mrsmotsinger.weebly.com · Web viewThe Enlightenment was an intellectual movement of the 17th and...
Transcript of mrsmotsinger.weebly.com · Web viewThe Enlightenment was an intellectual movement of the 17th and...
Name ______________________________________________ Class Period _________
The EnlightenmentVocabulary
❧ ______________________________ - a list of basic _______________________ rights that a
government must ____________________________________.
❧ Constitutional monarchy – a form of government in which the
____________________ power is _________________________ by a basic set of laws.
❧ Despotism – rule by a _____________________________________.
❧ ___________________________ – a period from the late 1600s to the late 1700s in
Europe, in which people changed their ___________________________________ on life.
❧ Natural rights – rights that belong to people “__________ ____________________”
simply because they are human beings.
❧ ____________________ ___________________ - a concept that there is a universal
order built into nature that can guide moral thinking.
❧ Religious tolerance – the ______________________________________ of different
religious ________________________ and _______________________________.
❧ Social __________________________ – an __________________________________ in which
people give _______________________________ to a ___________________________________ in
exchange for its protections.
❧ _________________________________ of powers – the division of powers among
____________________________ of government
The Enlightenment
❧ The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th
centuries which sought to replace “____________________________” and apply
“_____________________________” to society, in order to better understand society
and improve it.
Name ______________________________________________ Class Period _________
The Enlightenment❧ Logic – the process of determining an argument as valid or not.
❧ People began to analyze ____________________________________ and politics.
❧ Five Central Concepts of The Enlightenment:
❧ _________________________ - the methods of natural science should be used
to understand all aspects life.
❧ _________________________ - society centered around natural laws of
human society as well the natural world.
❧ _________________________ - a person who lives by nature’s law finds
__________________________, not misery.
❧ ________________________ - focused on the confidence in human power and
human reason improves society.
❧ ________________________ - freedoms should not merely granted but
expected.
Absolutism
❧ Absolutism – a form of _____________________________________
government that places all power in the hands of the
__________________________.
❧ Kings rule by “_________________________________________________”,
the idea that rules received their power directly from God.
Therefore, citizens were expected to willingly accept all
decisions of the king.
Name ______________________________________________ Class Period _________
The Enlightenment❧ Citizens did not have any guaranteed ________________________________ because
the king could do anything he wanted to.
Describe two issues Parliament had with James II.Issue #1 Issues #2
Challenging Absolutism
❧ The Enlightenment challenged absolutism and brought about the
development of _____________________________________ governments.
❧ A ____________________________was the name given to the meetings where artists,
writers, and philosophers met to _________________________________ and promote
the new ideas of the Enlightenment.
Name ______________________________________________ Class Period _________
The Enlightenment
Name ______________________________________________ Class Period _________
The EnlightenmentThe Outlier: Thomas Hobbs (England)
❧ Huge supporter of ______________________ ____________________________ in
England.
❧ Wrote a book, _______________________________, during the English Civil
War.
❧ Argued that people were _______________________ and self-serving.
❧ Said that there should be a ______________________________________ – agreement
between the government and the people that they should work together.
❧ His idea of the social contract was that you needed a strong
_____________________________________________ in control. Without this, it would lead
to _________________________ and ____________________ among the people.
John Locke (England)
❧ Locke believed people had “_________________
________________________________”: rights belonging to all people.
❧ “____________________________________________________”: Individuals are
born with a ____________________________________, a person’s thoughts are
shaped by ____________________________.
❧ Locke believed the ________________________________________________ was
an agreement between the citizens and their government, and the
government’s responsibility is to
______________________________________________________________ of the people.
❧ Locke said that if government did not protect these rights, then people had
the right to ___________________________________ government and create a new one.
Name ______________________________________________ Class Period _________
The Enlightenment❧ Locke believed in “consent of the governed,” or the belief that govt. gets its
____________________________________________________________ from the people.
❧ Inspired ______________________________________________________________________ in the
writing of the Declaration of Independence.
Baron de Montesquieu (France)
❧ Focused on the organization of government by creating a
__________________________________________________ that
allowed each branch to check the other’s powers.
(_______________________________________________)
❧ Had the idea for the _____________________ branches of
government: executive (monarch), legislative (Parliament), and
judicial (courts).
❧ Influenced the _________________________________________.
Voltaire (France)
❧ He was concerned about the rights of citizens - focused on the freedom
of _____________________ and freedom of
_______________________.
❧ He advocated for the _________________________________ of church
and state, meaning religion should be kept out of all government affairs,
and government should stay out of religion. This is because of the power of the
Catholic Church (_________________) in European govt.
❧ Inspired the U.S. Bill of Rights.
Cesare Beccaria (Italian)
Name ______________________________________________ Class Period _________
The Enlightenment❧ Son of an aristocrat and went to Catholic school.
❧ Focused on rights of the ______________________.
❧ Against ___________________ and secret trials.
❧ Book On __________________ and ______________________.
❧ Laws – to keep order, not ____________________ crimes.
❧ Right to a ____________________ trial and punishments should fit the crime.
Jean Jacque Rousseau (France)
❧ Rousseau believed that society was corrupt, so government
should protect the “general will” of the people.
❧ The government should implement policies beneficial to all
people by basing decisions on
______________________________________________________________________.
❧ The social contract should create a government limited by what
the majority of the people want.
❧ This idea forms the foundation of
“___________________________________________________________” – government gets its
power from what the _______________________________ want.
❧ Ideas are largely __________________________________ by the writers of the
U.S. Constitution.
Madame Geoffrin (France)
Name ______________________________________________ Class Period _________
The Enlightenment
❧ Leading sponsor of ________________________.
❧ Welcomed diversity of thinkers in home – princes, politicians, artists, writers,
and philosophers
❧ ____________________________________ support to the encyclopedist.
Olympe de Gouges (France)
❧ Different – butcher’s daughter with little education.
❧ Book _______________________________ ______ ________ __________________________
______ _____________________________ and the Female.
Age of Reason(18th century Enlightenment)
Natural laws apply to government as well as science!
Rights to Life, Liberty, and Property
A FAIR society is based on REASON, not “Divine Right”
REVOLUTION!!!
Name ______________________________________________ Class Period _________
The Enlightenment