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Sport and Physical Activity (05826-9, 05872)
JSmith
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Candidates answer on the Question paper.
OCR supplied materials:Additional resources may be supplied with this paper.
Other materials required:• Pencil• Ruler (cm/mm)
Duration: Not set
Candidateforename
Candidatesurname
Centre number Candidate number
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters.• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.• Answer all the questions, unless your teacher tells you otherwise.• Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer.• Where space is provided below the question, please write your answer there.• You may use additional paper, or a specific Answer sheet if one is provided, but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s).
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES• The quality of written communication is assessed in questions marked with either a pencil or an asterisk. In History and Geography a Quality of extended response question is marked with an asterisk, while a pencil is used for questions in which Spelling, punctuation and grammar and the use of specialist terminology is assessed.• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.• The total number of marks for this paper is 79.• The total number of marks may take into account some 'either/or' question choices.
1. Which one of the following types of joint allows no movement between the articulating surfaces of its bones?
(a) Fixed
(b)Cartilaginous
(c) Synovial
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(d)Condyloid
[1]
2. Which one of the following is a pair of bones that are both part of the axial skeleton?
(a) Cranium and ribs
(b) Ilium and cranium
(c) Scapula and ilium
(d)Scapula and ribs
[1]
3. Which one of the following bones is not part of the axial skeleton?
(a) Cranium
(b) Sternum
(c) Scapula
(d) Ribs
[1]
4. Which one of the following best describes the role of tendons?
(a) Attach muscles to bones
(b) Attach muscles to muscles
(c) Attach bones to bones
(d) Attach ligaments to bones
[1]
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5. What type of joint is the hip?
[1]
6. What type of bone is the femur?
Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the correct answer.
Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
[1]
7. Which one of the following bones forms part of the axial skeleton?
Put a tick (✓) in the box next to the correct answer.
Scapula
Humerus
Sternum
Patella
[1]
8. Which of the following bones meet to form the wrist joint?
(a) Carpals, radius and scapula
(b) Carpals, sacrum and ulna
(c) Carpals, radius and ulna
(d) Carpals, metacarpals and radius
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[1]
9. Which one of the following bones is not part of the appendicular skeleton?
(a) Sacrum
(b) Scapula
(c) Phalanges
(d) Clavicle
[1]
10. Which one of the following describes supination at a joint?
(a) Pointing the toes during a handstand
(b) Pulling your toes up to kick a ball with the side of your foot
(c) Turning the palms of the hand up during a biceps curl
(d) Placing the palms downwards on the floor during a press up
[1]
11. One function of the vertebral column is protection. What is being protected by the vertebral column?
[1]
12. Describe the function of articular cartilage and synovial fluid in a synovial joint.
[2]
13. Outline two long-term benefits of regular exercise on the skeletal system.
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[2]
14. Fig. 1 shows a synovial joint.
Fig. 1
Describe the function of ligaments and synovial membrane at a synovial joint.
[1]
15. Fig. 11.1 shows a diagram of the bones of the lower leg.
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Fig.11.1
Identify A, B and C on the diagram.
A [1]B [1]C [1]
16. Fig. 12.1 shows a performer doing a tuck jump.
Fig.12.1
Complete the table below to identify the joint types and movements during the tuck jump.
Joint Joint type MovementHip Flexion
Elbow
[3]
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17. Fig. 12.1 shows a diagram of the vertebral column.
Fig. 12.1
Label the sections of the vertebral column A-D in the boxes provided on Fig 12.1 above. [4]
18. Fig. 13.1 shows a diagram of a synovial joint.
Fig. 13.1
Identify two structures of the joint and explain their functions.
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[4]
19. Fig. 1 shows a synovial joint.
Fig. 1
Identify A, B and C on the diagram.
A [1]B [1]C [1]
20. Fig. 11 shows a diagram of the skeleton.
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Fig. 11
Identify the bones labelled A, B, C and D.A B C D
[4]
21. An active, healthy lifestyle has positive effects on the skeletal system but can also be potentially damaging.
Describe the benefits and drawbacks of exercise on the skeletal system.
