The chaurasi in Gond states contained several cities.(d) The Bhils lived in the north-eastern part of the subcontinent.

Answer(a) True (b) False (c) False(d) False

4. What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?Nomadic pastoralists exchanged wool and ghee with settled agriculturists in return for grain, cloth, utensils and other products.5. How was the administration of the Ahoms state organized?Administration of the Ahoms state:(i) The administration was centralized during first half of the 17th century.(ii) The Ahoms state depended upon forced labour to work for the state and were called paiks.(iii) Almost all adult males served in the army during war and in other times, they were engaged in building dams, irrigation systems and other public works..(iv) Ahoms society was divided into clans or khels who often controlled several villages.(v) The peasant was given land by his village community and even king could not take it away without the permission of the community.

6. What changes took place in Varna-based society?

Social changes took place in the Varna-based society:(i) Smaller castes or jatis emerged within Varna’s.(ii) Many tribes and social groups were taken into caste-based society and given the status of jatis.(iii) Jatis became the basis for organizing society instead of Varna.(iv) Specialized artisans, smiths, carpenters and masons were also recognized as separate jatis by the Brahmanas.7. How did tribal societies change after being organized into a state?Changes in tribal societies after being organized into a state: (i) With the support of the Brahmanas, many tribes became part of the caste system.(ii) Leading tribal families joined ruling classes and a large majority joined the lower jatis of caste society.(iii) Many dominant tribes of Punjab, Sindh and the North-West Frontier had adopted Islam.(iv) Some became politically powerful and conflicted with larger and more complex kingdoms and empires.8. Were the Banjaras important for the economy?Banjaras were important for the economy as:(i) They were the most important trader-nomads.(ii) They were used to transport grain to the city markets.(iii) They buy grain where it is cheaply available and carry it to places where it is dearer.(iv) Sometimes they were hired by big merchants and trade for them.(v) They carried grain on their bullocks from different areas and sold it in towns and also transported food grain for the Mughal army during military campaigns.9. In what ways was the history of the Gonds different from that of the Ahoms? Were there any similarities?Difference:(i) Gonds lived in a vast forested region called Gondwana while the Ahoms migrated to the Brahmaputra valley from present-day Myanmar.(ii) Gonds practiced shifting cultivation while the Ahoms don't.(iii) Gonds were completely annexed by Mughal Empire while the Ahoms got defeated by the Mughals but direct control over the region could not last long.Similarities: (i) In both have administration was centralized.(ii) Both were smaller tribe who grew annexed neighbouring small societies and got power. (iii) Both the societies were divided into clans or jatis.

Ch 8 Devotional Paths to the Divine

1. Match the following:The Buddha namgharShankaradeva worship of Vishnu

Nizamuddin Auliya

questioned social differences

Nayanmars Sufi saintAlvars worship of Shiva

Answer

The Buddha questioned social differences

Shankaradeva namgharNizamuddin Auliya Sufi saint

Nayanmars worship of ShivaAlvars worship of Vishnu

2. Fill in the blanks:(a) Shankara was an advocate of _____________ .(b) Ramanuja was influenced by the ______________.(c) _____________, ______________ and _____________ were advocates of Virashaivism.(d) ________________ was an important centre of the Bhakti tradition in Maharashtra.

Answer(a) Shankara was an advocate of advaita.(b) Ramanuja was influenced by the Alvars.(c) Basavanna, Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi were advocates of Virashaivism.(d) Pandharpur was an important centre of the Bhakti tradition in Maharashtra.

3. Describe the beliefs and practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis.Beliefs and practices of the Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis:(i) They believed in logical arguments.(ii) They criticized the rituals and other aspects of conventional religion and the social order.(iii) They believed that the path to salvation lay in meditation on the formless Ultimate Reality and the realization of oneness with it.(iv) They advocated intense training of the mind and body through practices like yogasanas, breathing exercises and meditation.4. What were the major ideas expressed by Kabir? How did he express these?The major ideas expressed by Kabir:(i) His teachings were based on a complete, indeed vehement, rejection of the major religious traditions.(ii) He openly ridiculed all forms of external worship of both Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam.

