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Lithgow High School Promoting Excellence In A Caring Educational Environment Food Technology Preliminary Food Availability and Selection
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Lithgow High School
Promoting Excellence In A Caring Educational Environment
Food Technology Preliminary
Food Availability and
Selection
Name:__________________
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Fill in the key terms as you come across them in your work
Key Terms Definition
absolute poverty
bush food
cash crops
cereals
embargo
free trade agreement
legumes
market economy
multinationals
poverty cycle
quality of life
relative poverty
staple food
staple food
subsidy
subsistence agriculture
tariff
undernutrition
value added
World Trade Organization(WTO)
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1. Influences on food availability (weeks1-2)
Did you know that you can buy a McDonald’s hamburger in Russia, but not in Iran or Rwanda? Take a minute to think about why this might be the case. For most of us, food availability is fairly simple - you just go to a shop and buy it. However, it is not always that simple. In this chapter, we will look at social, economic and political influences on food availability, and advances in technology that make many foods available, even out of season. We will also look back to a time when food wasn’t always readily available.
Staple foods around the globeThe type and amount of food that people eat depends upon a variety of factors. Where people live is important because food produced in the local area will be more plentiful and cheaper than food transported long distances. Available income to buy food is another major factor affecting what people eat, along with the level of technology available in producing and processing food; government policies concerning local industry and imports; and the strength of the country’s economy.
The diet of most cultural groups is based on a staple food. A staple food is ___________________________________________________________________
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Staple foods supply the major part of a diet. They are cheap, readily available in large quantities and provide the main source of energy in a group’s diet. Most cultures have at least one staple food basic to the diets of many people.
What are the staple foods of Australia?____________________________________
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Cereals are the most common plant staple. Cereals are classified as ___________________________________________________________________
An example of cereals are______________________________________________
List different products which are made from the cereals_______________________
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Root crops are classified as____________________________________________
An example of root crops are____________________________________________
List different products which are made from the root crops_____________________
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Legumes are classified as______________________________________________
An example of legumes are_____________________________________________
List different products which are made from the legumes______________________
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Plant foods are an excellent source of ____________________________________
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Staple plant foods
Wheat is the staple crop eaten in more countries of the world than any other staple. Growing conditions for wheat vary depending on the variety of wheat, but most varieties prefer cool, wet conditions during the growing season and warm, dry conditions during ripening.
Examples of wheat products:
Rice is the staple food of Asia and, given the high population density within the Asian nations, it is the most commonly eaten staple in the world. It needs a warm climate and large quantities of water in which to grow. Fields are flooded to allow the rice to grow in water, and flat land and a clay-based soil is needed for this process to be really effective.
Examples of rice products and the different countries that consume rice
Case Study- Cassava – a plant staple. Read the case study and answer the questions 1 and 2a, b
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Meat and fish as staple foodsAnimal staples have also moved throughout the world as people have migrated.
What meat staples were introduced to Australia?____________________________
What dishes are made from these meat staples?____________________________
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What types of food did people eat living in coastal regions?____________________
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Review Questions –answer the review questions 1-3
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Complete Kitchen orientation and WHS modules
Practical: chicken Stir-fry
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Foods native to Australia (weeks3-4)
Read the text and answer the question belowDid the aborigines have a staple food? Explain why?_________________________
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Traditional Aboriginal animal foodsList the different types of animal foods aboriginal people ate
Marine life and shellfish
Reptiles
Birds
Insects
Marsupials
How did Aborigines obtain their food? Give a couple of examples._______________
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Plant SourcesList the different types of plant foods aboriginal people ate
Roots
Fruit and Vegetables
Stems
Seeds and nuts
What fruit has the highest source of vitamin C?______________________________
How did the Aborigines preserve their plant food?___________________________
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What plant foods were toxic? What did they do to make the food no toxic?________
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Native foods todayWhat does bush food refer to?___________________________________________
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DVD -Using Bush Foods watch the DVD and answer the questions below
1] Many of our native animals [such as kangaroo] are now farmed and used for meat. Investigate what some of these animals are and what food handling regulations are in place.___________________________________________________________________
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2] What other examples can you think of where a new product has been taken over
by a large corporation?
