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Name: ____________________Class: __________
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The Development Gap
Page3 Key Words4 A World Divided7 How Do We Measure Development?8 Development – More Than Mere Economics
Adult Literacy9 How Does The Development Gap Grow?
10 The Cycle Of Hunger11 Fairtrade13 Aid – What Is It? Does It Work?15 Can We Measure How Happy We Are?
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Content
Key WordsBorrowedCaloriesClimateColonies
DevelopmentDiseasesDoctors
EconomicExpectancy
GhanaInfant
LifeLiteracyPoorer
PopulationRicher
SustainableWars
Use the words from the wordsearch to complete the sentences below:1. MEDCs are _______________ then LEDCs
2. _______________ is an example of a LEDC, so it is _______________ than the UK3. Somecountries are poor because many years ago they were _______________ of
richer countries like the UK, Germany, Italy and France4. Some countries are poor because they have a bad _______________. It might be too
hot, too cold, too wet or too dry5. Some countries are poor because they have _______________ lots of money and
have to pay it back6. _______________ cost a lot of money and so they can make a country poorer
7. How many _______________ people eat in a day, how many _______________ there are every 1000 people and what people’s life _______________ is, are all ways
of telling how __________ a country is8. If you drink dirty water you could get _______________
9. _______________ means to do with money10. The _______________ mortality in a country tells you how many children dies
before they get to five years old11. Most people in poorer countries have a worse quality of _______________ then
people in richer countries12. If a country want to develop it should make sure that it is going the best thing for the
people and the environment by developing in a _______________ way
There have been a number of ways experts have tried to divide up the work in ways of wealth or abilities.
One of the earliest ways resulted in this map but was a method was devised by Western Europe:
Europeans saw themselves as the first world. The
wealthier regions which they colonised, such as
North America and Australia, were referred to
as second world. Poorer countries were then
grouped together as the third world.
Describe the distribution of the first, second and third world countries______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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A World Divided
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In 1981, a report was published about global
development. It was called the Brandt
Report and it showed a divided world. A
wealthy ‘North’ controlled 80% of the world’s wealth, and a
poor ‘South’ only 20%. The map shows this
divide:
Describe the pattern made by the North/South divide - Can you see anything odd about the shape of the line?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The development indicator used to create this map was GNP (Gross National Product) per
capita. In its simplest form, GNP measures the value of goods and services a country’s population produced within a year, regardless of their location.
Why do you think this indicator has decreased in popularity?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Study the two maps on the previous page. Compare and contrast the patters on the two maps and discuss below:
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The map below shows the real GDP per capita in countries around the world. GDP includes all the goods and services produced in a country over a set period of time, usually quarterly
or annually. This number will initially indicate the counties economic wealth. Although widely still accepted, many bodies have rejected the indicator and use alternate formulas to
measure economic wellbeing, due to its weighty flaws.
GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the GDP of a county by its total populace and so theoretically the amount of money each individual has to live on in that particular country.
Thereby giving a better idea of living standards compared to GDP alone.
No Data No Data $5-10,000 £6,500-£3,000
$30,000+ £19,000 $3-5,000 £3,000-1,500
$20-30,000 £12,500–19,000 $1-3,000 £1,500-500
$10-20,000 £12,500-6,500 $0-1,000 £0-500
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Use the data on the map to answer the following questions; you may need an atlas to help you locate some of the countries:
The UK has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________Ghana has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________Brazil has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________Japan has a real GDP per capita of US$ __________
Three countries where people live on less than £6,500 are: ____________, ____________ and____________
Three countries where people love on £1,500-500 are: ____________, ____________ and____________
Add to the spider diagram five things you consider essential for your survival.Rank these in their order of importance (1 being the most important)
Ask ten people in your class what they consider essential for their survival and add it to the tally chart below (you may need to add a couple more rows different items):
Items First Second Third
Abraham Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in 1943. His hierarchy
suggests people needs to fulfil basic needs before moving on to
other, more advanced needs.
How do the needs of the class compare with those of Maslow’s
ideas?
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How Do We Measure Development?