(iii) He believed in a formless Supreme God.(iv) He preached that the only path to salvation was through Bhakti or devotion. He expressed these by the language of his poetry. It was a form of spoken Hindi widely understood by ordinary people. There was also a vast collection of verses called sakhis and pads by him.

5. What were the major beliefs and practices of the Sufis?Major beliefs and practices of the Sufis:(i) They rejected outward religiosity and emphasised love and devotion to God.(ii) They also emphasized compassion towards all fellow human beings.(iii) They rejected idol worship and simplified rituals of worship into collective prayers.(iv) They believed in monotheism or submission to one God.(v) They rejected the elaborate rituals and codes of behaviour demanded by Muslim religious scholars.6. Why do you think many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices?(i) Many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices because it created differences in the society.(ii) Those teachings favoured the upper caste people and lower caste people suffered.(iii) The idea that all human beings are not equal was prevailing in the society and must be abolished.(iv) They believed in equality of God and want to break the evils of the society.(v) Bondage can be broken if approached God with devotion.7. What were the major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak?Major teachings of Baba Guru Nanak:(i) He emphasized the importance of the worship of one God.(ii) He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation.(iii) The idea of liberation was not that of a state of inert bliss but rather the pursuit of active life with a strong sense of social commitment.(iv) He used the terms nam, dan and isnan for the essence of his teaching, which actually meant right worship, welfare of others and purity of conduct.(v) He underlined the importance of right belief and worship, honest living, and helping others.

Ch 6 Natural Vegetation and Wild Life (GEOGRAPHY)

1. Answer the following questions.(i) Which are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends?Temperature and moisture are the two factors on which the growth of vegetation mostly depends.(ii) Which are the three broad categories of natural vegetation?Three broad categories of natural vegetation are:(i) Forests(ii) Grasslands(iii) Shrubs(iii) Name the two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest.

Two hardwood trees commonly found in tropical evergreen forest are:(i) Rosewood(ii) Ebony(iv) In which part of the world are tropical deciduous forest found?Tropical deciduous forest are found in the large part of India,northern Australia and in central America.(v) In which climatic conditions are citrus fruits cultivated?Citrus fruits cultivated in the regions where climatic conditions are hot dry summers and mild rainy winters.(vi) Mention the uses of coniferous forest.Uses of coniferous forest:(i) Making pulp for manufacturing of paper and newsprint.(ii) Match boxes and packing boxes are also made from softwood trees.(iii) Chir, pine, cedar are economically important variety of trees.(vii) In which part of the world is seasonal grassland found?Seasonal grassland found is found in the mid latitudinal zones and in the interior part of the continents.

2. Tick the correct answer.(i) Mosses and Lichens are found in:    (a) Desertic Vegetation    (b) Tropical evergreen forest    (c) Tundra vegetation✓ (c) Tundra vegetation(ii) Thorny bushes are found in:     (a) Hot and humid tropical climate     (b) Hot and dry Desertic climate     (c) Cold polar climate✓ (b) Hot and dry Desertic climate (iii) In tropical evergreen forest, one of the common animals is:     (a) Monkey           (b) Giraffe             (c) Camel✓ (a) Monkey (iv) One important variety of coniferous forest is:     (a) Rosewood            (b) Pine          (c) Teak✓ (b) Pine(v) Steppe grassland is found in     (a) S. Africa               (b) Australia               (c) Central Asia ✓ (c) Central Asia

3. Match the following.(i) Walrus (a) Soft wood tree

(ii) Cedar (b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest

(iii) Olives (c) A polar animal(iv) (d) Temperate grassland in Australia

Elephants(v) Campos (e) Thorny shrubs(vi) Downs (f) A citrus fruit

- (g) Tropical grassland of Brazil

Answer

(i) Walrus (c) A polar animal(ii) Cedar (a) Soft wood tree(iii) Olives (f) A citrus fruit(iv) Elephants

(b) An animal of tropical deciduous forest

(v) Campos (g) Tropical grassland of Brazil(vi) Downs (d) Temperate grassland in Australia

4. Give reasons.(i) The animals in polar region have thick fur and thick skin.(ii) Tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season.(iii) The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place.

