Washington Beer: A Heady History of Evergreen State Brewing

Introduction

1. “Five gallons of lager.” Reminiscences of Washington Territory: Scenes, Incidents and Reflections of the Pioneer Period on Puget Sound, 61.

Chapter 1. The Beginning: When Beer Came to Washington

1. “…named by fanatics and ignorant people.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic Value as a National Beverage, 142.

2. Henry Weinhard, http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=B6C30BC3-1C23-B9D3-686A0541C39727CB, accessed April 15, 2015.

3. “which catered primarily to the soldiers garrisoned there.” Henry Weinhard, 3, http://www.ohs.org/education/oregonhistory/historical_records/dspDocument.cfm?doc_ID=B6C30BC3-1C23-B9D3-686A0541C39727CB, accessed April 15, 2015.

4. “…George Bottler who was operating a small brewery.” Portland Beer, 24.5. “…renamed it Vancouver Brewery.” Portland Beer, 25.6. “…Fort Walla Walla with beer before 1859.” “History of 345 South Second Avenue, Walla Walla,”

http://ww2020.net/345-s-second, accessed April 12, 2015.7. “In 1862 Meyer built City Brewery on Second Street.” “History of 345 South Second Avenue, Walla

Walla,” http://ww2020.net/345-s-second, accessed April 12, 2015.8. “…was his Colville Brewery, in 1874.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 364.9. “In 1878 he sold 126 barrels of beer and 186 barrels in 1879.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic Value as

a National Beverage, 259–60.10. “…Hofstetter became the first chairman of the council.” An Illustrated History of Stevens, Ferry,

Okanogan and Chelan, 129–30.11. “We wish Mr. Wood success in his enterprise.” Olympia Lore, http://olyblog.net/book/export/html/1892,

accessed May 7, 2015.12. “…purchase of a Hunneman ‘tub’ engine.” History of the City of Walla Walla Fire Department,

http://www.wwpflocal404.org/?zone=/unionactive/view_page.cfm&page=History, accessed April 12, 2015.

13. “…beer and cream ale in Seattle prior to the spring of 1864.” History of Seattle, vol. 2, 626.14. “…was operated by McLoon & Sherman.” Ibid.15. History of Seattle, vol. 2, 626.16. “…west side of First Avenue at Columbia Street.” Ibid.17. “…Schmieg partnered with Amos Brown.” Ibid.18. “For a time the Brown family lived on the second floor of the brewery.” North Pacific Brewery, circa 1865,

http://digitalcollections.lib.washington.edu/cdm/ref/collection/prosch_washington/id/224, accessed April 15, 2015.

19. “…they were manufacturing porter, ale and lager beer.” History of Seattle, Washington, 297.20. “…listed as a brewer with his real estate valued at $7,525.” 1870 federal census, Ancestry.com, accessed

April 17, 2015.21. “…operating a distillery and brewery in Steilacoom.” Pacific Coast Directory, 1867, accessed via

Ancestry.com, April 15, 2015.22. “…Robert’s Creek (Lincoln Creek) for the next five years.” “History of 345 South Second Avenue, Walla

Walla,” http://ww2020.net/345-s-second, accessed April 12, 2015.23. “In 1870, Jacob Barth, 48, from England, was a brewer in Mukilteo.” 1870 Federal Census, Ancestry.com.24. “…Jacob Ripstein of Switzerland was a brewer in the same town.” 1871 Washington Census,

Ancestry.com.25. “…when they began brewing lager beer.” An Illustrated History of Southeastern Washington, Including

Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties, 212.26. “…brewed with lager yeast without the use of refrigeration.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_beer,

accessed April 26, 2015.27. “…Joseph Hellmuth had a business interest in the Stahl property.” “History of 345 South Second Avenue,

Walla Walla,” http://ww2020.net/345-s-second, accessed April 12, 2015.

28. “She successfully ran the brewery for twelve years until her husband’s death in 1884.” An Illustrated History of Southeastern Washington, Including Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties, 212.

29. “The brewery sold 851 barrels of beer in 1878 and 811 in 1879.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic Value as a National Beverage, 259–60.

30. “The Wood’s sold sold 175 barrels of beer in 1878 and 24 in 1879.” Ibid.31. “…purchased the brewery in 1875, and renamed it Star Brewery.” Legendary Locals of Walla Walla, 31.32. “The brewery sold 216 barrels of beer in 1878 and 222 barrels in 1879.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic

Value as a National Beverage, 259–60.33. “…the following year sold it to Frost & Fowler.” David Dilgard, “Mukilteo’s Eagle Brewery,” MHS

Newsline (Spring 2014).34. “…partners Theodore H. Boehme and Herman Klausman.” Northern Star (Mukilteo), August 10, 1878.35. “They sold 240 barrels of beer in 1878 and 432 barrels in 1879.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic Value

as a National Beverage, 259.36. “Andrew Slorah was born in 1841.” Seattle City Directory, 1876.37. “…consequently lager beer is the common beverage.” Seattle Daily Intelligencer, November 24, 1877.38. “In 1878 he sold 1,652 barrels of beer and in 1879 he sold 1,111 barrels.” Beer, Its History and Its

Economic Value as a National Beverage, 260.39. “…left the brewery in the care of August Mehlhorn.” History of Seattle, Washington, 625.40. “In 1875 he began driving a beer wagon for Schmieg & Brown’s North Pacific Brewery.” A Volume of

Memoirs and Genealogy of Representative Citizens of the City of Seattle and County of King, 198–99.41. “…judgment against the brewery for back wages.” History of Seattle, Washington, 625.42. “…proprietors of the brewery at Front Street between Cherry and Columbia Streets in 1876.” Seattle City

Directory, 1876.43. “Wolf Schaefer started a brewery on Starling Street in Steilacoom in 1873.” Tacoma Public Library, Series

KERLEE, image #05, date circa 1890.44. “…making them the largest brewery in the state at the time.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic Value as a

National Beverage, 259–60.45. “The following year, 1879, they only sold 60 barrels.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic Value as a

National Beverage, 259–60.46. “The Scholl Brothers (Emil and Ernst) were running a brewery in Pomeroy in 1878.” Lyman’s History of

Old Walla Walla County, Embracing Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties, 383.47. “…Walla Walla when he opened his brewery there.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 93–94.48. “Their Columbia Brewery had no sales in 1878 and sold 36 barrels in 1879.” Beer, Its History and Its

Economic Value as a National Beverage, 259–60.49. “They were in business until 1884 when they sold the brewery to John Rehorn, who closed it in 1892.”

Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 93–94.50. “…was available for delivery ‘as often as desired.’” Vancouver (WA) Independent, August 7, 1879.51. “…they sold 218 barrels in 1878 and 243 in 1879.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic Value as a National

Beverage, 259–60.52. “…bottled beer, or lager beer, in kegs.” Vancouver (WA) Independent, August 7, 1879.53. “…possibly making them the smallest brewery in the state.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic Value as a

National Beverage, 259–60.

The Hop Industry: Washington’s Cash Crop

1. “This was the beginning of the hop business in the Puyallup Valley, and the Territory of Washington.” Ventures and Adventures of Ezra Meeker, 283–85.

2. “He purchased Ezra’s hops for fourteen years.” Ibid.3. “…twenty-six successive years.” Ibid.4. “…a hop that would compete with any product in the world.” Ibid., 286.5. “…the largest hop export business in the country.” Ibid.6. “…the business quit me.” Ibid., 288.7. “…one-third of the New York production came from Otsego County.”

http://www.upstatechunk.com/beer/hops/nyhistory.htm, accessed June 19, 2015.8. “They would pick berry by berry.” http://www.opb.org/news/article/worldwide-hop-shortage-spurs-boom-

yakima-valley, accessed July 5, 2015.

9. “…work the fields from sunrise to sunset.” http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5274, accessed June 22, 2015.

10. “Two thousand five hundred came into the Puyallup valley during the hop harvest of 1882.” Hop Culture in the United States, 18.

11. “By 2006, worldwide hop acreage was down to 113,417 acres.” http://byo.com/grains/item/1476-the-bitter-end-the-great-2008-hop-shortage, accessed July 5, 2015.

12. “In 2006 a massive fire at the S.S. Steiner hop warehouse in Yakima.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2006/oct/03/fire-destroys-yakima-hop-warehouse, accessed July 5, 2015.

13. “…still produce the best beer in the world.” http://www.opb.org/news/article/worldwide-hop-shortage-spurs-boom-yakima-valley, accessed July 5, 2015.

14. “…twenty-six percent more hops were planted in the spring of 2008.” Ibid.15. “…a sixteen percent increase in the number of acres from 2014.”

http://usahops.org/userfiles/image/1434052953_2015%20revised%20June%20Hop%20Acreage%20USDA%20NASS.pdf, accessed June 19, 2015.

Chapter 2. The 1880s and 1890s: The Territory Grows as the Century Ends

1. “…producing 1,559 barrels in 1879, was Schaefer & Howard in Steilacoom.” Beer, Its History and Its Economic Value as a National Beverage, 259–60.

2. “…in 1880 to erect a new brick brewery on the same site.” “History of 119–125 West Alder Street, Walla Walla,” http://ww2020.net/123-w-alder, accessed April 14, 2015.

3. “Just two years later Weinhard became sole owner of the brewery.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 603.4. “…it ended up sliding downhill into the water.” History of Seattle, vol. 2, 502.5. “…ran a saloon on Front Street before retiring in 1889.” A Volume of Memoirs and Genealogy of

Representative Citizens of the City of Seattle and County of King, 198–99.6. “…rebuilt the brewery and opened in 1882, operating it until 1884.” Mukilteo Multimodal Project, Draft

EIS, April 2013, 31.7. “…selling nothing that first year, but 159 barrels of beer were sold in 1879.” Beer, Its History and Its

Economic Value as a National Beverage, 259–60.8. “A severe fire in Colfax destroyed twenty-five buildings in 1882, including the brewery.”

http://www.colfaxwa.org/#!brief-fire-history/c24ze.9. “With new partner Wolford, the brewery was rebuilt that year.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 85.10. “The brewery was still in business as late as 1889.” Federal Census, various years.11. “After two years he resigned and left for Seattle.” A Volume of Memoirs and Genealogy of Representative

Citizens of the City of Seattle and County of King, 420.12. “…near the head of the bay under the name Kopp & Hemrich.” Sketches of Washingtonians: Containing

Brief Histories, 193–94.13. “Their first year in business they brewed 2,658 barrels of beer.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.14. “…Jacob Weinhard took sole possession of the plant.” Lyman’s History of Old Walla Walla County,

Embracing Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties, 350.15. “…adding a malt house and outdoor German beer garden.” http://www.weinhard.com/weinhard-

history.htm, Weinhard History, accessed April 30, 2015.16. “…Sweeney became sole owner.” An Illustrated History of the State of Washington, 503.17. “He operated the brewery until 1907.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 84.18. “This brewery only survived four years.” Ibid., 85.19. “That same year Diederich Stegmann established a brewery at the same address.” Hidden History of

Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the City of Destiny, 44.20. “…they named the Bay View Brewery.” A Volume of Memoirs and Genealogy of Representative Citizens

of the City of Seattle and County of King, 420.21. “…formed United States Brewing & Ice Company.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from

the City of Destiny, 44.22. “There he established the New York Brewery.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.23. “…in 1886 when the Brewery Workers’ Union was formed.” The CIO Challenge to the AFL: A History of

the American Labor Movement, 488.24. “…on the north side of Main Street near the bridge.” Los Angeles Herald, March 9, 1887, 1.

25. “…City Brewery owned by Stahl. It was later known as Schwarz’s Saloon.” “History of 129 West Main Street, Walla Walla, Washington,” http://ww2020.net/129-w-main, accessed April 13, 2015.

26. “…in a brewery, which he held for fourteen years.” A History of the Puget Sound Country, Its Resources, Its Commerce and Its People.

27. “…at City Brewery owned by Henry Weinhard.” Portland, Oregon City Directory, 1887.28. “…with a capacity of 80,000 barrels per year.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.29. “…who operated as Michaelson Bros. & Co.” http://www.taverntrove.com/brewery.php?BreweryId=2139,

accessed May 28, 2015.30. “…ran it as M.E. Bourgardes & Co.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 85.31. “…arrested in August 1893 for poisoning eleven horses.” Morning Olympian, August 12, 1893,

http://www.newspaperabstracts.com/link.php?action=detail&id=125262, accessed May 28, 2015.32. “…Claussen was brewmaster and secretary-treasurer.” History of Seattle, vol. 2, 626.33. “…an annual output of 36,000 barrels of beer.” An Illustrated History of the State of Washington, 503.34. “…capital stock was soon increased to $140,000.” History of Seattle, vol. 2, 626.35. “…Puget Sound Brewery at 2501–15 Jefferson in 1888.” Tacoma City Directory, 1890; One Hundred

Years of Brewing, 535.36. “…could produce 260 barrels per day.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the City of

Destiny, 45.37. “The Largest Brewery in Washington Territory.” Tacoma City Directory, 1889.38. “…Walhalla Beer and Der Goetten Trank Beer.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the

City of Destiny, 45.39. “The facility had a malt house and bottling works attached to it.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.40. “Northern Pacific Railroad took over the brewery and two years later closed it.” Tacoma Public Library,

Series KERLEE, image #05, date circa 1890.41. “…Washington became the 42nd state of the United States of America.”

http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?displaypage=output.cfm&file_id=5210.42. “…the voters turned it down.” http://www.washingtonhistory.org/research/whc/milestones/aftersuffrage/

prohibition.43. “The Old Tacoma Brewery opened in Tacoma in 1889 at 2118–22 North Thirtieth Street.” Hidden History

of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the City of Destiny, 45.44. “…Simon Donau, president, and James H. Barry.” Ibid.45. “That first year they did about 500 barrels of lager beer.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.46. “…D. N. Baxter, secretary and Herman Chapin, treasurer.” Seattle City Directory, 1890.47. “…Hieber Brewing and Malting Company, with lager beer his specialty.”

http://www.breweryhistory.com/journal/archive/141/Ronnenberg.pdf.48. “…perhaps the finest in the state of Washington.” http://www.weinhard.com/weinhard-history.htm,

Weinhard History, accessed April 30, 2015.49. “…Mathies Karasek as secretary-treasurer.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the City

of Destiny, 44.50. “…selling it to Joseph Pohle of J. Phole & Company.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 86.51. “…with capital stock of $300,000.” An Illustrated History of Washington, 485.52. “…superintendent and president of the new corporation.” History of Seattle, vol. 2, 626.53. “…Peter A. Kalenborn, secretary.” Tacoma City Directory, 1892.54. “…keep beer priced at eight dollars per barrel and not to enter each others territory.” Seattle Post-

Intelligencer, March 21, 1897, 2.55. “…60,000 barrels per year and employed twenty-three men.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known

Tales from the City of Destiny, 45.56. “…John Gund who owned a brewery in LaCrosse, Wisconsin.” Brewing in Cleveland, 34.57. “…moving to Seattle and buying into Claussen-Sweeney.”

http://www.accessgenealogy.com/ohio/biographical-sketch-of-george-f-gund.htm, accessed on April 20, 2015, last updated on March 12, 2012.

58. “…Diamond Ice and Cold Storage Company, of which he was vice president.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 536.

59. “One of the creditors ran the brewery for several months as security for payment.” The Federal Reporter: Cases Argued and Determined in the Circuit District Courts of the United States, vol. 47, 6.

60. “They sought an injunction and damages.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, August 25, 1891, 5.