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Read through the definitions below. Match them up with the keywords and colour code then to show whether they are economic or social:
This is the percentage of adults in a country who can read and write
The table below shows the adult literacy of five countries. In the last column write whether you think the country is more (MEDC) or less (LEDC) developed:
Country Percentage Of Adult Literacy MEDC Or LEDC?Egypt 51Ghana 64
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Adult Literacy
Primary Employment; Birth Rate; Infant Mortality; Life Expectancy; GDP; Death Rate; Energy Per Person; Food Intake; GDP Per Capita; Literacy Rate; People Per Doctor
______________________The average number of years a
person can expect to live
______________________The number of deaths per year
per 1000 people
______________________The number of births per year
per 1000 people
______________________The wealth shared out equally
among all the people of a country
______________________The total of all money
produced per year by a country’s workers
______________________The percentage of people in
the country employed in primary occupations
______________________The number of children per year out of every 1000 born alive that die before they reach the age of
one
______________________Number of kilocalories (kcals)
each person in the country takes each day
______________________Number of adults who can read and write in every 100
people
______________________Number of patients divided
by number of doctors
______________________The amount of energy which each person in the country
uses per year
Economic
Social
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Development - More Than Mere Economics
Peru 88Australia 99America 99
Use the information in the table to complete the graph:___________________________________________________________________________
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0%
10%
30%
20%
____________________________________
____
How Does The Development Gap Grow?
Physical and human factures can make the gap between richer and poorer countries wider:
Environmental Factors These include natural hazards like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and hurricanes. Poor countries tend to suffer most as they lack the money to prepare for and recover from them
Political FactorsIn Zimbabwe, the government’s redistribution of
land from white farmers to the majority black population aimed to close the development gap there. It had the opposite effect, as the land was
given to supporters with little farming experience. The crop production collapsed, the economy failed and many Zimbabweans had to
rely on international food aid
Economic Factors These include things like trade. Countries tend to buy in goods and services they don’t have enough of, or they can buy more cheaply from elsewhere
Each of the statements below explain why some countries are less developed than others. Draw a line from each statement to the factor which best describes it:
It is mostly stony desert
ENVIRONMENTAL
It has plenty of copper to export but the price of copper has fallen sharply over the years
It was a British colony for more than fifty yearsIt is really mountainous and hard to reach
A tribal war has been going on there for yearsThe people who colonised it built no factories
POLITICAL
Millions of people are suffering from AIDSThere are few schools so people can’t learn the skills the
country needsIt suffers serious flooding almost every year
Bacteria and viruses that cause diseases love its warm damp climate
In the past, several million of its healthy adults were sold as slaves
ECONOMICA small group of people owns most of its wealth
Other countries refuse to trade with it, because of its politics
It has to repay millions of dollars a year on loans
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How Does The Development Gap Grow?
The Cycle Of Hunger
Eight million people go to bed hungry every night.
Imagine you are a young farmer in a poor country where the climate it hot and dry, and the rain unreliable. You like to work hard. You have many ideas for improving your farm. But
you still go to bed hungry every night. How does it happen?
To see how, complete this vicious circle on the next page by writing the statements in the correct boxes in the circle. One has been done for you:
◊ …and there is not even enough to feed your family…◊ …which means you can’t sell any crops, as you’d planned.
◊ Soon you don’t have enough energy to work hard…◊ Instead you store them away, eating very sparingly every day.
◊ …and since you didn’t sell crops, you have no money for tools or fertiliser either.◊ So you just poke holes in the hard ground with a stick, and plant seeds for next year.
◊ So your crops grow weak and stunted…◊ And once again the wet season arrives – but there is not enough rain.
◊ So every day you and your family feel a little hungrier.
The Fairtrade Foundation is committed to tackling poverty and injustice through trade. The Foundation works with businesses, civil society organisations and individuals to help
producers achieve sustainable improvements for their members and communities. Principal
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The Cycle Of Hunger
Fairtrade
tools to reach the development goals are certification and product labelling through the FAIRTRADE Mark.
Fairtrade is about better prices, improved working conditions, sustainability and fair terms of trade for farmers and workers. By calling for companies to pay justifiable prices (which must always be above market price), Fairtrade addresses the unfairness of conventional
trade, which traditionally favours against the poorest, weakest producers. It allows them to have control over their own lives and to be able to improve their positions.