(i) The animals in polar region have thick fur and thick skin to protect themselves from the cold climatic conditions.(ii) Tropical deciduous trees shed their leaves in the dry season to survive harsh weather conditions and save water.(iii) The type and thickness of vegetation changes from place to place due to variation in temperature, altitude, thickness of soil and rainfall at different places.

Ch 7 Human Environment - Settlement, Transport and Communication

1. Answer the following questions.(i) What are the four means of transport?The four means of transport are:(i) Roadways(ii) Airways(iii) Waterways(iv) Railways(ii) What do you understand by the term ‘settlement’?Settlements are places where people build their homes which can be permanent or temporary.(iii) Which are the activities practised by the rural people?The activities practised by the rural people are agriculture, fishing, forestry, crafts work and trading etc.

(iv) Mention any two merits of railways.Two merits of railways are:(i) It can carry heavy goods and people over long distances quickly.(ii) It is cheaperand hence economical.(v) What do you understand by communication?Communication is the process of conveying messages to others.(vi) What is mass media?The communication by which a large number of audiences can be reached at the same time is called mass media. It consists of newspaper, televisions, radio etc.

2. Tick the correct answer.(i) Which is NOT a means of communication?    (a) Telephone            (b) books            (c) table✓ (c) table (ii) which type of road is constructed under the ground?     (a) Fly over              (b) expressways            (c) subways✓ (c) subways (iii) which mode of transport is most suitable to reach an island?      (a) ship              (b) train               (c) car✓ (a) ship(iv) Which vehicle does not pollute the environment      (a) cycle             (b) bus              (c) aeroplane✓ (a) cycle

3. Match the following.

(i) Internet (a) areas where people are engaged in manufacturing, trade and services

(ii) Canal route (b) closely built area of houses(iii) Urban areas (c) houses on stilts(iv) Compact settlement  (d) inland waterway

- (e) a means of communication

Answer

(i) Internet (e) a means of communication(ii) Canal route (d) inland waterway

(iii) Urban areas (a) areas where people are engaged in manufacturing, trade and services

(iv) Compact settlement (b) closely built area of houses

4. Give reasons.

(i) Today’s world is shrinking.Today’s world is shrinking because of globalization and improved means of transportation and communication. Due to improved communication system, we can talk or get connected with each other in the world at any time by internet, phones etc. Also, the news from all over the world can be known by sitting at one place. We can reach opposite corners of the world in no time due to improved means of transportation. Globalization of markets added flavour to it. That is why the world has now become small villa or get shrink.

Ch 8 Human Environment Interactions - The Tropical and the Subtropical Region

1. Answer the following questions.(i) Name the continent in which the Amazon Basin is located.Amazon Basin is located in South America.

(ii) What are the crops grown by the people of the Amazon Basin.The people of the Amazon Basin mainly grow crops like tapioca, pineapple and sweet potato. They also grow manioc also known as cassava, cocoa and coffee.(iii) Name the birds that you are likely to find in the rainforests of the Amazon.Toucans, humming birds and bird of paradise are the birds that likely to find in the rainforests of the Amazon.(iv) What are the major cities located on the River Ganga.Allahabad, Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, Patna and Kolkata are the major cities located on the River Ganga.(v) Where is the one-horned rhinoceros found?The one-horned rhinoceros is found in the Brahmaputra plain.