61. “The Schlotfeldt Brothers were also owners of meat markets in several cities.” Roslyn (WA) Sentinel, March 1, 1895.

62. “Julius Galland was elected president and Adolph Galland, secretary.” History of the City of Spokane and Spokane County, Washington, vol. 2, 197.

63. “…opened a brewery in Auburn in 1893.” http://www.oldbreweries.com/breweries-by-state/washington/auburn-wa-2-breweries/slaughter-malt-brewing-co-wa-5b, accessed May 28, 2015.

64. “…a loss of $25,000, which was covered by insurance.” The American Elevator and Grain Trade, July 15, 1897.

65. “…Engelbert Leible purchased it and held it until the next century.” http://www.taverntrove.com/brewery.php?BreweryId=2140, accessed may 28, 2015.

66. “…Frederick Kirschner was treasurer.” An Illustrated History of the State of Washington, 503.67. “…had a capacity of 150,000 barrels per year.” Ibid.68. “…lived in Chicago where he manufactured office furniture.” Family tree, Ancestry.com, accessed April

28, 2015.69. “…purchased the Star Brewery in Vancouver from Anton Young.” The Coast (April 1909): 264.70. “…Peter A. Kalenborn was vice president and treasurer.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales

from the City of Destiny, 45.71. “They held their ground at eight dollars per barrel.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 21, 1897, 2.72. “…they began malt production at the facility.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.73. “…W. H. Murray became the new secretary.” Seattle City Directory, 1895.74. “…Frederick Kirschner continued as treasurer.” Ibid., 1897.75. “…his brother Louis became secretary and treasurer.” Ibid., 1898.76. “…purchased a brewery in Cleveland where he would live out his life.”

http://www.accessgenealogy.com/ohio/biographical-sketch-of-george-f-gund.htm, accessed April 20, 2015, last updated March 12, 2012.

77. “After his death his estate found $11,755, in mostly twenty dollar gold coins, hidden in a tin box.” The Western Brewer (July 1906): 382.

78. “His estate ran the brewery from July, 1896 to July, 1900.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.79. “…Schmidt built the Centennial Brewery in Butte, Montana.” Sketches of Washingtonians: Containing

Brief Histories, 275.80. “…it was perfect for brewing.” Great American Beers, 94.81. “…secured water rights and built the Capital Brewing Company.” Ibid.82. “He kegged the first beer on October 1, 1896.” Sketches of Washingtonians: Containing Brief Histories,

275.83. “The following year he sold his Butte, Montana brewery.” Great American Beers, 94.84. “…leaving Theodore in charge.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.85. “…brewers and bottlers of English ales and porters.” Seattle City Directories and Ancestry.com family tree.86. “…Britannia Brewing went into receivership.” Seattle City Directory, 1900.87. “…bankrupt while running a brewery in 1832 in England.” London Gazette, October 1832, from

Ancestry.com Ganly family tree, accessed May 16, 2015.88. “…offering year-long contracts at that rate to saloon owners.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 21, 1897,

2.89. “we will not give this up without a struggle.” Ibid.90. “…Sweeney decided to hold out for a better price.” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, March 3, 1898, 5.91. “…Northport Brewing Company in Northport.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 536.92. “…and Virges, treasurer.” Tacoma City Directory, 1897; One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535; Seattle

Post-Intelligencer, March 3, 1898, 5.93. “Brewers of Steam Beer and Porter.” Seattle City Directory, 1897.94. “…Victoria Brewing Company for two years.” Sketches of Washingtonians: Containing Brief Histories,

193.95. “…Seattle Brewing & Malting Company, as foreman.” Ibid.96. “…in 1893, as bookkeeper.” Ibid., 194.97. “…renamed it Hemrich Brothers Brewing.” Ibid., 193.98. “…Falligan a saloon in nearby Republic.” http://genealogytrails.com/wash/ferry/bios2.html, accessed June

17, 2015.

99. “…just three years after Charles Henco retired.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.100.“…when he shut it down and moved to Oroville.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 83.101.“…Washington, Alaska, China and the Philippines.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.102.“…firm which manufactured lager beer.” The Coast (April 1909): 264; One Hundred Years of Brewing,

535.103.“…his Britannia Brewing had failed.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 536.104.“…18,000 barrels of porter and lager beer per year.” Ibid., 535.

Chapter 3. 1900: Dawn of a New Century

1. “…representative of eastern capitalists.” Spokane Daily Chronicle, December 31, 1953, 1.2. “…financing of the Spokane water department.” Ibid.3. “…W. J. C. Wakefield, secretary and treasurer.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.4. “…St. Louis Brewing & Malting Company.” American Brewers’ Review (August 20, 1900): 58.5. “…to form the Columbia Brewing Company.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 536.6. “…a major shareholder in the brewery.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the City of

Destiny, 45–46.7. “…pumping 66,000 gallons per day.” Tacoma Public Library, Series D76717, image #4, July 23, 1953.8. “…Golden Foam Beer, and Old Pilsner Beer.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the

City of Destiny, 46.9. “…sold by the receiver in June 1900.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 536.10. “…Joseph May, Cornelius F. Schmidt, and Alvin M. Hemrich.” Seattle City Directory, 1901.11. “…which would become their main plant.” A Volume of Memoirs and Genealogy of Representative

Citizens of the City of Seattle and County of King, 420–21.12. “…suitable for brewing their beer.” Spokane Daily Chronicle, April 9, 1900, 7.13. “…brewery to increase capacity.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.14. “…at a cost of $65,000.” The Improvement Bulletin (February 17, 1900): 29.15. “…to produce 110,000 barrels of beer per year.” Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Dreams—The Early Years,

1903–1940, 37.16. “The plant was open a couple years at most before closing.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 536.17. “…capacity of 175,000 bushels per year.” Ibid., 603.18. “…12,000 barrels per year.” Pacific Wine and Spirit Review (March 16, 1901).19. “Dreyer was president and manager.” A History of the Puget Sound Country, Its Resources, Its Commerce,

438.20. “…the lumbermen, the loggers and the trappers.” Pittsburgh Press, November 16, 1932, 21.21. “…William de Curtin was vice president and secretary.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 536.22. “…in July 1902 they began bottling their beer.” Ibid.23. “…producing 6,000 barrels per year by this time.” Ibid., 535.24. “…beer was flowing the following month.” http://Pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/16261; One Hundred

Years of Brewing, 536.25. “…they maintained a bottling plant for local distribution.” The Coast (July 1903): 9–10.26. “…5,000 to 40,000 barrels per year in just six years.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.27. “It was destroyed by the fire at a loss of $55,000.” History of Seattle, vol. 2, 508.28. “…the brewery would be rebuilt.” Seattle Star, August 31, 1902, 2.29. “…and shipping to outside towns.” American Brewers’ Review (September 1, 1911): 408.30. “…forced to close with the start of Prohibition.” http://www.taverntrove.com/brewery.php?

BreweryId=2139, accessed May 28, 2015.31. “…the water was good for brewing beer.” History of North Washington.32. “…but was only open until 1910.” Brewed in The Pacific Northwest, 84.33. “…Galland-Burke Brewing & Malting Co. on Broadway.” Spokane City Directory, 1908.34. “…Reinhard Martin was superintendent.” Spokane City Directory, 1905.35. “…about 100,000 barrels per year.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.36. “…which is still standing as the Delaney Apartments.”

http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2014/jul/07/then-and-now-realty-buildings-storied-history/Then and Now: Realty Building’s storied history, accessed April 14, 2015.

37. “…a capacity of 35,000 to 40,000 barrels per year.” Zachary Wnek, “Schade Brewery,” Spokane Historical, accessed April 29, 2015, http://spokanehistorical.org/items/show/152.

38. “…capacity of 100,000 barrels per year.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 536.39. “…merged with Bellingham Bay Brewery in 1903.” A History of the Puget Sound Country: Its Resources,

Its Commerce, 547.40. “…Rainier Beer, was known along the west coast.” A Volume of Memoirs and Genealogy of Representative

Citizens of the City of Seattle and County of King, 420–21.41. “…John T. Campion, treasurer.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.42. “…There’s New Vigor and Strength in Every Drop.” Seattle City Directory, 1902.43. “…Spellmire-West Brewing Company.” Ibid.44. “…Seattle Ale and Porter Company in Seattle.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 536.45. “…before it was in receivership in 1903.” Seattle City Directory, 1903.46. “…unions boycotted Seattle Brewing and their beer.” Seattle Star, December 15, 1903.47. “…when it was sold to to Arnold Krueger.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 364.48. “…with a capacity of 300 barrels per year.” The Coast (January 1907): 34.49. “The brewery closed in 1912.” http://www.taverntrove.com/brewery.php?BreweryId=2140, accessed may

28, 2015.50. “…so he could build a new five story brewery.” Spokesman-Review, October 9, 1902, 6.51. “…Rudolph Gorsulowski general superintendent.” Evening Statesman, February 29, 1904.52. “…Woldemar Stockder, secretary, treasurer and general superintendent.” An Illustrated History of

Southeastern Washington, Including Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties, 212.53. “…operated it until the new plant was completed.” American Brewers’ Review (October 1, 1904): 457.54. “…over $165,000 in the process.” The Coast (April 1909): 264.55. “…$4,000 per month and fifty employees.” Ibid.56. “…Boise, Idaho with a capital stock of $200,000.” American Brewers’ Review (July 1905): 290.57. “…within 150 miles of Spokane for a period of ten years.” American Brewers’ Review (November 1905):

493.58. “…J. A. Velton general superintendent of the plant.” The Western Brewer (March 1906): 141.59. “Brewers minimum pay was set at $20 per week.” Washington Public Documents, vol. 3, 179.60. “…inexperienced help and a boycott of their products.” Ibid., 178–79.61. “…Northport Brewing Company.” The Western Brewer (January 1906): 88.62. “…Tacoma Beer and Pacific Beer brands.” Tacoma Public Library, Series TPL, image #1128, date circa

1900.63. “But shareholders weren’t happy.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the City of

Destiny, 46.64. “…convert the proceeds into dividends.” San Francisco Call, April 23, 1905, 27.65. “…to finance the investment.” American Brewers’ Review (February 1, 1906): 73.66. “…an annual capacity of 600,000 barrels.” Sketches of Washingtonians: Containing Brief Histories, 194.67. “Total cost, including furnishings, was $40,000.” American Brewers’ Review (February 1, 1906): 70.68. “…Olympia Brewing Company built a new brick brewery in 1906.” Great American Beer, 94.69. “…fight the growing Seattle ‘syndicate.’” American Brewers’ Review (February 1, 1906): 73.70. “…a new 100-ton refrigeration system.” Ice and Refrigeration (February 1906): 70.71. “…an additional 25,000 barrel capacity.” Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Dreams—The Early Years, 1903–

1940, 44.72. “…$1,000,000 order was placed.”

http://bottlesboozeandbackstories.blogspot.com/2012_03_01_archive.html, accessed May 28, 2015.73. “…brewed its first beer in mid-May 1907.” (Olympia) Washington Standard, May 24, 1907.74. “He plead guilty and was fined.” “Krueger vs. Colville,”

http://courts.mrsc.org/mc/courts/zwashreports/049WashReport/049WashReport0295.htm, accessed May 28, 2015.

75. “Colville Brewing and Bottling Company, Ltd.” (Portland) Morning Oregonian, May 6, 1907, http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83025138/1907-05-06/ed-1/seq-13/ocr, accessed May 29, 2015.

76. “…the property auctioned off in 1911.” Colville Examiner, April 1, 1911, 6.77. “…refrigeration and bottling facility in early 1906.” American Brewers’ Review (March 1, 1906): 126.78. “…San Jose, California at a cost of $3,000.” American Brewers’ Review (April 1, 1906): 186.79. “…Spellmire Brewing Company was incorporated.” The Western Brewer (July 1906): 378.

80. “…moved to California where he became a steamfitter.” Alameda California City Directories.81. “…malt house to Max Dunlap and A.P. Cahill.” The Western Brewer (November 1906): 584.82. “…2,400 barrels of lager beer per year by 1902.” One Hundred Years of Brewing, 535.83. “…capital stock was raised from $20,000 to $75,000.” State of Washington Tenth Biennial Report 1907–8.84. “…James Clark was president.” Ellensburg City Directory, 1911.85. “…$7,000 in insurance, but the plant would be rebuilt.” San Juan Islander, July 13, 1907; Evening

Statesman (Walla Walla), July 8, 1907.86. “Seattle Brewing & Malting Company registered the trademark for Rainier Beer.” Reports, Addresses,

Proceedings of the Annual Convention, vol. 48, 179.87. “The Brewery Workers’ Union lost their charter in 1907.” The CIO Challenge to the AFL: A History of the

American Labor Movement, 488.88. “The Schade Brewery in Spokane expanded.” Zachary Wnek, “Schade Brewery,” Spokane Historical,

http://spokanehistorical.org/items/show/152, accessed April 29, 2015.89. “The Bavaria Brewery, open since 1884 in Cheney.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 84.90. “Schmidt died there in late July 1916.” Cheney Free Press, Friday, July 28, 1916.91. “…leaving an estate of $102,825.” Pacific Reporter, 120; Stahl v. Schwarz, 856–61.92. “…unincorporated county areas could petition for an election to vote dry.”

http://www.washingtonhistory.org/research/whc/milestones/aftersuffrage/prohibition.93. “…one of the larger breweries in Washington at the time.” The Coast (June 1909): 444.94. “Henry Boehmke of Cleveland Brewing Association.” Ibid.95. “…payroll of over $100,000 a year.” The Coast (April 1909): 264.96. “…selling under the 3-B Beer brand until Prohibition.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 84.

Chapter 4. From the 1910s to the 1930s: Prohibition Comes to Washington

1. “…$150,000 brewery could be built at 350 South Second Avenue.” American Brewers’ Review (May 1, 1910): 206.

2. “He lived in a fine home in Bay View.” A Volume of Memoirs and Genealogy of Representative Citizens of the City of Seattle and County of King, 421.

3. “…president of Eureka Coal Company.” An Illustrated History of Washington, 486.4. “…William Huntley continued as secretary and treasurer.” Spokane City Directories.5. “He added a conference-room wing to his house.” “Schmidt House History,”

http://www.olytumfoundation.org/history-schmidt-house.asp, accessed May 14, 2015.6. “He made Henry Schupp manager of the hotel.” “Leopold Hotel (1224 Cornwall Avenue),”

http://www.cob.org/services/planning/historic/buildings/20-leopold-hotel.aspx, accessed May 14, 2015.7. “The brewery operated until Prohibition started in 1916.” American Bottler (October 15, 1912): 63;

Oroville Weekly Gazette, September 6, 1912, 1.8. “Betz had been a councilman in Walla Walla.” Legendary Locals of Walla Walla, 31.9. “…made from the choicest Barley malt, Rice and Hops.” Seattle Star, October 5, 1912, 3.10. “…$1,400,000 in sales from outside the state.” Ibid.11. “Blackistone was vice president and general manager.” The Western Brewer (July 1913): 36.12. “On May 16, 1893 he ‘pummeled with a cane.’” Dalles Daily Chronicle, May 17, 1893.13. “In July, 1914 a fire broke out in the boiler room.” East Oregonian, July 9, 1914.14. “…renamed the hotel, Hotel Leopold.” “Leopold Hotel (1224 Cornwall Avenue),”

http://www.cob.org/services/planning/historic/buildings/20-leopold-hotel.aspx, accessed May 14, 2015.15. “…formed Old German Lager Brewing Company.” American Brewers’ Review (April 1916): 135.16. “…the measure was passed by 18,632 votes.”

http://www.washingtonhistory.org/research/whc/milestones/aftersuffrage/prohibition.17. “The case was argued in May, 1915 but they eventually lost.” Wine and Spirit Bulletin (June 1915): 50.18. “…just in time for Prohibition to begin in Washington.” The Western Brewer (November 1915): 172.19. “…Surf Packing Company in Aberdeen.” Aberdeen Herald, March 2, 1915, 1.20. “The cannery burned in 1936.” “Almanac: Clamoring for Clams—Cook Inlet Clam Popularity Spans

History,” Redoubt Reporter, August 14, 2013.21. “…possess two quarts of liquor or twelve quarts of beer every twenty days.”

http://www.washingtonhistory.org/research/whc/milestones/aftersuffrage/prohibition.