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3] What is the likely environmental impact of commercial growing of Australian Bush
Foods
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4] What kind of impact of modern European methods used for growing introduced
plants and animals
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5] Why have the majority of Australians ignored bush foods for so long?
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6] Which explorer were most affected by their inability to find and process bush
foods. What were the circumstances?
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Case Study – Finding the right bush tucker. Read the case study and answer the
questions 1-3
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Review Questions- Answer the review questions 1 – 3 and 4b.
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Global Migration of cultural groups to Australia
Activity- Food around the World; Identify and label the following countries on the world map on the next page. Write some of the foods you think the people from these countries brought to Australia
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Throughout Australia's history, each arrival of large groups of people resulted in increased food availability because each group introduced, grew and prepared the familiar foods of their homeland.
Colonial Food ProductionWhen the early settlers arrived in Australia what staple foods did they bring from
their homeland?______________________________________________________
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When their crops failed what native foods did they eat? _______________________
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Since 1830 large groups of people have migrated to Australia bringing their staple food preferences and their traditional methods of preparing food. After several generations, the national dishes of various cultures have become part of the overall Australian cuisine. Most people in migrant cultures are not first-generation migrants, but have parents or grandparents who were born overseas.
Activity-Complete the time line of the role of migrants in the changing diet of Australians
Timeline Food/cooking styles/ equipment brought to Australia
1830 Germans
1850sChinese
1850s Scandinavians
1850sGreek
1850sAmericans
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1880sItalians
1920sAmericansSecond wave
1940sAmericans
1940s
Lebanese
1960sAmericans
1970sCambodiansThailandVietnamSouth KoreaIndians
2000sNew Zealand
TodayAfghansSri LankansSudanese
Use DigiStories to explore how some Australians are influenced by their cultural
backgrounds.
Hand out Assessment Notification – go through requirementsVideo: Eating off a sunburnt land or similar bush tucker
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Review questions- Answer the review questions 1-3 on page 9
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Technology and Food (weeks5-6)Technology influences the amount and type of food available. Technology applies to the following in the food industry:
What simple technology was used to process food in the 1700s_________________
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List the changes in Technology and processing foods in the Industrial Revolution
( 1800s)_____________________________________________________________
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Technology has also made it possible to:
How is food processed today? __________________________________________
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History of technological change and equipmentThe following factors have led to dramatic changes in the way our food is processed:
Technology used in food storage and distributionHow has technology being successful in the food industry to supply consumers with a readily available food product? Give examples___________________________________________________________________
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Technology in the marketplace What is the definition of a marketplace?____________________________________
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Why does an international marketplace exits?_______________________________
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Is this a good practice or not? Discuss_____________________________________
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What is the definition of value added?_____________________________________
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Activity- Look at the food products in the pantry, where do they come from? List the product and the country it comes from___________________________________________________________________
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Activity- Make a comparison list in the table below of the shopping for food in the 1930s to shopping for food today
Shopping in the 1930s Shopping today
Case study- many vintages on and still bearing fine fruitRead the case study and answer the questions 1-2.
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Influences on food availability What does politics refer to? _____________________________________________
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What is the definition of economy?________________________________________
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Economic influences on food availability A strong economy means-______________________________________________
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What is a market economy?_____________________________________________
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Who drives a market economy? Why?_____________________________________
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Why is Australia a stable economy?______________________________________
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What is absolute poverty?______________________________________________
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These countries usually have:
List countries that live in absolute poverty: _________________________________
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What is subsistence agriculture? _________________________________________
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Examples of subsistence agriculture are:___________________________________
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Poverty and its effectsPoverty can be described as ____________________________________________
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Quality of life refers ___________________________________________________
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Relative poverty is ____________________________________________________
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Developing countries struggle to feed their populations and their life expectancy is lower as a result of undernutrition. Without a nutritious diet the body is unable to
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function to its full capacity. It is more susceptible to disease and has greater difficulty fighting infections and regaining optimum health. The body’s energy levels are lowered as a result of the continual infections and insufficient food.
