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6.1 Wave - Waves in air; fluids; solids - High demand – Questions

Q1.The diagram shows a ripple tank.

(a) The motor makes a noise when it is turned on.

Describe the differences between the properties of the sound waves produced by the motor and the water waves in the ripple tank.

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(b) The period of the sound waves produced by the motor is 8.3 milliseconds.

Calculate the frequency of the sound waves.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

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Frequency = ____________________ Hz(3)

(c) Explain how a student could make appropriate measurements and use them to determine the wavelength of the waves in the ripple tank.

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(Total 13 marks)

Q2.Waves may be longitudinal or transverse.

(a) Describe the differences between longitudinal waves and transverse waves.

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(b) Radio waves are electromagnetic waves.

Describe how radio waves are different from sound waves.

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(Total 7 marks)

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Q3.A baby monitor has a sensor unit that transmits an image of the baby and the noises the baby makes to a monitor unit.

The monitor unit then displays an image of the baby and emits the noises the baby makes.

(a) Compare the properties of the waves that transmit images and noises from the monitor unit.

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(b) The sensor unit can detect infrared and visible light.

Suggest one advantage of being able to detect infrared.

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(c) Write down the equation that links frequency, wave speed and wavelength.

Equation ___________________________________________________________(1)

(d) The signals for the monitor unit are transmitted as electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 0.125 m.

Wave speed of electromagnetic waves = 3 × 108 m / s

Calculate the frequency of the signal.

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Frequency = __________________ Hz(3)

(Total 9 marks)

Q4.Bats use the reflection of high pitched sound waves to determine the position of objects.The image below shows a bat and an insect flying in front of the bat.

(a) What determines the pitch of a sound wave?

Tick (✔) one box.

Tick (✔)

amplitude

frequency

speed

(1)

(b) State the name given to reflected sound waves.

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(c) The bat emits a sound wave with a frequency of 25.0 kHz and a wavelength of 0.0136 metres.

Calculate the speed of this sound wave.

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Speed = ____________ m/s(2)

(d) Sound waves are longitudinal. Describe a longitudinal sound wave.

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(Total 6 marks)

Q5.(a) Sound and light are different types of waves.

Give two similarities and two differences between sound waves and light waves.

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(b) A student does an experiment to investigate the speed of sound in different liquids.

The student uses the apparatus shown.

A loudspeaker makes a sound wave. The sound wave travels through the liquid in the tank. The time it takes to travel this distance is used to calculate the speed of sound.

The bar chart shows the student’s results.

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(i) When a sound wave with a frequency of 4800 hertz passes through one of the liquids, it has a wavelength of 0.25 m.

Calculate the speed of the wave and identify the liquid used.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

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Speed = ____________________ m/s

The liquid used was ________________________(3)

(ii) The student’s hypothesis was:‘There is a link between the density of a liquid and the speed of sound in the same liquid.’

Liquid Density in g/cm3 Speed of sound in m/s

Ethoxyethane 0.71 985

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Ethanol 0.80 1150

Kerosene 0.82 1300

Water 1.00 1500

Mercury 13.50 1450

Use the information in the table to decide whether the student’s hypothesis was completely correct or not.

Was the student’s hypothesis completely correct?

Draw a ring around your answer. Yes / No

Give reasons for your answer.

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(Total 9 marks)

Q6.Sound waves cause oscillations in the air. Sound waves are longitudinal.

(a) In which direction are the oscillations of the particles compared to the direction of transfer of energy?

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(b) The diagram shows the disturbance of air molecules in the path of a sound wave at one point in time.

(i) Label the diagram with the letter R, in an area of rarefaction.(1)

(ii) Label the diagram to show one complete wavelength.(1)

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(Total 3 marks)

Q7.A sound wave is an example of a longitudinal wave.

(a) Figure 1 shows the air particles in a sound wave as the wave travels from a loudspeaker to an ear.

Write a letter R on Figure 1 to show an area of rarefaction.(1)

(b) Complete the sentence about longitudinal waves.

The vibrations of the air particles are __________________________ to the direction of energy transfer.

(1)

(c) A stationary car horn emits a sound wave of frequency 400 Hz.

The wavelength of the wave is 0.85 m.

Calculate the speed of sound.

Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

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Speed of sound = _________________ m / s(2)

(Total 4 marks)

Q8.Most young people can hear sounds in the frequency range 20 Hz to 20 000 Hz.

(a) Tick the box beside the statement which best describes frequency.

the maximum disturbance caused by a wave

the number of complete vibrations per second

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the distance between one crest of a wave and the next one

the distance travelled by a wave in 1 second (1)

(b) Diagram X shows a trace on an oscilloscope screen.

(i) Draw a trace on diagram Y which has a higher frequency than that shown in diagram X.