22. “…amended in 1917 to make the state completely dry.” http://www.washingtonhistory.org/research/whc/milestones/aftersuffrage/prohibition.

23. “Seven people were killed by drinking wood alcohol.” American Brewers’ Review (July, 1916): 260.24. “Republic Brewing Company, not seeing any options, decided to close in mid-1916.” Brewers’ Journal

(June 1, 1916): 338.25. “The Roslyn Brewing Company announced they would manufacture near-beer.” Brewers’ Journal 40

(March 1, 1916): 211.26. “…by October 1915 they were brewing beer.” American Brewers’ Review (February, 1916): 51.27. “…dumped 12,000 quarts of beer in the water.” American Brewers’ Review (May, 1916): 171.28. “…filed a trademark application in May, 1915 for Fruju beverage.” Brewers’ Journal 40 (January 1, 1916):

138.29. “…Appleju (apple ‘champagne’) and Loju (a loganberry variation).” “Water to Beer: A Timeline of

Industry and Drinking,” http://www.cooperpointjournal.com/2014/02/14/water-to-beer-a-timeline-of-industry-and-drinking, accessed May 14, 2015.

30. “…old the brewery to a paper company.” Great American Beers, 95.31. “…William Koch was brewmaster.” Brewers’ Journal (September 1, 1917): 456.32. “Most would not reopen after Prohibition.” American Brewers’ Review (April, 1916): 165, 124.33. “…Spokane Brewing & Malting Company erected a new three-story brick storehouse.” American Brewers’

Review (May, 1916): 171.34. “…former partner in the Schaefer & Howard Brewery.” American Brewers’ Review (April, 1916): 131.35. “…Moyses was ‘recognized as a prominent factor in the business world of the Northwest and Alaska.’”

Brewers’ Journal 40 (June 1, 1916): 342.36. “He was president and treasurer of the brewery at the time of his death.” American Brewers’ Review (April,

1916): 13237. “With Prohibition approaching they recently constructed a new plant.” The Western Brewer (October

1916): 118.38. “They also joined his partner William Virges.” http://www.tacomaweekly.com/news/view/spirits-of-

tacoma-speak-at-living-history-cemetery-tours, accessed May 24, 2015.39. “Sold, Jr. was brewmaster and president.” Brewers’ Journal 40 (June 1, 1916): 337.40. “Groger’s wife Emma and son Casper also owned shares.” Clark v. Groger: Cases Determined in the

Supreme Court of Washington, vol. 102, 188–95.41. “After appeal it was reversed in 1918.” Ibid.42. “…took payroll deductions from the Crosby’s.” Bing Crosby: A Pocketful of Dreams—The Early Years,

1903–1940, 45.43. “drastically reduced salary.” Ibid., 51.44. “…Crosby’s salary was further reduced.” Ibid.45. “…spending $175,000 to erect a cold storage warehouse.” Ibid., 59.46. “…to certify its pickles were kosher.” Ibid., 60.47. “He quit after two weeks and never liked pickles after that.” Ibid., 87.48. “…Harry was bumped down to a shipping clerk.” Ibid., 60.49. “Columbia Brewing Company reorganized as Columbia Bottling Company.” Hidden History of Tacoma:

Little-Known Tales from the City of Destiny, 46.50. “…foreclosure proceedings against the Northern Brewing Company.” America’s Brewers’ Review (April

1917): 135.51. “Otto Birkmaier took over as brewmaster until his death in 1946.” Tacoma Public Library, Series C87485,

image #55, date circa 1937.52. “…enabling the Volstead Act.” http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/volstead-act, accessed

September 20, 2014.53. “…his veto was overridden by Congress on October 28, 1919.” http://history.house.gov/Historical-

Highlights/1901-1950/The-Volstead-Act, accessed September 20, 2014.54. “Pacific Brewing & Malting Company in Tacoma.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from

the City of Destiny, 46.55. “…Walla Walla Brewing Company formed Crystal Beverage Company.” The Western Brewer (September

1919): 92.56. “…Schade committed suicide because of illness and his brewery losing money.” “Former Spokane

Brewery Long on History, Potential Plans Call for Opening a New Brewery in Renovated Building,”

http://www.spokesman.com/stories/1997/oct/05/former-spokane-brewery-long-on-history-potential, accessed May 13, 2015.

57. “The company finally succumbed to the long drought of Prohibition and closed in 1923.” http://Pcad.lib.washington.edu/building/16261.

58. “…by 1924 they had to float a bond issue for $150,000 to stay operational.” http://courts.mrsc.org/mc/courts/zwashreports/196WashReport/196WashReport0667.htm.

59. “…he was said to be known as Legitimate Pete.” Bootleggers and Borders: The Paradox of Prohibition on a Canada-U.S. Borderland, 106.

60. “According to Dr. Lorraine McConaghy.” http://www.mohai.org/press-media/item/1588-acquisition-adventure-part-ii, accessed May 1, 2015.

61. “…brewers of near-beer brand Olympic Club Special.” Walla Walla City Directory, 1929.62. “Orange Kist soft drink.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the City of Destiny, 46.

The 1930s: Getting Back in the Brewing Game

1. “They also purchased the Pacific Brewing & Malting Company plant.” Memoir of Emil G. Sick, 88.2. “…purchased a former meat factory in Tacoma.” Tacoma Public Library, Richards Studio Collection,

Series C59415-1, image #1, date circa 1948.3. “…of which he was also for Northwest Brewing Company.” Walla Walla City Directory, 1929.4. “That application was granted on February 5, 1931.” Earle v. Froedtert Grain and Malting Co.,

http://wa.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19381214_0040024.wa.htm/qx, accessed June 3, 2015.

5. “The brewery was renamed Columbia Breweries, Inc.” Tacoma Public Library, Richards Studio Collection, Series 619, image #4, date circa 1932.

6. “Company president, Charles Theis, was earning $9,000 a year.” http://courts.mrsc.org/mc/courts/zwashreports/196WashReport/196WashReport0667.htm.

7. “…doubled its capacity to 200,000 barrels per year.” Zachary Wnek, “Schade Brewery,” Spokane Historical, accessed April 29, 2015, http://spokanehistorical.org/items/show/152.

8. “Associated owned seventy-five percent of the new concern.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 77.9. “…Emil Sick set up American Brewery Engineers, Inc.” Ibid., 80.10. “…put together a little syndicate.” Ibid., 83.11. “…they began brewing Rainier Beer.” Ibid., 88.12. “…to see if they were interested in selling.” Ibid., 89.13. “The Olympia Brewing Company was restarted in 1933.” Great American Beers, 95.14. “His company purchased $111,111 worth of stock.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 91.15. “They equipped the brewery with equipment from a brewery in Regina, Saskatchewan.” Ibid., 89–90.16. “…claimed to only use water from artesian wells.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 8817. “…John F. Pooler, manager.” Ellensburg City Directory, 1937.18. “…at one point their brewery was the tallest building in Kitsap county.”

http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/sustaining-kitsaps-brewery-boomas-the-craft-beer-field-gets-more-crowded-local-brewers-say-theyre_54891350, accessed July 18, 2015.

19. “…logging salesman R. Harry Fischnaller was president.” Seattle City Directories, 1933–34.20. “Henry Reifel was a German immigrant who.” Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada, 192.21. “…Reifel kept the other plant and the Hemrich Brewing Company name.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 93.22. “After this the Reifel’s were unable to return to Seattle to monitor their brewery.” Iced: The Story of

Organized Crime in Canada, 192.23. “…Salem, Oregon also saw similar action.” The CIO Challenge to the AFL: A History of the American

Labor Movement, 489.24. “On October 30, 1933 Northwest was barred from using the name and slogan.” Centralia Daily Chronicle,

October 30, 1933, 1.25. “…turned the whole Century Brewing Association over to the Teamsters.’” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 101.26. “If you take delivery on this Marinoff beer, you’ll be sorry!” Spokane Daily Chronicle, September 12,

1934, 2.27. “…Marinoff signed with the Teamsters’ Union.” The CIO Challenge to the AFL: A History of the

American Labor Movement, 489.28. “The board of Spokane declined, but not for too long.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 84.

29. “…in 1934, a group of businessmen started Great Western Malting in Vancouver.” http://greatwesternmalting.com/our-company/history, accessed May 18. 2015.

30. “…Seattle Cornice Works filed a claim for $20,795.73 for barrels sold to the brewery.” Pilsener Brewing Co. Weiffenbach v. Mclean et al., https://casetext.com/case/in-re-pilsener-brewing-co, accessed May 22, 2015.

31. “…we pretty much took out of thin air.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 92.32. “…Century’s early advertising touted this fact.” Ibid., 90.33. “…it was bought by Century Brewing Association.” Ibid., 95.34. “…in 1935 Olympia Brewing Company introduced the eleven ounce ‘stubby’ bottle to the west coast.”

“Water to Beer: A Timeline of Industry and Drinking,” http://www.cooperpointjournal.com/2014/02/14/water-to-beer-a-timeline-of-industry-and-drinking, accessed May 14, 2015.

35. “…when Sick offered him a job in Seattle, he took it.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 96.36. “The deal was good until July 1, 1940.” Ibid.37. “Rheinlander sales eventually declined until they discontinued the brand.” Ibid., 95.38. “…$11,000 less than the original deal of $50,000.” Ibid., 99.39. “They then began construction on a new $120,000 bottling shop.” Tacoma Public Library, Richards Studio

Collection, Series C87485, image #23, date circa 1935.40. “…Nina was vice-president.” Tacoma City Directory, 1936.41. “…expelled the Brewery Workers’ Union local from its membership.” The CIO Challenge to the AFL: A

History of the American Labor Movement, 489.42. “a Teamster picket was fatally wounded by an armed guard.” Ibid.43. “behind the action that resulted in the death.” Spokane Daily Chronicle, June 4, 1935, 3.44. “The verdict was later overturned in Washington State Supreme Court.” Bend (OR) Bulletin, May 11, 1981,

10.45. “…operated them as United Union Breweries, Inc.” The CIO Challenge to the AFL: A History of the

American Labor Movement, 489.46. “The Walla Walla plant reopened in April, 1937.” Spokesman-Review, April 9, 1937, 10.47. “An article written in Time magazine in 1957.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 103.48. “After a while personnel trouble in management began to affect the business.” Ibid., 84.49. “Elmer E. Hemrich (son of Alvin), president of the Surf Cannery.” Evening Record (Ellensburg), January

21, 1937, 9.50. “In 1937 Ellensburg Brewing Company ran into financial trouble.” Ellensburg Capital, September 24,

1937, 1.51. “…renamed the brewery Mutual Brewing Company.” Ellensburg City Directory, 1939.52. “Company president Charles Theis owned 1,266 shares, worth $202,560.”

http://courts.mrsc.org/mc/courts/zwashreports/196WashReport/196WashReport0667.htm.53. “It was later renamed Sicks’ Century Brewery.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 105–6.54. “Yakima Valley Brewing Company opened in 1938.” Brewed in the Pacific Northwest, 104.55. “…Seattle Brewing & Malting Company took over the Hemrich Brewing Company.” Memoirs of Emil G.

Sick, 94.

Chapter 5. From the 1940s to the 1970s: Juggling for Market Share

1. “At one point he offered them five million dollars.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 96.2. “On June 25, 1940 Seattle Brewing & Malting Company issued the first $200,000.” Ibid.3. “In 1940 Spokane Breweries, Inc. discontinued the Goetz Beer.” Ibid., 85.4. “Weinhard Lodge was in use until 1963.” “Weinhard History,” http://www.weinhard.com/weinhard-

history.htm, accessed April 30, 2015.5. “…on September 12 the deal was finalized.” “The History of the Arizona Brewing Company,”

http://www.a-1beerprints.com/HTML/A1%20Brewing%20Company.html.6. “…he should purchase it to increase Mutual’s beer supply for the Hanford Site.” Bryan v. Commissioner,

http://www.leagle.com/decision/195781816gctcm802_1634, accessed June 3, 2015.7. “…in 1946 was renamed Pioneer-Tacoma, Inc.” Ibid.8. “In 1944, the canning of beer in olive drab cans.” Buffalo Beer, 156.9. “The buildings were sold to a company to store frozen foods.” Ice and Refrigeration 107, no. 2, 62.

10. “After the war, sales declined at the Oregon plant and it was merged with Sicks’ Seattle Brewing & Malting Company.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 106, 129.

11. “Their seedless Sicks’ Select hops exceeded average production.” Ibid., 133–34.12. “There were often war bond drives.” Buffalo Beer, 158.13. “On April 23, 1947 Pioneer Brewing Company sold this property.” “History of 345 South Second Avenue,

Walla Walla,” http://ww2020.net/345-s-second, accessed May 30, 2015.14. “…were selling about 140,000 barrels per year.” Tacoma Public Library, Richards Studio Collection,

Series C87485, image #37, date circa 1949.15. “…they spent over $1,000,000.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 127.16. “In 1948 they used the former Hemrich Brewing Company.” Ibid., 128.17. “Bohemian Breweries, Inc. of Spokane.” Spokane Daily Chronicle, December 31, 1953, 1.18. “In 1944 Associated Breweries of Canada, Ltd.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 57.19. “…sold its interest to a new holding company, Washmont Corporation.” Ibid., 57.20. “They added a 20,000 square foot bottle shop.” Hidden History of Tacoma: Little-Known Tales from the

City of Destiny, 46.21. “Columbia also sponsored.” Tacoma Public Library, Richards Studio Collection, Series C87485, image

#27A, date circa 1952.22. “They brewed beer using artesian water.” Ibid., Series D76439, image #6, date July 20, 1953.23. “Pilsener was a light beer with a strong flavor of hops.” Ibid., Series D84148, image #3, date August 12,

1954.24. “Olympia Brewing Company in Tumwater.” “Water to Beer: A Timeline of Industry and Drinking,”

http://www.cooperpointjournal.com/2014/02/14/water-to-beer-a-timeline-of-industry-and-drinking, accessed May 14, 2015.

25. “They were issued between 1952 and 1964.” Rainier Brewing, 1933–1977, http://www.rustycans.com/HISTORY/rainier.html, accessed May 21, 2015.

26. “They employed 350 people and had an annual payroll of $1,750,000.” Tacoma Public Library, Richards Studio Collection, Series D84565, image #7, date August 18, 1954.

27. “Charles Theis, chairman of the board.” Spokane Daily Chronicle, December 31, 1953, 1.28. “Theis was worth about $250,000 in 1938.” Theis v. Theis,

http://courts.mrsc.org/mc/courts/zwashreports/196WashReport/196WashReport0667.htm.29. “…it was sold in 1956, along with a plant in Boise, Idaho, to Atlantic Brewing Company.” Chicago

Brewery Histories, http://home.comcast.net/~beerlabel/chic_files/Page1808.htm, accessed May 13, 2015.30. ““This method of operating marks a new departure in the conduct of the industry in the Northwest.”

Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 86.31. “Heidelberg Brewing Company in Tacoma.” Tacoma Public Library, Richards Studio Collection, Series

A85803, image #2, date October 18, 1954.32. “…the Century plant paid over one million dollars in profits.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 106.33. “In 1957 the parent corporation was renamed Sicks’ Rainier Brewing Company.” Ibid., 86.34. “…the former Schade brewery in Spokane was sold to Inland Metal.” Schade Brewery,

http://spokanehistorical.org/items/show/152, accessed May 13, 2015.

The 1960s to 1970s: Beer Wars

1. “…Anheuser-Busch sold 9.035 million barrels.” Advanced Management Accounting, 213.2. “In 1960, Great Western Malting in Vancouver and California Malting merged.”

http://greatwesternmalting.com/our-company/history, accessed May 18. 2015.3. “…sold the Bohemian Club Beer brand to Blitz-Weinhard Brewing Company.” Chicago Brewery

Histories, http://home.comcast.net/~beerlabel/chic_files/Page1808.htm, accessed May 13, 2015.4. “…they sold some of their properties, but kept the Vancouver site.” Great American Beers, 79.5. “The successful brewer is not a small figure in his community.” Memoirs of Emil G. Sick, 126.6. “…purchased back their original 1906 plant.” Great American Beers, 95.7. “In 1969 General Brewing Corporation was once again renamed.” Ibid., 78.8. “…Leopold F. ‘Rick’ Schmidt became the new president.” “Water to Beer: A Timeline of Industry and

Drinking,” http://www.cooperpointjournal.com/2014/02/14/water-to-beer-a-timeline-of-industry-and-drinking, accessed May 14, 2015.

9. “We were making very much the same beer as they made in 1896.” “Brewmaster Paul Knight Reflects on Olympia Beer History,” thurstontalk.com, accessed May 6, 2015.

10. “…purchased Theodore Hamm Brewing Company.” Advanced Management Accounting, 213.11. “…sold 5.574 million barrels of beer in 1975.” Ibid.12. “The case took two years and Olympia eventually won successive appeals.” John Lenore Company v.

Olympia Brewing Company, 550 F. 2d 495, accessed May 7, 2015.13. “the fight with old Hamm distributors cost millions of dollars.” Olympia Lore,

http://olyblog.net/book/export/html/1892, accessed May 7, 2015.14. “In 1975 General Brewing Inc. was acquired by Paul Kalmanovitz.” Great American Beers, 79.15. “…purchased Lone Star Brewing Company.” Advanced Management Accounting, 213.16. “…they sold 7.163 million barrels of beer in 1976.” Ibid.17. “They had to get bigger or get a lot smaller.” “Brewmaster Paul Knight Reflects on Olympia Beer History,”

thurstontalk.com, accessed May 6, 2015.18. “I won’t say how much Rainier Beer I drank over the years.” http://www.seattletimes.com/business/in-

person-terry-heckler-who-drew-starbucks-mermaid-cant-stop-sketching, accessed July 22, 2015.19. “Rooney will only accept $3,000.” Redhook, 39.

Chapter 6. The 1980s and 1990s: The Birth of Craft Beer

1. “Robert A. Schmidt, replaced him as company president.” Spokesman Review, February 22, 1980, 19.2. “Their total sales in 1980 was $391,974,000.” Advanced Management Accounting, 214.3. “The Artesians entered the popular culture locally.” “Olympia Beer: A Good Campaign Accelerates the

Death of a Brand,” http://web.archive.org/web/20121006094118/http://www.kelleyad.com/mktcasehist.htm, accessed May 14, 2015.

4. “But ultimately, the campaign failed.” Ibid.5. “…it became known as a bad light beer.” Ibid.6. “Both men were 86 years old at the time.” Bend (OR) Bulletin, May 11, 1981, 10.7. “…he filed papers to incorporate Yakima Brewing & Malting Company.” The Audacity of Hops, 84–85.8. “was one of the operations biggest.” Ibid.9. “the hoppiest beer in America.” Ibid.10. “…Pabst Brewing Company bought 49% of the outstanding shares of Olympia Brewing Company.”

Spokane Chronicle, July 6, 1982, 20.11. “…Pabst gifted the Schmidt House to the Olympia Tumwater Foundation.”

http://www.olytumfoundation.org/PDF/56_annv_newsletter.pdf, accessed July 18, 2015.12. “In 1983 they released a porter and in 1984 a IPA.” The Audacity of Hops, 101.13. “After discussing his idea for a brewery with friends, some invested in his vision.” Spokesman-Review,

February 26, 1985, F8.14. “…the first was Hale’s Pale American Ale.” The Audacity of Hops, 101.15. “My goal from the beginning was to brew the best beer I could possibly produce.” Spokesman-Review,

February 26, 1985, F8.16. “…So they hauled seventy percent of their kegs south to Spokane.” Spokesman-Review, March 18, 1991,

A6-A7.17. “…comparing Hale’s to mass-market beer was like comparing Monet to a starving artist.” Spokesman-

Review, February 26, 1985, F1.18. “Kufnerbrau Brewery opened at 112 North Lewis Street in Monroe.” Los Angeles Times, “Microbreweries

Become Toast of Northwest,” November 8, 1987.19. “…Pyramid Pale Ale, a precursor to what their future would hold.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc. History,”

http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pyramid-breweries-inc-history, accessed April 30, 2015.

20. “Will Kemper was ‘conducting experiments’ in his kitchen.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-news/if-a-beer-is-to-be-drunk-then-why-not-a-kitsap, accessed June 6, 2015.

21. “In January, 1985 they poured their first beer.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc. History,” http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pyramid-breweries-inc-history, accessed April 30, 2015.

22. “It was dismantled and the entire plant was shipped to Zhouging, China.” Great American Beers, 79.

23. ““Under Kalmanovitz and the new business model.” Olympia Lore, http://olyblog.net/book/export/html/1892, accessed May 7, 2015.

24. “…the Lucky brand beer was discontinued.” Great American Beers, 79.25. “…the first year-round wheat produced in America since Prohibition.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc. History,”

http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pyramid-breweries-inc-history, accessed April 30, 2015.

26. “…the brewpub in Yakima was producing 3,000 barrels of beer annually.” The Audacity of Hops, 128.27. “…he opened a second location in Kirkland.” Spokesman-Review, July 14, 1986, F1.28. “By 1989 they produced 4,305 barrels of beer.” Ibid., March 18, 1991, A7.29. “Spinnaker’s Brewpub from Victoria, British Columbia.” Spokane Chronicle, November 4, 1988, 12.30. “…they opened a second location in the University District.” Brewing in Seattle, 127.31. “Big Time Brewery opened on University Way.” http://www.beerandloafing.org/hbd/fetch.php?id=1728,

accessed May 26, 2015.32. “The brewery had a fourteen barrel brewhouse.” Seattle Brews, 57–58.33. “…Big Time had a 1,500 barrel per year capacity.” Beerme.com, accessed May 26, 2015.34. “…the brewery sold 935 barrels of beer in 1989.” http://www.beerandloafing.org/hbd/fetch.php?id=1728,

accessed May 26, 2015.35. “…four investors had permits to open a new brewery in Spokane.” Spokane Chronicle, June 28, 1988, A7.36. “…sold the brewery to five investors from Seattle.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc. History,”

http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pyramid-breweries-inc-history, accessed April 30, 2015.

37. “…Thomas Kemper Brewery held their first Oktoberfest.” Ibid.38. “…left the company in 1989 to start a brewery consulting business.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-

news/if-a-beer-is-to-be-drunk-then-why-not-a-kitsap, accessed June 6, 2015.39. “They featured cask-conditioned English-style ales.” “Different Strokes, Different Coasts,”

http://www.jackcurtin.com/liquiddiet/ambrew/eastwest.htm, accessed May 26, 2015.40. “Complaints of expensive beer.” http://www.beerandloafing.org/hbd/fetch.php?id=1728, accessed May 26,

2015.41. “…the first company to offer a range of Belgian beers.” http://www.pikebrewing.com/history.shtml,

accessed May 12, 2015.42. “…one of the eight beers he would take on a desert island.” http://www.pikebrewing.com/history.shtml,

accessed May 12, 2015.43. “…awarded the Brewers Association’s Russell Schehrer Award.”

http://www.brewerspublications.com/authors/fal-allen, accessed October 2, 2015.44. “kind of a way to make work that would allow us to live in the area.” Ellensburg Daily Record, February

20, 2003, 1.45. “…Roger Beardsley taught the new owners how to brew beer after the sale.”

http://www.dailyrecordnews.com/news/roslyn-brewery-changes-hands-not-ways/article_35017f82-7a0a-5217-a3ca-0fd887022c44.html, accessed July 1, 2015.

46. “They filed for chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1990.” http://www.beerandloafing.org/hbd/fetch.php?id=1728, accessed May 26, 2015.

47. “Hancock has seen some lean times.” http://kuow.org/post/ballard-brewery-district-thrives-balancing-cooperation-and-competition accessed June 23, 2015.

48. “…he started Seattle Brewing Company & Duwamps Cafe.” (Wilmington, NC) Star-News, “Beer Isn’t Just for Football Fans Anymore,” November 17, 1991, 6D.

49. “It was something that was creative, but I was able to be with her.” All About Beer Magazine, “The Men in the Big Rubber Boots,” http://allaboutbeer.com/article/the-men-in-the-big-rubber-boots, accessed May 26, 2015.

50. “…Dick found a job at Pike Place Brewery.” The Brewers Association’s Guide to Starting Your Own Brewery, 56.

51. “…sold an estimated 15,000 barrels of beer in 1989.” http://www.beerandloafing.org/hbd/fetch.php?id=1728, accessed May 26, 2015.

52. “…they took home a bronze medal at the Great American Beer Festival.” The Audacity of Hops, 209.53. “…in 1996 Heileman was purchased by Stroh Brewing Company.” Great American Beers, 127.54. “…They were producing 6,350 barrels per year.” Spokesman-Review, March 18, 1991, A7.

55. “…they formed the Thomas Kemper Soda Company.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc. History,” http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pyramid-breweries-inc-history, accessed April 30, 2015.

56. “At one point I was brewing every weekend and experimenting with recipes.” Eugene Register-Guard, June 29, 1992, 4C.

57. “In 1992 Scott Hansen started Leavenworth Brewery.” Ellensburg Daily Record, June 4, 2002, B1.58. “Coasters are glued or stapled all over the place.” http://beer.ryasrealm.com/winthropbrewing.htm,

accessed July 12, 2015.59. “In 1990 Hart Brewing Inc. brewed 9,300 barrels.” Steckman v. Hart Brewing,

http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th-circuit/1011667.html, accessed May 24, 2015.60. “…in 1992 they purchased Thomas Kemper Brewery.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc. History,”

http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pyramid-breweries-inc-history, accessed April 30, 2015.

61. “…Hart Brewing, Inc. opened a new 11,000 square foot brewery.” Ibid.62. “We did it as a complete novelty.” http://byo.com/hops/item/2001-breakfast-beers-bacon-beer, accessed

June 14, 2015.63. “…Jerry Ceis founded Seattle Brewers.” Brewing in Seattle, 127.64. “…Spinnaker’s Brewpub from British Columbia shut down both locations.” Ibid.65. “In 1993 they both released new products.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc. History,”

http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pyramid-breweries-inc-history, accessed April 30, 2015.

66. “I would like A-B to invest in Redhook so we’re partners.” Redhook, 176.67. “I was thinking that Anheuser-Busch should have a minority stake in Redhook.” Ibid., 177.68. “…I naively failed to look at all the possible consequences.” Ibid., 183.69. “…he opened Northern Lights Brewing Company in Airway Heights.”

http://www.spokane7.com/blog/2015/apr/14/no-lis-irvin-moving, accessed June 9, 2015.70. “In 2002 they moved to a location on the Spokane River.” Company website.71. “The brewery would become known.” http://grist.org/article/horton-fishbrewingcompany/full, accessed

June 7, 2015.72. “I’ve lived here all my life.” http://www.columbian.com/news/2011/jul/16/somethings-brewing-in-

vancouver-beer-making-scene, accessed June 29, 2015.73. “…Dick hired Bill Jenkins.” http://nwbeerguide.tumblr.com/post/69226186145/anniversary-preview-wa-

12-7-25-years-celebrating, accessed May 27, 2015.74. “They hand built a new brew system.” http://www.macandjacks.com/about.php, accessed June 28, 2015.75. “African Amber Ale is their flagship.” http://www.redmond-reporter.com/business/39891748.html,

accessed June 27, 2015.76. “Neither of us had ever brewed beer before.” The Columbian (July 16, 2011).77. “…he used one of his uncle’s recipes for their first beer.”

http://www.craftbeer.com/featured-brewery/rockfish-grill-anacortes-brewery.78. “He built a brewery adjacent to the deli.” Company website.79. “He brewed a different selection of beers.” “The Session #42: A Special Place, a Special Beer,”

http://www.thebrewsite.com/the-session-42-a-special-place-a-special-beer, accessed May 24, 2015.80. “The whole industry looks to the Northwest.” Seattle Times, September 10, 1995.81. “The golden age is passing.” Ibid.82. “In 1996 Pike Brewing Company won three gold medals.” http://www.pikebrewing.com/history.shtml,

accessed May 12, 2015.83. “For the first three quarters of 1995 capacity was 152,300.” Steckman v. Hart Brewing,

http://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-9th-circuit/1011667.html, accessed May 24, 2015.84. “Not long after, sales declined.” Ibid.85. “Kelly Taylor started homebrewing in his dorm in 1989.” http://drinks.seriouseats.com/2010/02/a-pint-

with-kelly-taylor-brewmaster-for-heart.html, accessed June 6, 2015.86. “He has a homemade mash-lauter tun.” http://archive.maltosefalcons.com/old_site/news/9612marz.htm,

accessed June 6, 2015.87. “…they offered 98,000 share of stock.”

http://www.thefreelibrary.com/GLACIER+PEAK+BREWING+COMPANY+OFFERS+COMMON+STOCK-a015917362, accessed June 7, 2015.

88. “…in brewery design and procedures.” http://nwbnonline.brewingnews.com/display_article.php?id=746728, accessed June 7, 2015.

89. “…Charles Sullivan was named executive director.” http://seattlebeernews.com/2014/01/washington-brewers-guild-hires-executive-director, accessed July 1, 2015.

90. “…their first brewpub and allow three times the production capacity.” Spokesman-Review, January 4, 1995, F3.

91. “…Dusty Trail purchased the business and converted it.” http://www.northwestmilitary.com/restaurants/served-in-the-south-sound/2014/03/Engine-House-No-9-to-change-Tacoma-Brew-recipe, accessed June 29, 2015.

92. “Tacoma was a serious brewing town.” http://blog.thenewstribune.com/tntdiner/2007/11/29/seasons-drinkings, accessed June 29, 2015.

93. “Some of these beers were hit or miss.” http://beer.ryasrealm.com/sweetwaterbrewing.htm, accessed July 12, 2015.

94. “…Lloyd Zimmerman started Whatcom Brewery Incorporated.” http://www.lchr.org/a/25/id/2001/92001news.html, accessed July 12, 2015.

95. “…Maggie’s Pub opened, serving craft beer.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/brewery-ferndale-closes-pub-opens-its-place, accessed July 12, 2015.