2. Tick the correct answer.(i) Toucans are a type of    (a) birds             (b) animals           (c) crops✓ (a) birds(ii) Manioc is the staple food of    (a) Ganga Basin            (b) Africa                (c) Amazon✓ (c) Amazon(iii) Kolkata is located on the river     (a) Orange              (b) Hooghly               (c) Bhagirathi✓ (b) Hooghly(iv) Deodars and firs are a type of     (a) Coniferous trees             (b) Deciduous trees              (c) shrubs✓ (a) Coniferous trees(v) Bengal tiger is found in    (a) mountains                 (b) delta area             (c) Amazon✓ (b) delta area3. Match the following.(i) Cotton textile (a) Assam

(ii) Maloca (b) Terrace farming

(iii) Piranha (c) Sericulture(iv) Silk worm (d) Slanting roof(v) Kaziranga (e) Ganga plain

- (f) Varanasi- (g) Fish

Answer

(i) Cotton textile (f) Varanasi

(ii) Maloca (d) Slanting roof

(iii) Piranha (g) Fish(iv) Silk worm (c) Sericulture(v) Kaziranga (a) Assam4. Give reasons.(i) The rainforests are depleting.(ii) Paddy is grown in the Ganga-Brahmaputra plains.

(i) The rainforests are depleting due to following reasons:→ The indigenous population was pushed out for the developmental activities which is leading to the the destruction of the rainforests.→ Large scale deforestation for construction of roads, industries and houses.→ For getting wood from forests in order to increase economical profit.

(ii) Paddy is grown in the Ganga-Brahmaputra plains the availability of sufficient amount of water in this area.Paddy requires fertile alluvial soil and much water to grow which is easily available in this plain. The rainfall and temperature also support the growth of paddy.

5. Map skills.(i) On an outline map of the Indian Sub-continent, draw the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra from the source to the mouth. Also show the important tributaries of both the rivers.(ii) On the political map of South America, draw the equator. Mark the countries through which the equator passes.

Answer

(i)

(ii)

Ch 9 Life in the Temperate Grasslands

1. Answer the following questions.(i) What are the Temperate Grasslands of North America called?The Temperate Grasslands of North America called The Prairies.(ii) What are the cattle farms in the North American Grasslands known as?The cattle farms in the North American Grasslands known as Ranches.(iii) Name the rivers that drain the Velds.The rivers that drain the Velds are Orange and the Limpopo.(iv)When is the rainy season in the Velds?The rainy season in the Velds is from November to February.(v) What is the major occupation of the people of the South African grasslands?Sheep rearing is the most important occupation of the people. Other major occupations include Dairy farming and mining.

2. Tick the correct answer.(i) River Mississippi drains    (a) Canada              (b) Africa                (c) USA✓ (c) USA(ii) Drakensberg Mountains are to the west of    (a) Prairies                (b) Velds               (c) Pampas✓ (b) Velds(iii) Merino is a species of     (a) fish                 (b) elephant             (c) sheep✓ (c) sheep(iv) Kimberley is famous for     (a) diamonds            (b) silver              (c) platinum✓ (a) diamonds

3. Match the following. 

(i) Cowboys (a) Iron and Steel

(ii) Gold (b) Prairies(iii) Kudu (c) Hot wind(iv) Chinook (d) Velds

(v) Coal (e) Johannesberg- (f) Animal

Answer

(i) Cowboys (b) Prairies(ii) Gold (e) Johannesberg(iii) Kudu (f) Animal(iv) Chinook (c) Hot wind

(v) Coal (a) Iron and Steel

4. Give reasons.(i) The Prairies are known as the ‘Granaries of the World’.(ii) Rise of wool industry in the Velds.

(i) The Prairies are known as the ‘Granaries of the World’ due to the huge surplus of wheat production. The soil here contains high humus content which provide required nutrition to the crops. The temperature in the Prairies is also suitable for the growth of food crops.(ii) Rise of wool industry in the Velds because people sheep rearing is the most important occupation of people living there. Sheep are bred mainly for wool and also Merino sheep is a popular species there whose wool is very warm.

