1. Why were the Spanish Exploring ? SECTION 1

·                    Gold ·                    Glory·                    God 

2. Why were the English Colonizing?·                    Send Criminals ( Georgia)·                    Religion ( Plymouth, Massachusetts)·                    Military ·                    Economics ( Jamestown)  

3. Jamestown·                    Founded in 1607 (to make a profit)·                    Leader is John Smith·                    Chesapeake Bay, Virginia·                    House of Burgesses, 1619 

4. Plymouth·                    Founded in 1620 by Separatists (Pilgrims) for religious freedom·                    Cape Cod, Massachusetts·                    Mayflower Compact 1620 

5. What was the Economy of the New England colonies based on?·              Fish·              Fur ·              Shipbuilding (lumber)  

6. What were the 3 main crops grown on (fertile soil) of colonial plantations?·              Tobacco·                   Rice·                   Indigo  

7. House of Burgesses·                    Jamestown·                    Democracy (representative)·                    Elected people to make laws 

8. Mayflower Compact·                    Plymouth·                    Democracy (1st self government)·                    All adult males make laws 

9. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Written by Thomas Hooker All Men (don’t have to be a church member) Can Vote 1st Constitution in the Colonies

10. Colonial Regions New England- New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut Middle- New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey Southern- Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Will need large numbers of slaves to be profitable ( make money)

Because of religion and bad soil won’t need large number of slaves

  SECTION 211. Triangle Trade

New England to Africa—Rum Africa to West Indies—Slaves, Gold; (The Middle Passage) West Indies to New England—Molasses, Sugar, Slaves

  

12. The French and Indian War·                    Colonial War 1750-1760’s·                    Treaty of Paris 1763- ended the war·                    Washington was a military leader 

13. Boston Massacre·                    March, 1770·                    5 people killed·                    First black man killed, Crispus Attucks

14. Sons of Liberty·                    Secret Colonial Group of Protesters·                    Sam Adams head of group·                    Responsible for Boston Tea Party

15. Boston Tea Party·                    December 1773·                    Sons of Liberty·                    Protest against the Tea Act

16. What are the 3 main British taxes that caused the American Revolution?·                    Sugar Act of 1764- Tax on Sugar·                    Stamp Act of 1765- Had to put Stamps on Important Papers·                    Tea Act of 1773- Tax on Tea

17. Why did the Colonists hate the Redcoats?·                    Boston Massacre 1770- 5 people killed·                    Quartering Act of 1774- soldiers were placed in your home·                    Writs of Assistance- soldiers could search your home

18. Other Causes of the American Revolution·        Proclamation of 1763 – No settlement beyond the Appalachian Mountains·        Intolerable Acts- Punishment for the Boston Tea Party·        Mercantilism- controlling colonial trade to benefit England·        No Taxation Without Representation

19. Lexington·                    April 19, 1775·                    “Shot Heard Around the World”·                    First Battle of the Revolution 

  20. Colonial Leaders·        Thomas Paine- wrote “Common Sense”·        Patrick Henry- Orator “Give me Liberty or Give me Death”·        Wentworth Cheswell – African American Revolutionary War Veteran·        Marquis de Lafayette – French General in the Revolution; trained troops at Valley Forge  

21. Other Colonial Leaders·        Abigail Adams – First advocate for women’s rights in the new republic·      Mercy Otis Warren – Patriot writer supporting independence·        James Armistead – African American Patriot spy·        Bernardo de Galvez – Spanish military leader who fought Britain in Louisiana·        Haym Salomon – helped finance the Revolution and spy for Patriots

22. Valley Forge·        Winter camp for Washington’s troops (12,000)·        Thousands of deaths due too frostbite and starvation·        Friedrich von Stueben and Marquis de Lafayette trained the soldiers

SECTION 2 cont. 23. Declaration of Independence·        2nd Continental Congress·        Written by Thomas Jefferson·        Adams, Jefferson and Franklin help push the Declaration·        Main idea- 1. people have the power to govern themselves 2. reasons why Colonies are leaving England

24. Saratoga·             1777·             Turning Point of the Revolution·              France joins our side

25. Yorktown·                    April 1781·                    Last Battle of the Revolution·                    Cornwallis surrenders to Washington

  26. Treaty of Paris 1783·                    Set Boundaries in North America1.                  East- Atlantic Ocean2.                  West- Mississippi River (France)3.                  North- Canada (British)4.                  South- Florida (Spain)·       ( Leads to the War of 1812 because Britain is still angry over loss of colonies in Am. Rev. )

 

27. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation SECTION 3·        No Courts·        No Laws·        No Taxes·        No Military·        No Leader

  28. Other govt. documents that influenced the constitution Magna Carta – Limited the Power of the king of England in 1215 English Bill of Rights – Gave English citizens rights

 29. Constitutional Compromises

·        1. Great Compromise-Over the Legislative Branch - 2 houses ·        2. 3/5 Compromise- 5 slaves = 3 white men·        (You must have at least 5 slaves to count) 

30. Constitution·        James Madison- “Father of the Constitution” recorded all of what we know about convention·        September 17, 1787·        Bill of Rights- First 10 Amendments·       To create or change Amendment. Needs – 2/3 vote of congress and 3/4 vote of states   