96. “The company was founded by James Bernau.” “Nor’wester Brewing’s Debts Force It to Close,” http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19970915&slug=2560616, accessed May 24, 2015.

97. “…Marcie and Tom Kretzler purchased the company.” http://www.theheraldbusinessjournal.com/article/20141203/BIZ/141209993, accessed September 21, 2015.

98. “In late 1988 he resigned from Redhook.” Redhook, 137.99. “The business, with full restaurant.” “Alpine Brewing,”

http://nwbnonline.brewingnews.com/publication/index.php?i=35434&m=&l=&p=15&pre=&ver=swf, accessed June 13, 2015.

100.“…Arlen Harris continued in the brewhouse.” http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20020501&slug=taste01, accessed July 19, 2015.

101.“…Harris became head brewer at Issaquah Brewhouse.” http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2006/12/18/story15.html, accessed July 19, 2015.

102.“On August 17, 1995, Redhook Ale Brewery went public.” Redhook, 186–89.103.“In 1995 he and Donal McKenzie started Orchard Street Brewery.”

http://www.seattledining.com/Archive/history/christian_krogstad.aspx, accessed June 30, 2015.104.“Neighbors said they suddenly left the property.” Bellingham Business Journal, “Orchard St. Brewery

Closed; Owners Sued for Back Rent” (July 1, 2004).105.“…by 1997 they self-distributed 200 barrels.” http://www.realbeer.com/nmvbp/eastwash.htm, accessed

July 17, 2015.106.“In 1996 it produced 2.4 million barrels.” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, November 26, 1996, 2D.107.“The Thomas Kemper brands were still marketed under their own name.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc.

History,” http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pyramid-breweries-inc-history, accessed April 30, 2015.

108.“In 2008 Spencer was challenged to recreate DeLuxe Beer.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-news/if-a-beer-is-to-be-drunk-then-why-not-a-kitsap, accessed June 6, 2015.

109.“He personally distributed to bars.” Company website.110.“You plant some seeds.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-news/if-a-beer-is-to-be-drunk-then-why-

not-a-kitsap, accessed June 6, 2015.111.“The brewery is named after Cynthia.” Company website.112.“To save money they closed the original Kalama brewery.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc. History,”

http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/pyramid-breweries-inc-history, accessed April 30, 2015.

113.“We have the ability to start producing about 6,000 barrels.” http://www.ptleader.com/news/business/from-the-inside-out-port-townsend-brewing-company-expands/article_3bd4e69e-f955-11e2-8492-001a4bcf6878.html, accessed July 2, 2015.

114.“…by 2001 they were capturing tap handles in Spokane.” Spokesman-Review, April 20, 2001, 7.115.“In February 2005 Kimo remodeled the restaurant.” http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/mobile/news/story?

id=5499334, accessed July 2, 2015.

116.“…buying Valley Processing fruit processing company.” http://www.bestapples.com/growers/genebliesner.aspx, accessed July 1, 2015.

117.“They were brewing up to a 1,000 barrels per year by 2009.” http://brewpublic.com/brewpubs/snipesmountainchrismiller, accessed July 2, 2015.

118.“In 2013 partner Dave Eiffert took over.” Company website.119.“Eric Jorgensen has been head brewer since 2000.” Company website.120.“They upgraded to a ten barrel system.” Northwest Brewing News (December 2010/January 2011): 16.121.“…the Harmon Brewing Company became the first craft brewery in Tacoma.”

http://odomcorp.com/store/products/harmon-brewing-company, accessed June 29, 2015.122.“By 2013 they were producing 3,000 barrels of beer per year.”

http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/washingtons-22-breweries, accessed June 29, 2015.123.“They opened a second location in Burien.”

http://www.seattledining.com/Archive/restaurants/wa_westside/elliott_bay_brewing_co_2007.aspx, accessed June 29, 2015.

124.“…they were brewing 375 barrels per year.” Spokesman-Review, October 12, 1994, 3.125.“…it closed in early November, 2001.” http://www.ssssclub.com/a/ltdavvav.htm, accessed July 19, 2015.126.“Pacific Northwest Brewing Company in Seattle.” Brewing in Seattle, 127.127.“…white tents were erected in the area.” http://beermapping.com/maps/reviews/reviews.php?locid=979,

accessed June 9, 2015.128.“Many people had no idea what a brewpub was.”

http://www.tri-cityherald.com/2012/02/11/1822013/richlands-atomic-ale-turning-15.html. accessed June 5, 2015.

129.“…eclectic group of brewers over the years.” Company website.130.“It went from a hobby to a full-time baby dinosaur.”

http://www.spokesman.com/stories/1997/oct/15/brewing-at-a-glacial-pace, accessed July 17, 2015.131.“The term ‘Triple Mash’ was trademarked.” http://www.realbeer.com/nmvbp/eastwash.htm, accessed July

17, 2015.132.“They sold the brewery.” http://www.pikebrewing.com/history.shtml, accessed May 12, 2015.133.“In 1997 Bill Jenkins left Big Time Brewery.”

http://nwbeerguide.tumblr.com/post/69226186145/anniversary-preview-wa-12-7-25-years-celebrating, accessed May 27, 2015.

134.“In July, 1999 Madsen moved on to Boundary Bay Brewery.” http://archive.brewingnews.com/publication/index.php?i=91642&m=&l=&p=15&pre=, accessed June 15, 2015.

135.“Brewing as Aviator Ales.” “Aviator Ales Investment Takes a Nosedive,” http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/1997/08/04/tidbits.html?page=all, accessed May 24, 2015.

136.“…my enthusiasm for the business was waning.” http://grist.org/article/horton-fishbrewingcompany/full, accessed June 7, 2015.

137.“…Fish Brewing Company released their first Certified Organic beer.” Facebook or company website.138.“I discovered that the beer I was brewing at home.” http://methowmade.com/methow-brewing-company,

accessed July 12, 2015.139.“The town reminds me of wild west ghost towns.” http://beer.ryasrealm.com/methowvalleybrewing.htm,

accessed July 12, 2015.140.“In 1998 Larry Pratt bought out his partner.” The Columbian (July 16, 2011).141.“We’re starting to see more regulars.” “Brewpubs Tap Hot Market,”

http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2000/06/26/story4.html?page=all, accessed May 27, 2015.142.“…started Lost Falls Brewing Company in August 1998.” Spokesman-Review, June 11, 1999, B3.143.“Helderman attended the auction of Aviator Ales.” “Brewpubs Tap Hot Market,”

http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2000/06/26/story4.html?page=all, accessed May 27, 2015.144.“Scott Dietrich was the brewmaster.” http://caselaw.findlaw.com/wa-court-of-appeals/1245099.html,

accessed July 18, 2015.145.“We didn’t know three boilers could become dining rooms.”

http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2011/oct/30/lofty-aspirations, accessed July 3, 2015.146.“Their sons Spencer and Gage Stromberg.” http://rivercityred.blogspot.com/2013/04/meet-brewery-owner-

edition.html, accessed July 3, 2015.

147.“If this place is successful, we’ll open a second and a third.” “Brewpubs Tap Hot Market,” http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2000/06/26/story4.html?page=all, accessed May 27, 2015.

148.“…Pabst contracted with Miller Brewing Company.” Great American Beers, 97.149.“…incredibly knowledgeable about brewing.” http://blog.seattlepi.com/thepourfool/2009/12/02/brian-

sollenberger-a-beers-best-friend-is-gone, accessed June 29, 2015.150.“Ted Farmer started Heads Up Brewing Company.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/business/saturday-the-final-

day-at-heads-up-brewing-co, accessed July 15, 2015.151.“Seattle was also growing in brewing dominance.” “Brewpubs Tap Hot Market,”

http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2000/06/26/story4.html?page=all, accessed May 27, 2015.

Chapter 7. 2000–2003: A New Century

1. “Traubeck brews true German-style beers.” “Alpine Brewing,” http://nwbnonline.brewingnews.com/publication/index.php?i=35434&m=&l=&p=15&pre=&ver=swf, accessed June 13, 2015.

2. “Although brewing 3,300 barrels.” http://beerme.com/brewery.php?382, accessed May 24, 2015.3. “…closed the doors on December 30, 2000.” “The Session #42: A Special Place, a Special Beer,”

http://www.thebrewsite.com/the-session-42-a-special-place-a-special-beer, accessed May 24, 2015.4. “I found out you could make your own beer and make it cheaply.”

http://www.columbian.com/news/2010/may/31/brew-fans-walking-man-stevenson-brewpub-finishes-h, accessed July 3, 2015.

5. “…in April, 2013, James Landers.” http://brewpublic.com/oregon-beer/former-walking-man-and-widmer-brewer-jacob-leonard-joins-breakside-brewery, accessed July 3, 2015.

6. “Hansen became vice-president of Fish Brewing Company.” Ellensburg Daily Record, June 4, 2002, B1.7. “…they closed their doors in February, 2001.”

http://www.inlander.com/spokane/farewell-fort-spokane/Content?oid=2173201, accessed July 19, 2015.8. “…moved into the larger location, adding a restaurant.” http://www.spokane7.com/blog/2015/apr/14/no-lis-

irvin-moving, accessed June 9, 2015.9. “…the brewery outgrew its original building and expanded.” Company website.10. “Maple Valley Brewing opened around the beginning of June 2003.”

http://celebrator.com/200304/puget.html, accessed July 17, 2015.11. “…in late 2005, Loring bought and dismantled the brewery.”

http://www.seattleweekly.com/2006-05-17/food/brewin-in-the-burbs, accessed July 17, 2015.12. “The original whistle is now at the Tumwater Valley Golf Course.” The Olympian, “After 10 Years,

Olympia Brewery Site Still Sits Silent,” June 19, 2013, accessed May 8, 2015.13. “…had a deed restriction put on the property.” News Tribune, “Former Olympia Brewery Property About

to Be Sold,” November 18, 2014.14. “He used a three and half barrel system.” http://brewpublic.com/places-to-drink-beer/when-in-walla-walla-

part-2, accessed April 30, 2015.15. “In 2003 Big Time Brewery in Seattle.” http://nwbeerguide.tumblr.com/post/69226186145/anniversary-

preview-wa-12-7-25-years-celebrating, accessed May 27, 2015.16. “I felt soured about the whole thing.” http://www.seattlemet.com/articles/2012/11/28/mannys-mannys-

everywhere-december-2012, accessed June 16, 2015.17. “People would try it, and you’d watch their eyes.” Ibid.18. “On February 27, 2003 Georgetown Brewing Company was open for business.” Ibid.19. “It strengthened our resolve to make it a better business.”

http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2003/12/22/smallb1.html, accessed July 18, 2015.20. “Elysian gave notice they were leaving.” Ibid.21. “Total barrels produced rose from 2,500 in 2002.” Ibid.

Brewery Chains: McMenamins, The Ram, Gordon Biersch, Rock Bottom

1. “In 2014, as a reward to their employees.” http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2014/12/ram-restaurant-and-brewery-surprises-employees.html, accessed June 30, 2015.

2. “Chain and empire are two of the worst ones, I think.” http://www.seattlemet.com/articles/2014/1/2/the-mcmenamin-experience-january-2014, accessed June 30, 2015.

3. “Kyle Jungck is brewer for the latter three.” http://andersonschoolproperties.com/about-mcmenamins.html, accessed June 30, 2015.

4. “There are two locations in Washington.” Company website.

Chapter 8. 2004–2010

1. “The building had once been known as the Town Tavern.” http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20100622/news/306229993/port-townsend-brewpub-to-turn-taps-off-close-doors-friday, accessed June 19, 2015.

2. “We want people to know when they walk through the door that this is a brewery.” http://www.ptleader.com/news/business/bartending-friends-toast-opening-of-water-street-brew-house/article_2d87f6f3-0c3d-53d1-9d1d-f46941bb9b92.html?mode=jqm, accessed June 19, 2015.

3. “In April, 2004 Pyramid Breweries, Inc. purchased Portland Brewing Company.” http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/stories/2004/08/02/daily15.html, accessed July 24, 2015.

4. “The place was rather barren and cold.” http://www.courierherald.com/community/250896781.html, accessed July 17, 2015.

5. “…there are booths, a long, beautiful, polished wood table.” Ibid.6. “King looked north and found a location in Washougal.” Facebook or company website.7. “…in 2006 they replaced their original fifteen-barrel brewing system.” Facebook or company website.8. “As of 2015 the beer is the number one selling.” Company website.9. “They continued to win awards for their beers.” http://www.pikebrewing.com/history.shtml, accessed May

12, 2015.10. “The Flying Pig Food and Beverage Company.”

http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20070918/BIZ/709180014, accessed June 7, 2015.11. “…sold the business in September, 2007.” Ibid.12. “…went out of business in early 2011.”

http://www.theheraldbusinessjournal.com/article/20110119/BIZ/701199951, accessed June 7, 2015.13. “He installed a ten barrel brewhouse and had a small pub.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/brewery-

profile-ellersick-brewing-pub, accessed June 16, 2015.14. “I just really fell in love with the beer part of it.”

http://www.whidbeynewstimes.com/business/255413331.html, accessed June 26, 2015.15. “In April, 2006 they had their brewery up and running.”

http://www.whidbeynewstimes.com/news/22832729.html, accessed July 3, 2015.16. “…they began contract brewing with Skagit River Brewery.” http://seattlebeernews.com/2010/10/5-

questions-with-tony-savoy-of-flyers-brewery, accessed June 16, 2015.17. “…in 2015 they closed their Washington location.” Company website.18. “…starting Cashmere Brewing Company in Cashmere.” https://www.baderbrewing.com/content/replicator-

october-2006, accessed June 13, 2015.19. “Nestor then asked to have his liquor license revoked.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/follow-up-

happened-cashmere-brewing, accessed June 13, 2015.20. “Draft Magazine has named Finkel one of the ten beer innovators.”

http://www.pikebrewing.com/history.shtml, accessed May 12, 2015.21. “They sold their Thomas Kemper Soda Company in January, 2007.” “Pyramid Breweries Sells Off Thomas

Kemper Soda,” http://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/Pyramid-Breweries-sells-off-Thomas-Kemper-Soda-1224192.php, accessed May 24, 2015.

22. “…fighting with the landlord and the dance studio.” Twitter.com/speedwaybrewing, accessed June 7, 2015.23. “…in March, 2006 he and his father-in-law, Mike Scanlon, opened Lazy Boy Brewing.” Interview with

author.24. “The Washington Beer Commission was the first commodity commission.” www.washingtonbeer.com.

25. “…by April, 2008 they went from thirty barrels per month to 150 barrels.” http://www.seattletimes.com/business/local-business/laughing-buddha-brewing-thrives-on-asian-flavors, accessed June 8, 2015.

26. “…they changed their brewery name to Trade Route Brewing Company.” https://fueledbybeer.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/connecting-the-dots-baron-brewing-pillagers-pub-three-skulls-ales-northwest-brewing, accessed May 27, 2015.

27. “Scott taught me my brewery work ethic.” http://seattlebeernews.com/2011/02/nwbn-mugshots-profile-on-chris-miller, accessed June 8, 2015.

28. “…purchased Pacific Rim Brewing in July, 2008.” http://www.seattleweekly.com/2008-03-19/news/even-in-a-craft-beer-mecca-like-seattle-microbrewers-are-struggling, accessed June 7, 2015.

29. “…produced recipes from award winning homebrewers.” http://www.seattleweekly.com/voracious/2009/10/winners_of_our_inaugural_homeb.php, accessed June 8, 2015.