Consequently, an individual’s ability to complete physically demanding work such as ploughing and sowing crops is greatly reduced. In the subsistence economies of developing countries, such physical incapacity means that the year’s food supply is greatly reduced. This chain of events is referred to as the poverty cycle.
Draw in the poverty cycle below:
The poverty cycle describes the situation in which a person or a group of people have insufficient money to buy healthy food.
Activity1. List in the table below the cause and effect of poverty in developed and developing countries
Developed Country Developing CountryHigh food yields due to better farm management (water, pesticides)
Over cropping of soils, cannot produce the food needed, low food yields
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2. What groups are at risks in Australia of poverty? Why?
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Political influences on food availability (week 7)For a government to function, it must have the resources to implement strategies and policies. Governments raise funds through a number of ways:
What political influences can have on the economy and food availability in
developing countries? Give examples
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Review questions- Answer the review questions 1-3 and do activity 4
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WHAT TO EXAMINE ROLL 1 ROLL 2 ROLL 3
Outside crust
Inside temperature
Inside texture
Taste
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The influence of the Australian government on food availabilityAustralia is a small but multicultural country. Given our relatively small population, it would be impossible for our food industry to produce the variety of foods on our supermarket shelves and still be economically viable. To cater for the food preferences of our varied population we import products from all over the world. Almost any food you wish to eat can be purchased here in Australia, as long as it complies with our food safety standards.
Protection can be defined _____________________________________________
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This means that the government, through a system of tariffs, embargoes andsubsidies, is able to regulate the movement of foreign products onto our supermarket shelves.
ActivityComplete the table below:
Trade Restriction Example
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Tariff-
Embargo-
Subsidy-
What is trade liberalisation? Why has the Australian Government done this?_______
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What is a free trade agreement?_________________________________________
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What countries does Australia have free trade with?__________________________
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Discuss- Is a free trade agreement good for the Australian economy and the agricultural producers ___________________________________________________________________
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The World Trade Organisation (WTO) [WTO] was set up to enforce these trade agreements and replace GATT. By 2000, signatories to the agreement aimed to:
convert all import quotas [quantity or volume of a product allowed into a
country in a specified time] and other trade barriers to tariffs
open markets that have been closed-eg South Korean Beef and Rice
Markets.
Import and Export strategiesDefinition of an import:_________________________________________________
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Definition of an export:_________________________________________________
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For an economy to survive there must be a balance between the amount of goods imported into and exported from the country.
Australia is consistently ranked in the world’s top 20 trading nations.
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Previously Australia exported products mainly from primary industry, with wheat, wool and beef sales.
In an ideal world there would be no protection and all trade would be free of tariffs and other protection devices.
What does APEC stand for?___________________________________________
How many nations are involved in APEC? Name the main countries?
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Why is important for Australia to trade with these countries?____________________
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TaxationSome of the food produced in Australia is taxed in the form of sales tax.
Definition of GST_____________________________________________________
What is the GST tax rate in Australia? ____________________________________
List foods that are GST free:_____________________________________________
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War
How does war affect the availability and distribution of food in a country?____________________________________________________________________________
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Review questions – Answer the review questions 1-3. For question 3 use the link
provided http://abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/mf/5439.0
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Case Study - Coolness pays off for hot nation
Read the case study and answer the questions 1-5
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Factors Affecting Food Selection (week 8)
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Food is essential for life, and informed decisions when selecting food are essential for a happy and healthy life. Food choices are influenced by:
Physiological Factors affecting our selection of food
Physiological factors affect the body’s ________ and _________ for food.
What does the body need to remain healthy?_______________________________
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The amount of nutrients required depends on: ______________________________
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Hunger, appetite and satiety 1. HungerThe definition of hunger is:______________________________________________
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Hunger is controlled by a small gland in the base of the brain called the
H Y P O T H A L A M U S
It functions are:
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Definition of Appetite:__________________________________________________
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Appetite can be triggered by:
How does the brain register for us to think about food?_______________________
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Does appetite go away if it is not satisfied? YES / NO
3. Satiety:
Satiety is the __________________________________________________
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Simple carbohydrates such as sugars are easily digested and move through the
stomach fairly ______. Whereas complex carbohydrates, such as dietary
fibre, remain in the stomach for a longer period of time. Because they leave
the stomach more slowly, fibrous foods give a feeling of fullness or ______.