31. Legislative Branch ·        Congress makes the Laws·        Senate/30 years old/ 2 per state·        House/25 years old/ by population·        Article 1 Section 8 gives powers to Legislative Branch 

32. Executive Branch·        Enforces Laws·        35 years old/natural born citizen·        Commander in Chief/ Appoints Federal Judges  

33. Judicial Branch Supreme Court 9 Justices- Serve for Life Decide Constitutionality of Law

 34. Bill of Rights

·        1st- “Freedoms”: Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly and Petition·        2nd- Right to Bear Arms·        3rd- No Quartering of Soldiers·        4th- No Search and Seizure without Warrant·        5th- due process (no double jeopardy) self-Incrimination·        6th- Speedy Trial·        7th- Trial by Jury·        8th- No Cruel or Unusual Punishment  9th- Certain rights stay with people  10th- Certain rights stay with states

SECTION 435. Washington’s Farewell Address Warnings and 4 precedents·        No political parties ·        No foreign treaties 

 36. Louisiana Purchase

1803 Purchased by Thomas Jefferson from France Doubles the size of the United States

  37. Landmark Supreme Court Cases

Marbury v. Madison- Judicial Review McCulloch v. Maryland- Bank Constitutionality Gibbons v. Ogden-Federal Law over State Law Worcester v. Georgia- Only Federal gov’t can deal with Indians Dred Scott- Not a citizen; cannot sue

  

38. War of 1812·        General Andrew Jackson military leader·        Causes – Impressment of ships and sailors·        Washington DC burned  39. Economic Terms·        Capitalism-Alexander Hamilton (Adam Smith)·        Taxes- Money Paid to the Government·        Tariff- Tax on Imports or Exports·        Protective Tariff- Tax on Imports to Help American Business  

40. Monroe Doctrine Europe must stay out of western hemisphere cannot colonize anymore

41. Missouri Compromise·        Henry Clay·        Maine Free State/ Missouri Slave State·        Established line on Map where Slavery was to end 42. Jacksonian Democracy

Common Man’s President Expanded voting (suffrage) Got rid of the national bank Supported protective tariffs

  

1. Mr. President, 2. cabinet, 3. 2 terms, 4. farewell address

43. Indian Removal Policies·        Removed to reservations·        President Jackson Hates Indians·        “Trail of Tears”·        Wipes out Cherokees (Sequoyah)

44. Famous Inventors and Inventions SECTION 5·        Whitney- Cotton Gin 1796·        Whitney-Interchangeable Parts 1805·        Deere- Steel Plow·        McCormick-Mechanical Reaper·        Fulton- Steamboat·        Bessemer- Steel  45. Famous American Authors / Artists·        Longfellow/ Son of the Hiawatha / -Indians·        Thoreau; Walden book/ - Civil Disobedience·        Alcott /Little Women/ - Female Writer Thomas Cole / painter / Hudson River school / natural themes  James Audubon / painter / birds 46. Women’s Movement·        Abigail Adams- Helped start the Movement in 1700’s·        Elizabeth Cady Stanton- First Important Leader·        Susan B. Anthony- Voting Rights

47. Abolitionist Movement·        Stowe- Wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”·        Tubman-Underground Railroad·        Douglass- Orator and Author·        Garrison- Published the Newspaper “Liberator” 48. Other social movements Horace man – Education for all children Dorothea Dix – prison reform Temperance movement – get rid of Alcohol  49. Westward Expansion SECTION 6·        Manifest Destiny·        Louisiana Purchase 1803·        Florida 1819·        Texas 1845·        Mexican Cession 1848·        Gadsden Purchase 1853   50. Compromise of 1850 Henry Clay California Free State Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory would Vote on Issue of Slavery ( popular sovereignty) Texas gives up Land and the U.S. pays Texas Debts 

(Transcendentalist)- against Industrial revolution and manifest destiny

51. Kansas-Nebraska Act·        Stephen Douglas·        Popular Sovereignty “Let the People Vote” on Slavery·        John Brown-“Bloody Kansas”·        Kansas comes in as a Free State

52. Civil War Causes ECONOMICS1.  Slavery2.  Protective Tariffs CULTURAL 1.  Uncle Tom’s Cabin2.  John Brown – Bloody Kansas / Harper’s Ferry raidPOLITICAL1. Election of Abraham Lincoln

53. People of Civil War Lincoln – President of Union Jefferson Davis – President of Confederacy Grant – General of Union Lee – Top General of Confederacy Stonewall Jackson – General of Confederacy William Carney – First African American medal of honor winner Phillip Bazaar – Chilean medal of honor winner in navy Julia Howe – Battle Hymn of Republic song

54. Battles of Civil War Ft. Sumter – opening shot Antietam – Bloodiest battle Vicksburg – North captures Mississippi river Gettysburg – turning point Appomattox courthouse – end of war

55. Civil War Amendments 13th- Abolished Slavery 14th- Citizenship for Blacks; no discrimination, “due process” clause 15th- Right to Vote for Black Males 

56. Reconstruction Terms Freedmen schools – Schools to teach freed slaves Carpet baggers – northerners helping rebuild south Scallywags – Southerners working with northerners Black codes – laws to keep down newly freed blacks Jim Crow Laws – Kept blacks segregated( separated) in South from whites Sharecropping – poor blacks and whites renting land to farm