30. “…The brewery is named for the first ship of non-indigenous settlers.” Company website.31. “We’re trying to line up some open-market hops for this month.”

http://m.spokesman.com/stories/2008/jan/09/trouble-brewing-price-of-hops-hits-home, accessed July 5, 2015.

32. “…they moved the brewhouse and started brewing on April 1, 2007.” Company website.33. “The brewery opened in a former World War II Airforce barrack.” http://brewpublic.com/places-to-drink-

beer/when-in-walla-walla-part-1, accessed April 30, 2015.34. “By 2012 sales were 4,500 barrels per year and growing.”

http://www.mlive.com/business/west-michigan/index.ssf/2013/07/two_beer_vandenbrink.html, accessed July 3, 2015.

35. “In February, 2009 Beer Advocate Magazine, rated their IPA A+.” Company Facebook page or website.36. “Their production-only brewery opened in 2011.” Company website.37. “…that’s all (the beer community) needs is another IPA. But they all sell!”

http://brewpublic.com/brewpubs/a-gorge-ous-new-brewpub, accessed July 3, 2015.38. “It’s an easy drinking lager that we’re really proud of.” http://thefullpint.com/beer-news/everybodys-

brewing-announces-new-local-logger-lager, accessed July 3, 2015.39. “Webb worked at Stix Pizza & Brewing Company in Seattle and Lazy Boy Brewing Company.”

https://nakedcitybrewing.com/culture/brewers, accessed July 3, 2015.40. “…they invited Bryan Miller to join them in the business.” Company website.41. “It took us a year to get our feet under us, working 12- to 16-hour days.”

http://methowvalleynews.com/2015/03/06/ruuds-seek-new-owners-for-old-schoolhouse-brewery, accessed July 12, 2015.

42. “It is too early to determine how many barrels.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2009/dec/20/micromanagers, accessed July 16, 2015.

43. “On December 22, 2012 they closed their doors.” http://www.beervanabuzz.com/2012/12/palouse-fall-brewing-to-close-future.html, accessed July 16, 2015.

44. “…Brian Sollenberger died suddenly after an accident at his home.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/brian-sollenberger-dies-unexpectedly, accessed June 6, 2015.

45. “…Pyramid Breweries, Inc. agreed to be bought by Magic Hat Brewing Company.” “Pyramid Breweries Inc. Agrees to Be Taken Over,” http://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/Pyramid-Breweries-Inc-agrees-to-be-taken-over-1271899.php, accessed May 24, 2015.

46. “In 2012 NAB was sold to Cerveceria Costa Rica.” https://www.mainstreet.com/article/5-craft-beer-brewers-who-have-lost-their-craft-privileges/page/5, accessed July 23, 2015.

47. “In July, 2009 they finally opened their doors.” Company Facebook page or website.48. “That distinguishes us in certain ways.” http://www.bainbridgereview.com/business/28100634.html,

accessed June 13, 2015.49. “In December 2015 they purchased an 80,000 square foot building.”

http://www.thenewstribune.com/entertainment/restaurants/tnt-diner/article51135155.html.

50. “Every year since then, their production has about quadrupled.” Company Facebook page or website.51. “In early October, 2009 they opened a new brewery.”

http://www.auburn-reporter.com/business/63713967.html, accessed May 27, 2015.52. “To be successful at business.” http://beerandbrewing.com/VLWPlSkAAMNZoUGA/article/turning-a-

passion-into-a-career, accessed June 9, 2015.53. “…realized that I really wanted to get into the brewing industry.”

http://eclecticartswa.blogspot.com/2015/01/a-boy-and-bird-aka-fat-man-and-raven.html, accessed July 4, 2015.

54. “It’s been a transition for me.” http://eclecticartswa.blogspot.com/2015/01/a-boy-and-bird-aka-fat-man-and-raven.html, accessed July 4, 2015.

55. “He installed a larger brew system in the brewery.” http://www.tricitiesbusinessnews.com/2013/06/prossers-horse-heaven-brewery-expanding-its-brand, accessed July 4, 2015.

56. “Because of their size, distribution is limited.” Company Facebook page or website.57. “It was a bit daunting, stepping in as a brewmaster.”

http://www.zoominfo.com/p/Adam-Orrick/1424345113, accessed July 4, 2015.58. “Grove Street closed its doors in December, 2013.” http://www.smalltownnews.com/article.php?

catname=Business&pub=Shelton-Mason%20County%20Journal&aid=170574, accessed September 4, 2015.

59. “We will be environmentally friendly.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/aniversary-post-when-fremont-brewing-was-cardboard-box, accessed July 5, 2015.

60. “Their head brewer, Matt Lincoln, came from Goose Island Brewing.” http://fremontbrewing.blogspot.com.

61. “I’d like to expand slowly over time.” http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20100504/NEWS/305049989, accessed July 4, 2015.

62. “Lee brought former Seattle Gordon Biersch Brewery Restaurant brewmaster.” http://seattlebeernews.com/2009/10/odin-brewing-getting-ready-to-set-sail, accessed July 4, 2015.

63. “We have become a victim of our own success.” http://seattlebeernews.com/2014/06/odin-brewing-relocating-expanding-to-facility-in-tukwila, accessed July 4, 2015.

64. “They opened a tasting room in 2009.” Company website.65. “People think it has to be an ale to be full-flavored.” http://www.inlander.com/spokane/same-beer-new-

name/Content?oid=2189231, accessed July 4, 2015.66. “He used authentic English malt and hops to create true-to-style beers.” Company website and personal

interview with author.67. “West Highland Brewing was started by Don Stewart and Sam Simms.” Company Facebook page or

website.68. “Quality starts to wane past that point.” http://www.southwhidbeyrecord.com/business/82948827.html,

accessed July 5, 2015.69. “…became a partner in the same business when it was changed.”

http://www.bendbulletin.com/business/3008197-151/craft-taking-over-brew-werks#, accessed July 5, 2015.70. “In October, 2012 they upgraded to a ten barrel brewhouse.” Company Facebook page or website.71. “The name Der Blokken is a made-up Dutch word for black.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-

news/pub-and-eatery-brewing-in-bremertons-manette, accessed July 5, 2015.72. “In late June, 2010 they were evicted and closed their doors.”

http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20100622/news/306229993/port-townsend-brewpub-to-turn-taps-off-close-doors-friday, accessed June 20, 2015.

73. “In 2003 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.” http://www.beervanabuzz.com/2012/10/paradise-creek-brewing-transcends-good.html, accessed July 5, 2015.

74. “His beers used flavors.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/business/beers-145in-the-air-in-poulsbo, accessed June 16, 2015.

75. “I brewed my first batch of beer in my college apartment.” http://allaboutbeer.com/rick-hewitt, accessed July 2, 2015.

76. “I’m going to be the first one to make beer there in a decade.” http://blog.seattlepi.com/washingtonbeerblog/2010/05/10/new-seattle-brewery-opening-at-the-old-rainier-brewery, accessed July 2, 2015.

77. “He opened Barhop Brewing in Port Angeles in 2010.” Company Facebook page or website.78. “All of his beers are named after a peak.” Company Facebook page or website.79. “…to create beer with character for people with taste.” Company Facebook page or website.80. “By 2015 they had four different beers available.” http://www.tri-cityherald.com/2012/09/05/2087056_tri-

cities-honey-brings-sweet.html?rh=1, accessed July 12, 2015 and interview with author.81. “He planned to started bottling and selling to retail outlets.” http://tdn.com/news/local/parker-s-set-for-new-

start-in-castle-rock/article_df94ffc4-ab92-11e1-8870-001a4bcf887a.html, accessed July 19, 2015.82. “Marv was the first brewer, brewing test batches.” http://www.beervanabuzz.com/2012/09/riverport-

brewing-builds-momentum-in.html, accessed July 17, 2015.83. “…Washington will have the second most breweries in the country.”

https://www.brewersassociation.org/statistics/by-state, accessed July 5, 2015.

Chapter 9. 2011–2012

1. “It’s not the best ambiance for the public.” http://www.phinneywood.com/2011/06/02/lantern-brewing-newest-microbrewery-in-the-neighborhood, accessed July 5, 2015.

2. “American Brewing Company opened in January, 2011.” Company Facebook page or website.3. “After the offering was made in 2014 they sold almost $1 million.”

http://seekingalpha.com/article/2578865-special-situation-new-ipo-crashes-90-percent-out-of-the-gate-on-unexpected-dump, accessed June 5, 2015.

4. “We needed a bigger brewing system and it won’t fit here (at the farm).” http://www.northkitsapherald.com/business/259428331.html, accessed July 15, 2015.

5. “We want to go down to Olympia, up to Bellingham, and beyond.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/business/beers-145in-the-air-in-poulsbo, accessed June 16, 2015.

6. “I’m going back to being a regular homebrewer.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/wa-loses-brewery-battenkill-calling-quits, accessed July 15, 2015.

7. “…Adams Northwest Bistro and Brewery.” Company Facebook page or website.8. “It brewed more than 90 barrels that first year.” Company Facebook page or website.9. “They constructed a brand new Bavarian-themed building.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/icicle-

brewing-opens-its-doors-leavenworth, accessed July 5, 2015.10. http://seattlebeernews.com/2010/11/sound-brewery-prepares-to-liberate-tradition-in-poulsbo, accessed July

5, 2015.11. “Much of the large old lumber was reclaimed.” “Heidelberg Brewery Leaves Lumber Legacy,”

http://crossroadslumber.com/heidelberg-brewery, accessed May 13, 2015.12. “In January, 2010 Budge Brothers Brewery.” Company Facebook page or website.13. “He took over for his brother-in-law Bill Jenkins.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/drew-cluley-

leaving-pike-brewing, accessed May 27, 2015.14. “Smiley moved the brewery to Chehalis.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/baron-brewing-moving-

out-of-town, accessed May 27, 2015.15. “He was able to sell his pirate-themed Three Skulls Ales.”

https://fueledbybeer.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/connecting-the-dots-baron-brewing-pillagers-pub-three-skulls-ales-northwest-brewing, accessed May 27, 2015.

16. “…with local water without amendments.” Company Facebook page or website.17. “The long process was completed in January, 2013.” https://squareup.com/market/wet-head-brewery,

accessed June 2, 2015.18. “I thought it was interesting to have a recipe based on a real Tacoma institution.”

http://www.northwestmilitary.com/restaurants/served-in-the-south-sound/2014/03/Engine-House-No-9-to-change-Tacoma-Brew-recipe, accessed June 29, 2015.

19. “We’ve been brewing beer for a long time.” Company website and personal interview.

20. “In July, 2011 he opened Columbia Valley Brewing.” http://blog.seattlepi.com/thepourfool/2011/07/12/columbia-valley-brewing-a-finer-shade-of-pale, accessed June 13, 2015.

21. “It’s just been flying off the shelves.” http://www.bizjournals.com/seattle/blog/2014/01/seahawks-business-wins-hilliards-beer.html, accessed July 5, 2015.

22. “In 2014 he opened a new fifteen barrel brewery in Portland.” http://brewpublic.com/oregon-beer/mt-tabor-brewing-to-open-another-larger-brewery-in-portland-oregon, accessed July 5, 2015.

23. “Frank Cooper started New School Brewing in Richland.” Company website or Facebook page.24. “Billy and Emily Burt started a new Republic Brewing.” Company website or Facebook page.25. “In 2011 they produced 9,782 barrels.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_breweries_in_Washington,

accessed July 18, 2015.26. “…its’ fun playing with and finding out what people like.”

http://www.ifiberone.com/news/grantcounty/moseslake/st-brigid-s-brewery-gaining-ground-in-moses-lake/youtube_9167c708-1caa-11e2-a547-0019bb30f31a.html, accessed July 5, 2015.

27. “…they reopened as St. Helens Tap House & Grill.” http://www.hometowndebate.com/toledo-brewers-open-restaurant-for-families-cms-287, accessed July 5, 2015.

28. “We are definitely going to brew the beers we like.” http://www.hoppytrailsbeernews.com/bbtalk/adventures/trplhrn, accessed July 5, 2015.

29. “I was so busy making beer, I had no time to serve it.” http://seattlebeernews.com/2012/10/twelve-bar-brews-celebrates-first-anniversary, accessed July 5, 2015.

30. “…After approaching five banks and fifteen investors.” http://patch.com/washington/bonneylake-sumner/bp—meet-duo-brewing-of-puyallup, accessed July 6, 2015.

31. “To me there’s something magical about brewing beer.” http://www.vashonbeachcomber.com/news/130218273.html#, accessed July 5, 2015.

32. “Mark Holland and brewer Nick Kannarr started Vital Brewing.” Company website or Facebook page.33. “…visiting many other craft breweries and seeing what worked and what didn’t.” Company website or

Facebook page.

2012

1. “On January 13, 2012 they opened Urban Family Public House.” http://seattle.eater.com/2012/1/17/6621805/urban-family-public-house-now-open#4274452, accessed July 7, 2015.

2. “…they were shutting down the brewery and moving it.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/ballard-beer-news-one-brewery-moving-away-one-opening, accessed July 7, 2015.

3. “A public hearing was held.” http://www.newschoolbeer.com/2014/08/help-save-acadian-farms-brewery.html, accessed June 6, 2015.

4. “…they decided not to reopen in 2015.” http://www.newschoolbeer.com/2015/02/r-p-acadian-farms-brewery-closed.html, accessed June 6, 2015.

5. “We brew Seattle-quality beer.” https://sites.google.com/site/rainycityales, accessed July 12, 2015.6. “He built the brewery.” http://koin.com/2013/08/02/garage-duos-heathen-brewing-wins-awards, accessed

July 8, 2015.7. “By February or early 2012, I’ll be going full bore.” The Columbian (July 16, 2011).8. “All his beers are named after Puyallup or Mount Rainier landmarks.”

http://blog.thenewstribune.com/tntdiner/2012/03/27/coming-soon-to-stores-puyallup-river-brewing, accessed July 5, 2015.

9. “Business grew until February, 2013.” http://blog.thenewstribune.com/tntdiner/2013/02/06/puyallup-river-alehouse-opens-today-in-downtown-puyallup, accessed July 5, 2015.

10. “He closed his taproom on August 8.” http://www.thenewstribune.com/entertainment/restaurants/tnt-diner/article36321390.html, accessed October 5, 2015.

11. “When they decided to brew a new beer.” http://www.westernfrontonline.net/blogs/archives/article_9bc68c08-12b1-11e4-9a02-001a4bcf6878.html, accessed July 9, 2015.

12. “Dirty Bucket Brewing Company opened in Woodinville.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/welcome-aboard-dirty-bucket-brewing, accessed July 7, 2015.

13. “…sold the business to David and Arlene Nunez.” The Columbian (April 25, 2012).14. “…everyone around here has their own great local craft microbrewery.”

http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/new-brewery-coming-bainbridge-island, accessed June 7, 2015.15. “Colpitts is a master brewer.” Seapinebrewing.com, accessed June 9, 2015.16. “They expected to have the tasting room open in mid-October.” Ibid.17. “Amnesia Brewing announced they were leaving Portland.” http://brewpublic.com/oregon-beer/amnesia-

brewing-announces-expansion-to-washougal-wa, accessed June 13, 2015.18. “He came back to Amnesia to be head brewer.” http://brewpublic.com/brewpubs/amnesia-brewing-

celebrates-10-years-of-cascadian-craft-beer-with-special-limited-barrel-aged-x-barley-wine-draught-and-bottle-release-events, accessed June 13, 2015.