(ii) Draw a trace on diagram Z which has a larger amplitude than that shown in diagram X.

(2)

(c) Choose words from the list below to complete the following sentences.

higher louder lower quieter

(i) A musical note with a high frequency sounds ____________________ than one with a low frequency.

(ii) A noise of small amplitude sounds ____________________ than one with large amplitude.

(2)(Total 5 marks)

Q9.When sound waves reach a material, some of the energy of the sound is reflected and some is transmitted through the material.

(a) Complete the sentence.

Sound waves are caused by ____________________________________________(1)

(b) The graphs J, K, L and M represent the sound energy reflected from a surface.

The graphs are all drawn to the same scale.

Which graph shows the greatest total sound energy output from the surface?

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Graph __________________________(1)

(c) The proportion of the sound energy which is reflected or transmitteddepends on the material which receives the sound.

A student investigates different materials.

The diagram shows how a student sets up her equipment.

(i) Using a pencil and ruler to draw on the diagram, show how microphone X receives reflected sound.

(2)

(ii) The student tests four materials. Each sheet of material is 1 mm thick. This has been glued onto a block of expanded polystyrene.

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Why does the student use the same size of expanded polystyrene block and the same sound level for each test?

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(iii) The table shows the readings for the sound level transmitted to microphone Y.

Soundlevel fromloudspeaker inarbitrary units

Surfacematerial

Soundlevel transmitted tomicrophone Y in arbitraryunits

60 paper 39

60 plaster 18

60 cloth 31

60 wood 15

[A] Which surface material transmits the smallest proportion of the sound?

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[B] What proportion is this?

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(d) People living in a flat have very noisy neighbours who are always playing loud music.

Suggest one practical idea to reduce the amount of noise transmitted into the flat through the walls and explain how your idea will work.

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(Total 9 marks)

Q10.A group of students investigates sound waves.

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The diagram shows part of their investigation.

(a) Identify the equipment labelled A.

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(b) The student plays the same note in the same way at different distances from equipment A.

Another student records the amplitude of the wave shown on the cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).

(i) Label this wave to show its amplitude.

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(ii) Complete the sentence.

Increasing the amplitude of a sound wave will increase the _______________

of the sound.(1)

(c) The graph shows the students’ average results from several sets of measurements.

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Use the graph to find the distance, d, in centimetres, at which the average amplitude is likely to be 2 centimetres.

Distance = ______________________ cm.(1)

(d) Write a conclusion for this investigation.

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(e) A physics teacher uses a signal generator and a loudspeaker to demonstrate the range of hearing of a group of students.

What is the range of frequencies most humans can hear?

Most humans can hear from _________________ Hz to __________________ Hz.(2)

(Total 7 marks)

Q11.

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The diaphragm of a loudspeaker moves in and out.

A team of scientists investigated loudspeakers.

The scientists measured the size of the movement of the diaphragm for signals of different frequencies.They kept all the other variables constant.The graph shows the average results for a large number of tests on one of the loudspeakers.

(a) What is the frequency of the highest pitched sound which this loudspeaker produces?

Frequency = __________________________ Hz(1)

(b) The greater the movement of the diaphragm, the greater the amplitude of the sound produced.

What is the frequency of the loudest sound which this loudspeaker produces?

Show clearly on the graph how you get to your answer and then complete this answer space.

Frequency = __________________________ Hz(2)

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(c) Can this loudspeaker produce the full range of sound which most people can hear?

Put a tick ( ) in the box next to your answer.

Yes No

Explain the reason for your answer.

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(d) Use one word to complete the sentence.

Repeating tests a large number of times and taking the average of the results

improves the _____________________________ .(1)

(e) Why did the scientists keep all the other variables constant?

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(Total 7 marks)

Q12.A note was played on an electric keyboard.

The frequency of the note was 440 Hz.

(a) (i) What does a frequency of 440 Hz mean?

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(ii) The sound waves produced by the keyboard travel at a speed of 340 m / s.

Calculate the wavelength of the note.

Give your answer to three significant figures.

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Wavelength = ____________________ metres(3)

(b) Figure 1 shows a microphone connected to a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) being used to detect the note produced by the keyboard.

Figure 1

Figure 2 shows the trace produced by the sound wave on the CRO.

Figure 2

A second note, of different wavelength, was played on the keyboard.

Figure 3 shows the trace produced by the sound wave of the second note on the CRO.

Figure 3

The settings on the CRO were unchanged.

What two conclusions should be made about the second sound wave produced by the keyboard compared with the first sound wave?

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Give a reason for each conclusion.

Conclusion 1 ________________________________________________________

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Reason ____________________________________________________________

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Conclusion 2 ________________________________________________________

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Reason ____________________________________________________________

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(Total 8 marks)

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