5. Map skills.On an outline map of North America, mark the Rocky Mountains, the Great Lakes, river Mississippi, river Saskatchewan, the cities – Chicago and Winnipeg.

Answer

Ch 10 Life in the Deserts

1. Answer the following questions.

(a) What are the two types of deserts found in the world?

Two types of deserts found in the world are:

(i) Cold Desert

(ii) Hot Desert

(b) In which continent is the Sahara desert located?

Sahara desert is located in Africa.

(c) What are the climatic conditions of the Ladakh desert?

The climate of Ladakh is extremely cold and dry due to high altitude. The air at this altitude is so

thin that the heat of the sun can be felt intensely.

(d) What mainly attracts tourists to Ladakh?

Natural beauty, the gompas, treks to see the meadows and glaciers’, witnessing ceremonies and

festivities mainly attracts tourists to Ladakh.

(e) What type of clothes the people of the Sahara desert wear?

The people of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes as protection against dust storms and hot

winds.

(f) Name the trees that grow in Ladakh.

Trees that grow in Ladakh are Groves of willows and poplars, fruit trees such as apples, apricots

and walnuts bloom.

2. Tick the correct answer.

(i) Sahara is located in which part of Africa

    (a) eastern               (b) northern              (c) western

✓ (b) northern

(ii) Sahara is what type of desert

     (a) cold             (b) hot               (c) mild

✓ (b) hot

(iii) The Ladakh desert is mainly inhabited by

     (a) Christians and Muslims

     (b) Buddhists and Muslims

     (c) Christians and Buddhists

✓ (b) Buddhists and Muslims

(iv) Deserts are characterised by

     (a) scanty vegetation

     (b) heavy precipitation

     (c) low evaporation

✓ (a) scanty vegetation

(v) Hemis in the Ladakh is a famous

    (a) temple             (b) church            (c) monastery

✓ (c) monastery

(vi) Egypt is famous for growing

     (a) wheat            (b) maize           (c) cotton

✓ (c) cotton 

3. Match the following.

(i) Oasis (a) Libya(ii) Bedouins (b) monastery(iii) Oil (c) glacier

(iv) Gangri (d) depressions with water

(v) Lamayuru (e) cold desert

- (f) Sahara

Answer

(i) Oasis (d) depressions with water

(ii) Bedouins (f) Sahara(iii) Oil (a) Libya(iv) Gangri (c) glacier(v) Lamayuru (b) monastery

4. Give reasons.(i) There is scanty vegetation in the deserts.(ii) People of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes.

(i) There is scanty vegetation in the deserts due to unfavourable climatic conditions for the flora world to grow. The deserts both have extreme heat or extreme cold climate and receive low rainfall which is not suitable for vegetation to grow.

(ii) People of the Sahara desert wear heavy robes as protection against dust storms and hot winds. Sahara is hot deserts therefore dust storms and hot winds of containing sands is common there. It also helps them in protection from Sun.

5. Map skills.(i) On the outline map of Africa, mark the Sahara desert and any four countries around it.(ii) On the outline map of India, mark the Karakoram Range, Zaskar Range, Ladakh and Zoji La pass.

(i)

(ii)

Ch 6 Understanding Media (CIVICS)

1. In what ways do the media play an important role in a democracy?Role of media played in democracy:(i) It is the backbone or the fourth pillar of a democracy which makes us aware of social, political and economical activities. (ii) Provides news and discussing events taking place in the country and the world.(iii) It gives people information about how government works.(iv) It also give information about the election related news and results.(v)  It raises the issues or problems related to the common people in front of politicians.(vi)  It also acts as a reminder for the politicians or ministers about their promises.

2. Can you give this diagram a title? What do you understand about the link between media and big business from this diagram?