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[5]
22. Fig. 12 shows the performance of one part of a tennis serve.
Fig. 12
Apply your knowledge of the skeletal and muscular systems to analyse the movement of the racquet arm during this part of the serve and complete the following table:
Joint Joint movement Muscle actingWrist Extension Elbow
Shoulder (posterior) deltoid[4]
23. Fig. 11 shows a diagram of the skeleton.
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Fig. 11
State the type of bone and identify one function of each of B and D.B
D
[4]
24. Fig.13.1 shows a pike jump.
Fig.13.1
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Complete the paragraph by filling in the missing words using the box below.
agonist
deltoid
concentric
extension
fixator
latissimus dorsi
iliopsoas
antagonist
isometric
eccentric
gluteus maximus
flexion
When performing a pike jump, the gymnast causes .......................... at the hip joint with a .......................... contraction of the .......................... muscle. This muscle is the .......................... during this movement. On landing, the gymnast returns to an upright position by contracting the .......................... muscle.
[5]
25. Describe the following functions of the skeleton. Give an example of each.
Protection
Movement
Blood cell production
[6]
26. Fig. 2 shows a sprinter in action.
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Fig. 2
Apply your knowledge of the skeletal and muscular systems to complete the following table.
Joint Joint movement
Muscle acting
Type of contraction
Knee Flexion Iliopsoas Concentric
Biceps brachii
[7]
27.
Describe the positive and negative impacts of physical activity and sport on the skeletal system, using practical examples to support your answer.
[10]
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END OF QUESTION paper
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Mark schemeQuestion Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance
1 (a) Fixed 1
Examiner’s Comments
A very small minority did not respond to one or more of
these, with most answering them well.
Candidates advised to read question and all answers
carefully before committing to a particular answer.
Candidates are advised to look for and/or highlight key
words in each question.
Candidates should beware of a negative question e.g.
which is not a ... and lung volumes relate to air, not
oxygen. Candidates are also reminded to be aware of
and to recognise the specific muscles within the
quadriceps and hamstrings.
Candidates are also advised to re-visit these multi-
choice questions again if they have time.
Very few scored 10/10 for the multi-choice section.
Total 1
2 (a) Cranium and ribs
Examiner’s Comments
A very small minority did not respond to one or more of
these, with most answering them well.
Candidates advised to read question and all answers
carefully before committing to a particular answer.
Candidates are advised to look for and/or highlight key
words in each question.
Candidates should beware of a negative question e.g.
which is not a ... and lung volumes relate to air, not
oxygen. Candidates are also reminded to be aware of
and to recognise the specific muscles within the
quadriceps and hamstrings.
Candidates are also advised to re-visit these multi-
choice questions again if they have time.
Very few scored 10/10 for the multi-choice section.
Total 1
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3 (c) Scapula 1
Examiner’s Comments
A very small minority did not respond to one or more of
these, with most answering them well.
Total 1
4 (a) Attach muscles to bones 1
Examiner’s Comments
A very small minority did not respond to one or more of
these, with most answering them well.
Total 1
5 Ball and socket 1
Synovial = NBD
Examiner’s Comments
This question was mostly answered correctly showing
knowledge of the type of joint at the hip.
Total 1
6 Long bone 1
Total 1
7 Sternum 1
Total 1
8 (c) - Carpals, radius and ulna 2
Examiner’s Comments
Produced a higher success rate than other questions.
Total 1
9 (a) - Sacrum 1
Total 1
10 (c) - Turning the palms of the hand up during a biceps curl 1 Examiner’s Comments
Produced a higher success rate than other questions.
Total 1
11 Spinal cord 1 Spinal column = NBD
Examiner’s Comments
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Candidates are advised to read each question and all of
the possible answers carefully before committing to a
particular answer and not to rush through this section.
Candidates are advised to look for and/or highlight key
words in each question.
Total 1
12
1. (Articular cartilage) prevents/reduces friction/wear and
tear/bone (ends) rubbing / grinding together or allows
friction-free/smooth movement
2. (Synovial fluid) lubricates joint or prevents/reduces
friction or nourishes cartilage
2
NB. If candidate states that both reduce friction at the
joint then 2 marks are awarded.