Complex Carbohydrates Include: Simple Carbohydrates Include:
Nutritional requirements
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Many of us select food that is nutritious because we know that we will feel and stay healthy. The food we eat should provide essential nutrients that the body can absorb, and metabolise (be used by the cells in the body for energy, building or repair).
Have a look at your eating habits. Do you eat a healthy nutritious diet?___________
The Australian Government are taking steps to educate Australians about nutritious food. List some of the programs to encourage Australians to eat a more varied and nutritious diet:
Body size/type and heredityList how a body type is identified
Describe endomorph__________________________________________________
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Describe mesomorph__________________________________________________
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Describe ectomorph___________________________________________________
Which one are describes your body type___________________________________
AgeExplain why we need different nutritional requirements during our life cycle. Give an example of teenagers nutritional requirements compared to someone who is elderly.________________________________________________________________
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Level of activity
Explain why a person who is physically active needs more energy – giving foods than a person who leads a sedentary life.________________________________________________________________
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What is adipose tissue?_____________________________________________
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GenderList how gender determines nutritional requirements in individuals
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Review questions – Answer the review questions 1-3 and complete activity 4
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Health statusList some diseases related to poor diet:_________________________________
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What is Anaemia and what deficiency causes it?_________________________
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How can a person change their health status for example someone with Heart
Disease?_________________________________________________________
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Pregnancy and lactationWhy do pregnant women need to increase their nutritional requirements?
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List the types of food needed daily to have a nutritional diet when pregnant and
lactating__________________________________________________________
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Review questions- answer the review questions 1-2
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Reactions to food What are sensory perceptions?________________________________________
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Why does it play an important role in our food selection? Give an example.
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Appearance ColourList the reasons of how the colour of food impacts on food selection. Give an
example____________________________________________________________
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Shape
How does the shape of food influence Food Manufacturing in our food selection?
Give an example___________________________________________________
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TurgorWhat is Turgor and give an example?__________________________________
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Why are textural differences in foods important in a meal? Give an example
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FlavourFlavour is a sensory impression of food based on its taste and smell. Our body uses taste sensors on the tongue to detect differences in flavour, with the help of the sense of smell.
What are the four taste sensations on our tastebuds?_______________________________________________________________
Draw the diagram of the tongue and show where taste sensations(receptors) are on the tongue
Can you determine which parts of the tongue will react to the following: Pepsi Max Corn chips Orange and poppy seed muffinBalsamic VinegarFetta Cheese
AromaWhat is aroma and how does it affect food selection? ______________________
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Case Study: The electric nose
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Read through the case study and answer question 1-4. Use link for question 4http://www.healthy-kids.com.au/category/5/calculator
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Allergies
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What is a Food Allergy and what types of food can people be allergic to?
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What are some of the reactions to food allergies?
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How can people be cautious of their food selections if they have an allergy? Give
an example.
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Case study: The healthy canteen menu
Read through the case study and answer the case study questions 1-4. Use the
link to answer question 3
http://healthy-kids.com.au/school-canteens/the-menu/understanding-green-
amber-foods/
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Discussion: Has the school canteen changed the menu for healthier food
choices, if not what could be changed
Psychological factors affecting food selection (week 9)What does psychological factors refer to?_______________________________
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ValuesWhat are values?
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Give an example of how a person’s values can effect food selection.
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What are your values towards food selection? Discuss with another classmate
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BeliefsWhat is a belief? ___________________________________________________
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How are beliefs and values different?___________________________________
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Give an example of a religious belief or custom that influences food selection
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Do you have any religious beliefs or customs affecting food selection? Discuss
with another classmate ______________________________________________
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Attitude and experiences
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What is an attitude?_________________________________________________
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Our attitudes towards food are based on one or more of the following
HabitsWhat is a habit?______________________________________________________
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Many of the food choices we make are routine and habits
Do you Yes No
Swipe a thick layer of margarine on your toast?
Put tomato sauce on a met pie?