The title given to this diagram is "Media and Business house money cycle".From this diagram, we understood that there is a cyclic flow of money between media and big business.(i) Media shows news of interest to the people on radio, TV and newspaper.(ii) Big business houses advertise their products through media to attract people.(iii) Media show these advertisements by taking some charges and makes profit.(iv) People buy these products of the big business and thus the cost and advertisements along with some profit returns to them.3. You have read about the ways in which the media ‘sets the agenda’. What kind of effect does this have in a democracy? Provide two examples to support your point of view.Effect of this agenda in a democracy: (i) It influences the thoughts, feelings and actions of the people.(ii) It brings attention of the people to the various issues of the people.(iii) Somehow, it has influence in our lives and in shaping our thoughts and thus sets the agenda.Two examples in support: (i) The media drew our attention to alarming levels of pesticides in cola drinks. They published reports that indicated the high level of pesticides and thus made us aware of the need to regularly monitor these colas according to international quality and safety standards.(ii) It published the news of the mass numbers of suicide committed by the farmers which leads to large scale movement and people support and thus forced the government to look further on this issues.

Ch 7 Understanding Advertising

1. What do you understand by the word brand? List two reasons why building brands is central to

advertising?

Brand: It means stamping a product with a particular name or sign in order to differentiate it

from other products in the market.

Two reasons why building brand is central advertising:

(i) It creates a positive image of the product in the eyes of the consumer and compels them to

buy it.

(ii) It differentiates the product from the local or other competitive products in the market.

2. Choose two of your favorite print advertisements. Now, look at each of these and answer the

following questions:

a. what visuals and text is being used in these advertisements to attract my attention?

b. What values are being promoted in these advertisements?

c. Who is this advertisement speaking to and who is it leaving out?

d. If you could not afford the brand that is being advertised how would you feel?

Advertisement 1: Filter your Lifea. It shows the tagline of "Filter your life" by using the plant grown in the filter of the cigarette.b. It promotes the values of "Smoking is injurious to health".c. This advertisement speak to all those who do smoking and leave out them who don't do.d. I feel nothing if i could not afford the product but appreciate it as it spread social values.Advertisement 2: Show your child you carea. It shows the tagline of "Show your child you care" by using the soap, child and mother.b. It promotes the values of "Mothers love for their child".c. This advertisement speaks to all those women having small child and leaving out them who don't have.d. I feel nothing if could not afford the product as there are lot of other care soap for baby available in the market.

3. Can you explain two ways in which you think advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy?Two ways in which advertising affects issues of equality in a democracy: (i) It only focus on the lives of the rich and famous and forget about the issues of poverty, discrimination and dignity.(ii) Advertising tends to promote a certain lack of respect for the poor as in a democracy; all people are equal and should be able to lead a life of dignity.

Ch 8 Markets around Us

1. In what ways is a hawker different from a shop owner?

Hawker Shop Owner(i) Do not have permanent shops. (i) Have permanent shops.(ii) Generally sells non branded items, fruits, vegetables, cutlery etc. 

(ii) Sells branded as well as non branded items.

(iii) Don't have expenses like electricity bills, rents, workers etc.

(iii) Have expenses like electricity bills, rents, workers etc.

(iv) Sells products at cheaper rate. (iv) Sells cheaper as well as costlier products.

2. Compare and contrast a weekly market and a shopping complex on the following:

Market Kind of goods sold

Prices of goods Sellers Buyers

Weekly market                                                                                                           Shopping complex

Answer

Market Kind of goods sold Prices of goods Sellers Buyers

Weekly market

Non branded, Compromised quality Cheaper Small investors, Local Locals, Low income,

Poors

Shopping complex Branded, Good quality Costlier

International companies, Big investors

People from big cities, High income, Rich

3. Explain how a chain of markets is formed. What purpose does it serve?Chain of markets is a series of markets that are connected like links in a chain because products pass from one market to another.(i) Vegetables are produced on farms.(ii) The vegetable wholesale trader buys goods in large quantities.(iii) These will then be sold to other traders.(iv) Retailers took these vegetables to the market where consumers buy these.Purpose it serves: (i) Consumer can easily buy goods of far off places in the local markets.(ii) Factories and producers need not to find their consumer directly.(iii) It encourages production and new opportunities are created for people to earn.(iv) Provides employment to the large numbers of people.