There are over 3,000 are Fairtrade certified and for sale in the UK. The UK market is doubling in value every two years; in 2007 it reached a retail value of £493 million. The UK is the world’s leading Fairtrade market with an estimated 20% of roast and ground coffee, and
20% of bananas sold being Fairtrade. Other products include:Cocoa Fruit Vegetables Dried Fruit Honey JuicesNuts Nut Oil Seeds Seed Oil Quinoa Rice
Spices Sugar Tea WineBeauty
ProductsCotton Cut
FlowersOrnamental
PlantsSports Balls
Draw a line linking the person to the correct speech bubble. Do you think they are a winner or loser in this system?
Shopper
Now I can get on with growing coffee, without
worrying about my family staving
Supermarket Manager
By buying coffee beans directly we make sure the
growers get a fair price
Fairtrade Worker
We make a fair profit on the coffee, so we’re happy to sell
it
Coffee Grower
I feel better about drinking coffee that gives the growers
a fair deal
Oxfam says poor countries should be given help so they can build factories. They could make instant coffee in their own factories. They’d make more money this way, because you
can sell the instant coffee for a lot more than the beans themselves.
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Complete the sentences in these boxes:
How can we help those less fortunate that ourselves?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There are many different types of aid which can help others:
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Aid – What Is It? Does It Work?‘Give A Man A Fish And He Will Feed His Family For A Day
Give A Man A Net And He Will Feed His Family For Life’
Aid
Official Aid Voluntary Aid
Official And Voluntary
Directly Indirectly Non-Governmental
Emergency Development
The basic aim of giving aid is to help poor countries develop their economies and to improve services in order to raise their standards of living and quality of life. In reality, however, it is
far more complex and controversial.
Overseas Aid:Official Aid: Paid for by the taxpayers in donor countries and administrated by governments
Voluntary Aid: Money raised by independent organisations and private donors.
Conditional Aid:This is when one country donates money or resources to another country but with conditions attached – This will often work in the MEDCs favour.E.g. – The recipient has to give building contracts to, or buy goods from the donor country. Through this many recipients fall into further debt when attempting to make repayments.Aid hasbeen withheld from countries which donors regard as being undemocratic or has a poor human rights record.
Multilateral Aid:That which is given to several countries by internationalOrganisations.E.g. – The World Bank, The International Monetary Fund, The United Nationsand
The E.U.Theoretically here should be no ties with this aid, but these organisations have withheld aid from non-democratically elected
governments.
Emergency Aid:This is an immediate or short-term disaster relief for natural disasters or human induced disasters.This relief can be in forms of money, food, medicines, etc.
Development Aid:These are longer-term development programmes usually involving local
communities in education and skills for sustainable development. Gifts such as these sold through charities such as Oxfam are great help and well received.
Non-Governmental Aid:These try to direct money generated by charities at the poor, local
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Aid
Official Aid Voluntary Aid
Official And Voluntary
Directly Indirectly Non-Governmental
Emergency Development
counties and the environment. Money is given, with no ties, to specific projects in poor countries. Projects are usually small and sustainable and use appropriate technology.
Does aid work? This is a question which is often asked particularly in the face of natural disasters. While some argue against emergency aid, claiming its “too little, too late”, other forms of aid are more controversial. Some consider no non-emergency aid should be given, especially as it is usually given in political, industrial and commercial interests of the donor
country, without concern for the environment, and does little to improve the long-term quality of life in the recipient country.
On the next are some of the pro and anti-aid arguments. Highlight which ones you think support aid and which are against it:
Emergency aid in times of disasters saves lives
FOR AID
Aid for agriculture can help increase food production
and so improve quality and quantity of food
Projects that develop clear water and sanitation provisions can lead to
improved health and living standards
Aid helps to rebuild housing and livelihoods after a
disaster
Aid can increase dependency of LEDCs n donor countries. Sometimes aid is not a gift,
but a loan, and poor countries my struggle to
repay
Inappropriate projects my lead to food and water
costing more. Projects may put resources under the
control of foreign countries
Encouraging aid investments in jobs and industrial
development can create jobs and improve transport
infrastructure
AGAINST AID
Aid may not reach the people who need it most.
Corruption may lead to politicians using aid for their
own means and gainsSometime projects don’t benefit smaller farmers.
Projects are often large scale and are often run by foreign
companies
Aid can support countries in developing their natural resources and power to
improve economic income
Provision of medical training, medicines and equipment
can improve health and standard of living
Infrastructure project may end up not favouring people
in greatest need. It may benefit the employers and
not employeesAid can put political or
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economic pressure on the receiving country
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Can We Measure How Happy We Are?