Eat the same cereal for breakfast?
Drink the same soft drink?
Sprinkle salt on your food before you taste it?
Eat the same type of bread?
Eat something as soon as you get home from school?
Eat something sweet at the end of each meal?
Eat the same food each day at school?
Emotions
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Why do people use food a means to relieving stress?_________________________
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What is a comfort food? Give an example.__________________________________
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What types of food do you eat when you are stressed, happy etc.?
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Self- conceptWhat is self concept?__________________________________________________
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What is the self-concept of yourself?______________________________________
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How do the media influence the way we purchase food to enhance our self-concept?
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Case Study- Young Australian concerned by body image, environment issues
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Read the case study and answer the questions 1, 2, 4. ___________________________________________________________________
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Social factors affecting food selection Traditions are customs that are repeated at specific times by members of a group or society. Many traditions relating to special occasions involve food. Some examples of cultural traditions are:1._________________________________________________________________
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2. _________________________________________________________________
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3. _________________________________________________________________
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Name some other traditions or customs you celebrate at home?________________
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Lifestyle
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In general, lifestyle factors that influence food selection relate to:
Employment List the three main aspects of employment that influences food selection:
1.______________________________________________________________
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2.______________________________________________________________
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3.______________________________________________________________
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4. ______________________________________________________________
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EducationWhy is it important to be educated about food selection and healthy eating
habits?
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Review questions: Answer the review questions 1 and 3
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Household structures and roles (week 10)Give an example how the household structure and roles in your home influences food selections:________________________________________________________________
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GeographicalLocation and weather patterns dictate what foods can be grown in an area. The
type of climate and seasonal availability of foods also influences the foods
people will select.
1. Give examples of food people may choose to eat in hot climates.
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2. Give examples of foods people may choose to eat in cold climates.
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3. What types of foods do we eat that are influenced by our geographical climate
and location. Example: do we eat the same foods in summer then in winter?
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Social interaction What is food a symbol of?_____________________________________________
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What do you offer when a friend/ family first enters your home?________________
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The MediaThe media plays a significant role and has a major influence on food selection. Food products are advertised in all media forms, for example:__________________________________________________________________________________________
ActivityWatch TV for one hour in three different time slots (morning, afternoon and night). List the programs watched and the different advertisements related to food. Who is the target audience in these different time slots? How are the advertisements different?___________________________________________________________________
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Peer group What is a peer group?_________________________________________________
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How does your peers influence the food that you eat?_________________________
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Review questionsAnswer the following questions 1-3.
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Economic factors affecting food selection Cost of food Cost is one of the most important factors when we select food. It is particularly important for low-income families, students and the elderly; it is not uncommon for these groups to spend 33 per cent of their total income on food.The cost of food varies according to:
Case study- Read the case study and answer questions 1-4
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The MarketplaceWhat is a marketplace?________________________________________________
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What type of marketplaces are there?_____________________________________
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How does this influence where you buy food? Give an example.________________
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Available resourcesWhat is a resource?___________________________________________________
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Give examples of resources that influence our food selections?_________________
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Case study- Ozzies skip lunch
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Read the case study and answer the questions 1-5
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Review QuestionsAnswer the review questions 1-3
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Exam Revision
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Short answer questions (2-3 paragraphs)1. Discuss the history of the Australian Food Industry from colonisation to today.
2. Describe how technology has impacted on food storage and distribution systems.
3. Describe how government taxation strategies influence food availability.
4. Describe the term market economy and outline how this may influence food availability.
5. Discuss why nutritional requirements differ between people.
6. Describe how values and beliefs can determine a person’s food habits.
7. Discuss the role of the media in influencing food choices of children.
8. Discuss how psychological factors affect food selection. Give examples to
support your answer.
9. Discuss how cultural groups have influenced the food habits of Australians.
10.Discuss how economic factors affect consumer food choices.
Extended questions (approx. 500 words)1. Discuss how physiological, psychological, social and economic factors
influence our selection of food. Support your answer with examples.
2. Discuss the role of politics and the economy on the availability of food in Australia.
3. Discuss factors influencing the availability of food in Australia. Use examples to support your answer.
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