19. “The brewery purchased a bottling line.” http://www.spokesman.com/blogs/officehours/2012/apr/25/northern-lights-brewing-co-renamed-no-li-brewhouse, accessed June 9, 2015.

20. “They also decided to call their pale ale.” http://www.inlander.com/spokane/beer-battle/Content?oid=2138191, accessed June 9, 2015.

21. “The nano-brewery is located in the storefront.” http://hoodriverbizbuzz.com/?p=3014, accessed June 7, 2015.

22. “Water Buffalo Brewery self distributes.” Correspondence with author.23. “In 2015 they moved to a new location in downtown Arlington.” Company Facebook page or website.24. “The first time it went real well.” http://101brewery.com/2014/01/22/featured-in-living-on-the-peninsula-

winter-2013, accessed June 1, 2015.25. “named after a peak near Mount Rainier.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2012/aug/08/local-crop-of-

breweries-just-keeps-on-growing, accessed July 6, 2015.26. “The couple worked together.” http://sammamishreview.com/2014/04/15/couple-pours-lots-of-love-into-

their-tasty-brews, accessed July 7, 2015.27. “Something is always around the corner that is going to kill us.”

http://www.camaspostrecord.com/news/2014/sep/02/doomsday-brewing-washougal, accessed July 1, 2015.28. “The integrity of the beer was being compromised.” http://www.brewbound.com/news/churchkey-can-co-

on-hiatus, accessed June 28, 2015.29. “The brand was relaunched in 2015.” http://www.latimes.com/food/dailydish/la-dd-churchkey-can-co-beer-

20150518-story.html, accessed June 28, 2015.30. “the road is a little bit too steep and narrow for traffic.” Company website.31. “…there are over 7 million runners.” http://blog.seattlepi.com/washingtonbeerblog/2014/11/10/ghost-

runners-brewery-increasing-production-distribution, accessed July 8, 2015.32. “…In May, 2015 they opened a new larger location.” http://smallbusinessrevolution.org/story/reubens-

brews, accessed June 14, 2015.33. “Outlander Brewery and Pub was started in Seattle.” Company Facebook page or website.34. “They shied away from the hoppy IPA’s.” http://acertainpintofview.blogspot.com/2014/09/brewing-day-at-

kastellan-brauerei.html, accessed July 8, 2015.35. “My vision [for the bar] is to be a hub for the great beer.”

http://www.westernfrontonline.net/news/article_edaeebec-3025-11e3-94f7-0019bb30f31a.html, accessed July 17, 2015.

36. “A nano-brewery was opened in Manson in July, 2012.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/first-visit-lake-chelan-brewery, accessed July 8, 2015.

37. “They opened the brewery and taproom in early June, 2012.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2012/jun/13/iron-goat-brewing-taps-into-creativity, accessed July 8, 2015.

38. “They expect to move into their new space.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/oct/03/the-dirt-local-beer-a-dentist-and-a-gym-are-on-the, accessed October 5, 2015.

39. “They have a ten barrel direct fire brewhouse.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2014/feb/28/ramblin-road-finds-its-home, accessed July 7, 2015.

40. “I discovered you could brew beer at home.” http://blog.kenmoreair.com/index.php/chemistry-girl-didnt-like-beer, accessed July 9, 2015.

41. “People often asked us if they could come and learn about brewing beer.” Ibid.42. “After a year they needed to expand and moved to a new location.”

http://www.islandssounder.com/business/169551706.html#, accessed July 9, 2015.

43. “In 2009 I set out to open a small scale craft brewery.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/everetts-first-belgianstyle-brewery-meet-justice-brewing, accessed July 9, 2015.

44. “They collected pieces over a couple years to assemble a seven barrel brewhouse.” http://brewpublic.com/uncategorized/loowit-brewing-begins-bottling-celebrates-one-year-in-business, accessed July 8, 2015.

45. “She started brewing ten gallons of beer at a time.” http://wbjtoday.com/main.asp?SectionID=2&subsectionID=64&articleID=2312, accessed July 8, 2015.

46. “She released several seasonal beers.” http://www.wenatcheeworld.com/news/2014/sep/01/milepost-111-brewsing-company-a-menu-from-scratch-with-world-class-burgers-and-beer-milepost-111-gives-cashmere-something-fresh, accessed July 8, 2015.

47. “…used community-sourced capital.” http://www.newschoolbeer.com/2015/05/pacific-northwests-most-underrated-brewery-seeks-funding-to-open-taproom.html, accessed July 7, 2015.

48. “Fads are always changing.” http://www.camaspostrecord.com/news/2012/sep/11/rail-side-channels-european-style-brews, accessed July 9, 2015.

49. “They brought former Coeur d’Alene Brewing Company brewer.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2012/mar/23/coeur-dalene-brewing-co-owners-plan-spokane, accessed July 3, 2015.

50. “Beer is his real passion.” http://www.portorchardindependent.com/news/164063906.html#, accessed July 9, 2015.

51. “Tacoma Brewing Company was started.” http://www.northwestmilitary.com/restaurants/served-in-the-south-sound/2014/06/Q-and-A-with-Morgan-Alexander-of-Tacoma-Brewing-Company, accessed July 9, 2015.

52. “He was looking for $5,000.” https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/45220919/tacoma-brewing-company/description, accessed July 9, 2015.

53. “Homebrewer B.J. Garbe ran.” http://www.brewbound.com/news/ten-pin-brewing-prepares-for-2016-launch, accessed September 4, 2015.

54. “Ten Pin is a name that takes us back to where we started.” http://www.columbiabasinherald.com/business/ten-pin-brewing-co-serves-first-batch-friday/article_aa6f4426-f556-11e2-8bf4-0019bb2963f4.html, accessed July 9, 2015.

55. “In early 2014 they moved to a seven barrel brewhouse.” Company website.56. “Bluebird Microcreamery & Brewery.” http://seattlebeernews.com/2012/11/bluebird-brewing-official-

grand-opening-party-tonight, accessed July 7, 2015.57. “…they started Rainy Daze Brewing.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/kitsap-county-beer-buzz-meet-

rainy-daze-brewing, accessed July 9, 2015.58. “They moved and opened Mill City Brew Werks.” http://www.beervanabuzz.com/2013/10/mill-city-brew-

werks-stalks-clark.html, accessed July 11, 2015.59. “John Robertson and Scott Hansen founded the Bellevue Brewing Company.” Company website.

Chapter 10. 2013–2014

1. “Badger Mountain Brewing opened in Wenatchee.” http://www.wenatcheeworld.com/news/2013/jun/15/new-brewery-smokin-with-barbecue-fare, accessed June 7, 2015.

2. “In August, 2012 they upgraded to a nano-brewery.” http://www.thedrainage.net/brewery-review-herbert-b-friendly, accessed July 11, 2015.

3. “Ed bought a twenty barrel brewhouse.” http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/article/20130127/NEWS/130129987, accessed July 11, 2015.

4. “I started as a home brewer.” http://www.payscale.com/career-news/2015/04/how-i-got-my-dream-job-peter-charbonnier-owner-brewer-at-populuxe-brewing, accessed July 17, 2015.

5. “…but in my last year, I brewed 260 batches.” Ibid.6. “By late 2012 Skye Book & Brew in Dayton.” https://sweetempranillo.wordpress.com/2014/12/05/chief-

springs-fire-irons-brew-pub-dayton-washington, accessed July 10, 2015.7. “We’ll also have some fun introducing some new ones as well.”

http://www.waitsburgtimes.com/story/2013/02/21/business-news/chief-springs-fire-and-iron-brew-pub/1998.html, accessed July 10, 2015.

8. “Darin Hartley was a homebrewer.” http://pugetsoundblogs.com/minding-your-business/2014/07/11/kitsap-on-tap-unicycle-ale, accessed July 11, 2015.

9. “Time after time and recipe after recipe.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/first-visit-woodinvilles-newest-brewery, accessed July 10, 2015.

10. “He brews on a one barrel brewing system.” http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20130930/BIZ/709309995/From-hobbyist-to-Everett-craft-brewery-owne, accessed July 12, 2015.

11. “They imported three beer engines.” http://www.aletrailmaps.com/machine-house-brewery.html, accessed July 10, 2015.

12. “The brewery is located in a shop in their parents’ yard.” Company Facebook page or website.13. “Haley Woods and David Keller combined their love of bicycles and beer.” Company Facebook page or

website.14. “Standard Brewing Company opened in the Central District.”

http://www.centraldistrictnews.com/2013/03/standard-brewing-will-start-slinging-pints-at-25th-and-jackson-soon, accessed July 11, 2015.

15. “He was able to stay in his location.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/standard-brewing-little-brewery-big-expansion-plans, accessed July 11, 2015.

16. “I remember my first good beer.” http://www.thestranger.com/seattle/getting-lucky-at-spinnaker-bay-brewing/Content?oid=17446382, accessed July 10, 2015.

17. “In February, 2014 they hired Janelle Pritchard.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/janelle-pritchard-joins-team-at-spinnaker-bay, accessed October 2, 2015.

18. “In April, 2013 Bale Breaker Brewing opened.” Company Facebook or website.19. “In September, 2015 they announced they were adding a 16,200 square foot addition.”

http://www.yakimaherald.com/news/business/bale-breaker-brewing-co-enjoying-breakout-success/article_fa0952a0-4c80-11e5-9066-aba81f2537d0.html, accessed September 4, 2015.

20. “…she started Barnstormer Brewing.” https://www.facebook.com/gorgewashingtonmagazine/photos/a.292828004218009.1073741829.119102961590515/292828167551326/?type=1&permPage=1, accessed June 13, 2015.

21. “charmingly rough-around-the-edges.” http://seattle.eater.com/2014/10/3/6900961/rooftop-brewing-company-building-out-a-15-barrel-brewhouse, accessed July 11, 2015

22. “In September 2014, they closed.” Interview with author.23. “…hot rods and hoppy beers, which all lend themselves to the brewery name.”

http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2013/jun/14/hopped-up-gets-tapped-in, accessed July 11, 2015.24. “We chose the name Narrows Brewery because of the location in the marina.”

http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-news/gig-harbor-friends-open-tacoma-brewery, accessed July 11, 2015.

25. “They had a seven barrel brewhouse.” http://issuu.com/thenewportminer/docs/2013_horizon_summer, accessed July 11, 2015.

26. “…they filled up a bunch of growlers.” Northwest Brewing News, August/September 2013, 37.27. “They started with a used six barrel system.” Interview with author.28. “…they opened a new brewery and taproom in the historic old city hall in Darrington.” Company Facebook

page or website.29. “we brewed a few great beers, some average beers.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/burdick-

brewery-bad-news-good-news, accessed July 10, 2015.30. “…he started Geaux Brewing in Bellevue.” Company Facebook page or website.31. “On May 9, 2015 they opened a long anticipated beer garden.” Company Facebook page or website.32. “I’ll be making three times as much.” http://cwuobserver.com/1647/scene/scene-cwu-student-and-former-

marine-william-reichlen-opens-up-his-own-brewery-in-kittitas, accessed July 7, 2015.33. “Prior to starting our brewery.” http://blogs.columbian.com/brews-in-clark/2013/08/08/dirty-hands-beer-

and-downtown-vancouver, accessed July 10, 2015.34. “They have a three and half barrel brewhouse located on two floors of the building.”

http://bitteredunits.blogspot.com/2013/11/dirty-hands-brewing-company.html, accessed July 10, 2015.35. “it’s Tetris when we put everything away.” http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20150409/ENT/150419990,

accessed July 11, 2015.36. “They were able to expand by leasing the space next door.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/salish-

sea-brewing-expansion-complete/. accessed July 11, 2015.

37. “In May, 2015 he became head brewer.” http://thedailyworld.com/lifestyle/profiles/chris-tiffany-makes-success-out-hobby-turned-passion, accessed July 10, 2015.

38. “I’ve been wanting to do this for a while.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2013/dec/27/waddells-launches-brewery, accessed July 11, 2015.

39. “A Kickstarter campaign raised $15,621 in July, 2013.” https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/590065885/bad-jimmys-brewing-co/updates, accessed June 7, 2015.

40. “When transitioning some recipes to the larger brewery.” http://www.fremontuniverse.com/2014/11/18/bad-jimmys-brewing-co-beckons-from-frelard, accessed June 7, 2015.

41. “I’ve been a brewer for 22 years.” http://www.westseattleherald.com/2013/08/16/features/west-seattle-brewing-companys-plans-are-comin, accessed June 2, 2015.

42. “He closed the brewery in late 2014.” http://www.westseattleherald.com/2015/05/28/news/update-slideshow-west-seattle-brewing-company-bac, accessed June 2, 2015.

2014

1. “but we couldn’t make the numbers work with regards to real estate costs.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/lowercase-brewing-brewery-boom-south-park, accessed July 11, 2015.

2. “Eric Rough spent time in Germany on a foreign exchange program.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/introducing-tin-dog-brewing-coming-soon-south-seattle, accessed July 11, 2015.

3. “They opened Zythum Brewing Company.” Company Facebook page or website.4. “…he started Wild Earth Brewing Company.” http://www.dailyrecordnews.com/members/new-brewery-

opens-in-roslyn/article_934c9f86-dc60-11e3-baaa-0019bb2963f4.html, accessed July 1, 2015.5. “My facility was not big enough to grow into.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/wild-earth-brewing-

closes-its-doors, accessed July 1, 2015.6. “Whitewall Brewing Company opened March 1, 2014.” Company Facebook page or website.7. “…they delivered their first keg of beer February 27, 2014.” Company Facebook page or website.8. “…the Perry district is the closest thing I’ve found to that in Spokane.”

http://www.spokane7.com/blog/2014/dec/07/7-sips-ben-lukes, accessed July 11, 2015.9. “…formed Brothers Cascadia Brewing in Battle Ground.”

https://www.beerqwest.com/blog/brewery/making-of-a-brewery, accessed July 11, 2015.10. “…who became the brewers for Northwood.” Company Facebook page or website.11. “Top Rung Brewing Company was started.” http://www.thenewstribune.com/2015/02/09/3630832_lacey-

craft-brewery-expects-to.html?rh=1, accessed July 14, 2015.12. “…Nosdunk, is Knudson spelled backwards.” http://union-bulletin.com/news/2014/may/03/local-craft-

beer-hops-market/?print, accessed July 8, 2015.13. “Erik Svendsen started homebrewing while in college.” Interview with author.14. “…projected to produce 750 barrels in 2015.”

http://www.chinookobserver.com/co/business/20150407/with-demand-pouring-in-seaview-brewery-ramps-up-production-brewery-upgrade-triples-capacity, accessed July 11, 2015.

15. “In late summer 2013 they began construction.” Company Facebook page or website.16. “…work in progress.” http://www.bellinghamherald.com/2014/10/09/3892641/first-draught-on-second-

take-aslan.html, accessed June 5, 2015.17. “They opened May 2, 2014 with a twenty barrel brewhouse.”

http://www.bellingham.org/insider-blogs/two-new-bellingham-breweries-wander-brewing-and-aslan-brewing-co, accessed July 7, 2015.

18. “We’ve been very happy.” http://bbjtoday.com/blog/wander-brewing-doubles-its-brewing-ability-with-new-tanks/30601, accessed July 7, 2015.

19. “They finally sat down and opened Drop Anchor Brewery.” Company Facebook page or website.20. “They are still an active brewery, without a location to brew.”

http://www.charginghippobrewing.com/about, accessed October 13, 2015.21. “Nano-brewery Flycaster Brewing Company opened.”

http://www.kirklandreporter.com/news/257242111.html, accessed July 11, 2015.