4. 'All persons have equal rights to visit any shop in a marketplace.’ Do you think this is true of shops with expensive products? Explain with examples.All persons have equal rights to visit any shop in a marketplace but this is however not true for shops with expensive products. For example: (i) Big commercial shops don't allow the poor people to enter their shops sometimes. They considered them as inferior and thought as not able to buy their products.(ii) People from lower income group cannot afford to buy branded products and hesitate to enter the shop.

5. 'Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace.' Explain this statement with the help of examples.(i) Buying and selling can take place without going to a marketplace as there are many e-commerce companies providing home delivery for free.(ii) People can order products from these companies and get it delivered to their home without visiting the market.(iii) Some local shops also provide order on phone facility and people can order their good just by a call.(iv) Plastic money and internet banking made it easier to provide alternate source of payment for buying from the virtual market.

Ch 9 A Shirt in the Market

1. What made Swapna sell the cotton to the trader instead of selling at the Kurnool cotton market?Swapna sold the cotton to the trader instead of selling at the Kurnool cotton market because:(i) At the beginning of the cropping season, Swapna had borrowed Rs 2,500 from the trader at a

very high interest rate to buy seeds, fertilizers, pesticides for cultivation.(ii) So, she promised to sell all her cotton to him.

2. Describe the conditions of employment as well as the wages of workers in the garment exporting factory. Do you think the workers get a fair deal?Conditions of employment in the garment exporting factory: (i) Workers are employed on a temporary basis means they can be asked to leave anytime when not needed.(ii) They have pressure to produce quality products in limited time.(iii) They have to do hard work for long hours.No, the workers don't get a fair deal as they are not even paid the minimal wages for their work. They are being exploited by their employer and their work is also temporary. They also don't have respect for the work they do.

3. Think of something common that we use. It could be sugar, tea, milk, pen, paper, pencil, etc. Discuss through what chain of markets this reaches you. Can you think of the people that help in the production or trade?Chain of markets to produce Milk is first produced in(i) Dairy cooperatives first purchase milk at different locations.(ii) After that, milk is transported to the milk factories by the dairy cooperatives.(iii) Milk is pasteurized in the factories and is packed.(iv) Packets are milk is then given to the traders which transport them to cities where wholesaler purchase these.

(v) Retailers purchase from the wholesalers then sell these packets of milk to the consumers in the open market in booths.

4. Arrange the statements given alongside in the correct order and then fill in the numbers in the cotton bolls accordingly. The first two have already been done for you.1. Swapna sells the cotton to the trader.2. Customers buy these shirts in a supermarket.3. Trader sells cotton to the Ginning Mill.4. Garment exporters buy the cloth from merchants for making shirts.5. Yarn dealers or merchants give the yarn to the weavers.6. The exporter sells shirts to the businessperson from the USA.7. Spinning mill buys the cotton and sells yarn to the yarn dealers.8. Weavers return with the cloth.9. Ginning mill cleans the cotton and makes it into bales.

1. Swapna sells the cotton to the trader.3. Trader sells cotton to the Ginning Mill. 9. Ginning mill cleans the cotton and makes it into bales. 7. Spinning mill buys the cotton and sells yarn to the yarn dealers. 5. Yarn dealers or merchants give the yarn to the weavers.8. Weavers return with the cloth.4. Garment exporters buy the cloth from merchants for making shirts.  6. The exporter sells shirts to the businessperson from the USA. 2. Customers buy these shirts in a supermarket.

“ALL THE BEST”