22. “…they opened their doors in early June 2014.” http://tdn.com/news/local/friends-gearing-up-to-open-five-dons-brewery-in-longview/article_4144ff9c-ec75-11e3-9eea-0019bb2963f4.html, accessed July 11, 2015.

23. “…they were able to upgrade from their one keg pilot system.” http://union-bulletin.com/news/2014/may/03/local-craft-beer-hops-market/?print, accessed July 8, 2015.

24. “They are located in the former Riverside Tavern.” http://www.northwestmilitary.com/restaurants/served-in-the-south-sound/2014/09/Lake-Tapps-Brewing-Co-stuck-on-non-traditional-flavors-but-not-next-to, accessed July 11, 2015.

25. “Installation of an eighty barrel brewhouse.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/fremont-brewing-plans-increase-annual-production-100k-barrels, accessed July 4, 2015.

26. “But is that a lot if we [craft brewers] continue to gain market share?” http://www.brewbound.com/news/fremont-brewing-embarks-on-multi-million-dollar-expansion, accessed July 4, 2015.

27. “…he was assistant brewer, and eventually became a head brewer.” http://www.northwestmilitary.com/restaurants/served-in-the-south-sound/2015/04/Pacific-Brewing-and-Malting-Co-expands-production, accessed July 11, 2015.

28. “A friend of mine once said I should run my brewery under the table.” http://blog.thenewstribune.com/tntdiner/2014/09/22/opening-saturday-outlaw-ales-a-nano-brewery-in-bonney-lake, accessed July 11, 2015.

29. “…he opened one barrel Triceratops Brewing Company.” Interview with author.30. “Cole Rinehardt was homebrewing for about twenty years.” Company website and interview with author.31. “Two months after opening he was already pushing capacity.”

http://southseattleemerald.com/2015/01/02/mad-scientist-brings-flying-lion-to-life-in-columbia-city, accessed June 20, 2015.

32. “…started Downpour Brewing in downtown Kingston.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-news/downpour-joins-deluge-of-local-craft-brewers_78767001, accessed July 11, 2015.

33. “…dial-in those recipes for quality and consistency based on community feedback.” Correspondence with author; company website.

34. “…opened the doors to Bushnell Craft Brewing in Redmond.” Company website.35. “…brew master and alchemist.” http://www.bushnellcraft.com/PressReleases/2014DEC05.pdf, accessed

July 31, 2015.36. “…replicated nearly perfectly a beer.” http://www.northwestmilitary.com/music-and-culture/walkie-talkie-

blog/2014/03/Q-and-A-with-John-Hotchkiss-of-Odd-Otter-Brewing-Company-in-Tacoma, accessed July 12, 2015.

37. “…raised $19,396 toward completion.” https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1116848197/odd-otter-brewing-company/description, accessed July 12, 2015.

38. “They formed the brewery in 2014.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/meet-three-magnets-brewing-olympias-new-brewery-ready-brew, accessed July 12, 2015.

39. “…images of Mount Rainier, Tumwater Falls.” http://www.theolympian.com/2015/02/18/3583751/stained-glass-art-turns-heads.html#storylink=cpy, accessed July 12, 2015.

40. “SAB Miller released the deed restriction in 2013.” News Tribune, “Former Olympia Brewery Property About to Be Sold,” November 18, 2014.

41. “In December, 2014 they opened Sound to Summit Brewing.” Company website and interview with author.42. “There was no epiphany when Dru Ernst decided to start a brewery.”

http://seattle.eater.com/2015/2/4/7974507/apres-ski-with-snoqualmie-passs-dru-bru-brewery, accessed July 12, 2015.

43. “…started off a few years ago as a running joke.” https://www.homebrewersassociation.org/forum/index.php?topic=18543.15, accessed July 12, 2015.

44. “In late 2014 Kulshan Brewing Company.” http://www.bellinghamtaptrail.com/k2-a-beautiful-beast-of-a-brewery, accessed July 9, 2015.

45. “…expect to produce about 6,000 in 2015.” http://www.bellinghamtaptrail.com/kulshan-brewing-co-about-to-open-second-brewery-in-bellingham, accessed June 2, 2015.

Chapter 11. 2015

1. “Throughout our journey we’ve been focused on brewing.” http://www.wcpo.com/entertainment/local-a-e/beer/anheuser-busch-buying-craft-beer-maker-elysian-brewing, accessed July 18, 2015.

2. “Less than 25 percent of the craft brewery is owned.” https://www.brewersassociation.org/statistics/craft-brewer-defined, accessed July 18, 2015.

3. “I was on the board for several years.” http://www.chicagotribune.com/dining/recipes/ct-elysian-brewing-takeover-20150202-story.html#page=1, accessed July 18, 2015.

4. “with consideration and seriousness.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/dick-cantwell-resigns-from-anheuserbusch-elysian, accessed July 18, 2015.

5. “We’ve taken a lot of snipes at Bud.” http://www.brewbound.com/events/brewtalkscbc15/brew-talks-cbc-joe-bisacca-on-selling-elysian-to-anheuser-busch, accessed July 18, 2015.

6. “…Cantwell was named ‘quality ambassador.’” http://www.brewbound.com/news/2015/brewers-association-names-dick-cantwell-quality-ambassador?utm_source=Brewbound&utm_campaign=ee8d3313d4-mailchimp&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_6026cb3473-ee8d3313d4-168969237, accessed September 4, 2015

7. “O-Town Brewing is a joint effort.” Correspondence with author.8. “Their nano-brewery became fully operational in January, 2015.” Interview with author and company

website.9. “We’re doing almost everything ourselves.” http://seattlebeernews.com/2014/05/holy-mountain-brewing-

looks-to-fill-niche-in-seattle-beer-scene, accessed July 14, 2015.10. “They opened Black Label Brewing Company.” http://community-building.org/2013/12/new-brewery-on-

the-block, accessed July 3, 2015.11. “…a bike-powered grain mill.” http://www.inlander.com/spokane/green-briefs/Content?oid=2154894,

accessed July 3, 2015.12. “Their beers all have telephone themed names.” http://www.spokane7.com/ontap/capsule-detail/238-

brewing, accessed June 1, 2015.13. “…Sound Brewery announced they were building a new production brewery.”

http://www.kitsapsun.com/kpbj/sound-brewery-going-big-with-poulsbo-expansion, accessed July 5, 2015.14. “Randy Schroeder and Brian Thiel originally planned to open an Irish pub.” Company Facebook page or

website.15. “They are the only brewery in Washington serving only gluten-free beers.” Company Facebook page or

website.16. “It took two years of work to open Outer Planet Craft Brewing.”

http://seattle.eater.com/2015/2/20/8077377/outer-planet-craft-brewing-opens-today-capitol-hill, accessed July 15, 2015.

17. “They started brewing in December, 2014.” http://www.capitolhillseattle.com/2015/02/tiny-outer-planet-opens-with-hill-brewed-beers-until-the-taps-run-dry, accessed July 15, 2015.

18. “Cascadia Homebrew opened in March, 2015.” http://oplnews.com/articles/new-biz-oly-cascadia-homebrew, accessed September 18, 2015.

19. “…they were selling their award winning Old Schoolhouse Brewery.” http://methowvalleynews.com/2015/03/06/ruuds-seek-new-owners-for-old-schoolhouse-brewery, accessed July 12, 2015.

20. “…Hop Nation Brewing Company opened for business.” http://downtownyakima.com/new-business-hop-nation-brewery/ and Company website, accessed June 2, 2015.

21. “Chainline Brewing in Kirkland.” http://blog.seattlepi.com/washingtonbeerblog/2015/04/23/chainline-brewing-opens-for-business-this-saturday/ and Company website, accessed June 2, 2015.

22. “…American Brewing Company had a change in brewers.” http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20150414/BLOG57/150419556, accessed June 5, 2015.

23. “…in April, 2015 they opened At Large Brewing.” http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20150531/BLOG57/150539978, accessed June 14, 2015.

24. “Mark Ihrig started Boxing Cat Brewery.” http://sumerianbrewingco.com/brewery-owners.25. “…he opened Sumerian Brewing Company in Woodinville.”

http://blog.seattlepi.com/washingtonbeerblog/2015/05/18/sumerian-brewing-now-open-in-woodinville.26. “…Mark Irvin decided to step out of the company picture.”

http://www.spokane7.com/blog/2015/apr/14/no-lis-irvin-moving, accessed June 9, 2015.27. “Lumberjack Brewing Company opened May 2, 2015.” Company website.

28. “Cash Brewing Company opened May 2, 2015.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-news/evicted-port-orchard-bar-moving-to-silverdale_72436641, accessed September 18, 2015.

29. “Hemlock State Brewing Company was formed in 2012.” Correspondence with author.30. “Blackbeard’s Brewing Company opened in Westport.”

http://southbeachbulletin.com/livinglifestyles/blackbeard%E2%80%99s-joins-growing-brewing-community-westport.html, accessed September 18, 2015.

31. “Hellbent Brewing LLC opened May 30, 2015.” http://blog.seattlepi.com/washingtonbeerblog/2015/05/26/hellbent-brewing-opens-this-saturday-in-seattle, accessed June 2, 2015.

32. “Lucky Envelope Brewing was started.” http://www.ballardnewstribune.com/2015/05/12/features/lucky-envelope-brewing-opens-ballard, accessed June 2, 2015.

33. “…With double digit growth, they sold their ten barrel brewing system.” http://www.washingtonbeerblog.com/busy-times-at-silver-city-brewing-new-branding-more, accessed July 2, 2015.

34. “Homebrewer Shane Noblin opened New Boundary Brewing.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/jun/12/brewer-taps-in-to-cheney, accessed October 12, 2015.

35. “…Wet Coast Brewing opened in Gig Harbor.” Company website.36. “…the owners of another brewery have a tie to the military.”

http://www.monroemonitor.com/2015/06/29/dreadnought-brewing-opens, accessed July 16, 2015.37. “He decided to go commercial after getting good feedback from friends.”

http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20150624/BLOG57/150629560, accessed July 16, 2015.38. “In early July, 2015 Yakima Craft Brewing Company.” http://www.yakimaherald.com/news/local/central-

washington-craft-brewers-struggle-with-how-to-grow/article_7815afa6-26c8-11e5-a641-138c482ce48b.html, accessed July 11, 2015.

39. “Brier Brewing was started by Morgan Ferry.” Company website.40. “…ten barrel Benniditos Brewpub opened.” http://www.spokane7.com/blog/2015/jul/09/benniditos-opens-

brewpub, accessed October 14, 2015.41. “Destiny City Brewing opened in Tacoma.” Company Facebook page.42. “…preparing to open Sluggo Brewing Company.” http://www.komonews.com/news/local/Looting-goes-

on-for-hours-at-Tacoma-business-319207511.html, accessed October 14, 2015.43. “Named after long-time record store Sluggo Music.”

http://www.thenewstribune.com/entertainment/restaurants/tnt-diner/article38876631.html, accessed October 14, 2015.

44. “Flying Bike Cooperative Brewery is a member-owned.” http://www.flyingbike.coop/2015/05/introducing-kevin-forhan-our-head-brewer, accessed June 2, 2015.

45. “We’ve had visits from the top malters in the world.” http://www.mountvernonchamber.com/visitor-news/local-malting-company-creates-flavors-unique-to-skagit-county-grain, accessed September 18, 2015.

46. “…started Fortside Brewing Company in Vancouver.” http://www.vbjusa.com/news/top-stories/fortside-brewing-company-to-open-next-month, accessed September 14, 2015.

47. “…opened 5 Rights Brewing Company.” http://www.theheraldbusinessjournal.com/article/20150804/BLOG57/150809738/1001/Garage-brewed, accessed September 21, 2015.

48. “Awkward Brewing was launched in Lake Stevens.” Interview with author, September 2015.49. “Bavaria Brewing Company opened on July 24, 2015.” Company website.50. “The idea of Badass Backyard Brewing.” https://rally.org/badassbackyardbrewing, accessed July 17, 2015.51. “Wobbly Hopps Brewery was started.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-news/2-microbreweries-

coming-to-downtown-bremerton_12309963, accessed October 5, 2015.52. “…Fox Island Brewing opened up on Fox Island.”

http://www.thenewstribune.com/news/local/community/gateway/g-living/article33270102.html, accessed October 14, 2015.

53. “Bellwether Brewing Company opened September 29, 2015.” http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/oct/08/on-tap-bellwether-brings-together-beer-fellowship, accessed October 13, 2015.

54. “We are excited about the opportunity to continue.” http://www.pacificbrewingandmalting.com/americanbrewing, accessed October 6, 2015.

55. “Crucible Brewing Company was founded.” Company website.56. “…the grand opening of Double Bluff Brewing Company.”

http://www.whidbeylocal.com/article/view/939/2015/10/double-bluff-brewing-company-in-langley-great-craft-beers-that-will-make-beer-lovers-out-of-just-about-everyone, accessed October 14, 2015.

57. “…Trap Door Brewing opened its doors in Vancouver.” http://www.vbjusa.com/news/top-stories/new-craft-brewery-coming-to-uptown-village, accessed October 11, 2015.

58. “In December, 2014 Minister suddenly parted ways.” http://brewpublic.com/washington-beer/old-town-brewing-brewmaster-bolt-minister-parts-ways-with-his-award-winning-brewery-to-start-his-own-brewing-project-in-sw-washington, accessed July 3, 2015.

59. “54°40′ Brewing Company opened.” http://brewpublic.com/beer-news/bolt-minister-and-charlie-hutchins-partner-to-form-5440-brewing-co, accessed July 3, 2015.

60. “…on September 11, 2015 Gastropod and Epic Ales closed their doors.” http://seattle.eater.com/2015/8/13/9148861/gastropod-and-epic-ales-to-shutter-september-11, accessed August 17, 2015.

61. “In early 2014 John Forsberg announced he was opening Gig Harbor Brewing.” http://www.thenewstribune.com/entertainment/restaurants/tnt-diner/article26273218.html. accessed August 14, 2015.

62. “…is run by head brewer is Bethany Carlsen.” http://www.thenewstribune.com/entertainment/restaurants/tnt-diner/article30770856.html, accessed August 14, 2015.

63. “They successfully raised over $31,000 to start Lovecraft Brewing Company.” http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/local-news/2-microbreweries-coming-to-downtown-bremerton_12309963, accessed October 5, 2015.

64. “Optimism Brewing Company opened in Seattle.” Company website.65. “Steve Luke started working for Allagash Brewing.” http://www.newschoolbeer.com/2015/02/steve-luke-

elysian-brewing-breaks-open-cloudburst-brewing.html, accessed July 16, 2015.66. “…primarily developing new recipes and experimenting.” http://www.newschoolbeer.com/2015/02/steve-

luke-elysian-brewing-breaks-open-cloudburst-brewing.html, accessed July 16, 2015.67. “…the Local Public House in Bellingham and Menace Brewing.”

https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1081909738/bellingham-beer-lab-washingtons-first-non-profit-b?ref=discovery, accessed July 18, 2015.

68. “Tony Luciano began brewing in 1998.” http://www.whatcomtalk.com/2015/05/20/stones-throw-brewing-bellingham, accessed July 13, 2015.

69. “The garage was re-purposed as a taproom.” Interview with author.70. “The Incubator Brewery is a new concept.” http://www.inlandnwbusiness.com/2015/08/brewery-incubator-

still-coming-to.html, accessed October 12, 2015.