Examiner’s Comments
Most candidates scored well on this question, usually
stating cartilage as a shock absorber or reducing friction
and synovial fluid as a lubricant of the joints. A minority
did not attempt to give an answer for both the articular
cartilage and synovial fluid.
Total 2
13
1. Increased strength of bones or ligaments
2. Increased range of movement at joints or increase in
flexibility at the joints
3. Increased bone density or increased calcium/ mineral
storage
4. Reduced risk of osteoporosis or (osteo)arthritis
5. Increased stability of joints
6. Increased thickness of (articular) cartilage
7. Improved posture/body alignment
2
Mark first two only.
Accept:
Stronger bones
Stronger bones due to increased bone
density = 2 marks (pt 1 and pt 3)
Do not accept:
Greater flexibility (on its own) / healthy bones
= NBD
Strengthen skeleton = NBD
Examiner’s Comments
This question was completed extremely well by the vast
majority of learners who stuck to the long-term benefits
to the skeletal system – a small number misread the
question and gave the benefits to the muscular system
and therefore could not score the marks available.
Those that scored the full two marks mostly gave
‘increase in strength’ and ‘density of bones’. Those that
simply stated, ‘increase in movement’ did not score the
mark for an increase in the range of movement at the
joint.
Total 2
14 1. (Ligaments) attach bone to bone/stabilise the
joint/prevent dislocation
2
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2. (Synovial membrane) secretes/produces synovial
fluid/increases mobility
Total 2
15
1. A = Tibia
2. B = Talus
3. C = Metatarsal
3
Do not accept:
A = Fibia / tibula (NBD)
C = Metatarples (NBD)
Examiner’s Comments
Very few candidates scored the full three marks
available for this question. Many could identify the Tibia
and Metatarsals but most struggled with labelling the
Talus – with many simply writing ‘ankle bone’.
Total 3
16
Joint Joint type MovementHip Ball and socket Flexion
Elbow Hinge Flexion 3
Answers are in bold and underlined.
Examiner’s Comments
Many answered this question well and scored the full
three marks available, although a minority of candidates
incorrectly labelled the movement at the elbow as
extension rather than flexion.
Total 3
17
1. A = cervical (vertebrae)
2. B = thoracic (vertebrae)
3. C = lumbar (vertebrae)
4. D = sacrum/sacral (vertebrae)
4
Accept:
Misspellings if word is recognisable / phonetic
Examiner’s Comments
Many completed the diagram of the vertebral column
accurately, but a significant minority either did not
respond to this question or were unable to accurately
label any of the bones shown in the diagram, showing
some significant gaps in anatomical knowledge.
Total 4
18 Structure Function
1. Cartilage
2. Reduces friction between bones or stops bones rubbing together
3. Ligament 4. Attaches bone to bone or stabilise joint
5. Synovial membrane
6. Secretes/produces/
4 Mark first two structures only.
Function must relate to the named structure.
Examiner’s Comments
This was generally a well–answered question. The
diagram showed a synovial joint and learners were
expected to identify two of the structures and explain
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encases synovial fluid
7. Synovial fluid
8. Lubricates/cushions joint or synovial fluid absorbs / breaks down debris in joint.
9. Meniscus/menisci
10. Additional cartilage to stabilise joint
11. Pads of fat12. Absorb shock or fill large spaces in joint
13. Bursa 14. Reduce friction between tissues
15. Joint capsule 16. Encloses joint
their functions. The majority of learners were able to
identify the synovial membrane and the synovial fluid,
with some learners identifying other structures such as
the cartilage or ligament. Most who gave the correct
identification then went on to accurately explain the
function of each. Some learners however did not give a
function for each and therefore could not score full
marks. Again, it is important for learners to address all
aspects of each question to have access to all the marks
available.
Total 4
19
A – Synovial fluid
B – Joint capsule
C – Articular/hyaline cartilage
3
Total 3
20
1. A = ulna
2. B = femur
3. C = cranium
4. D = (lumbar) vertebra
4
D – Accept vertebral column
D – Do not accept lumbar (on its own) = NBD
Examiner’s Comments
The majority of candidates found success on this
question, especially for B, C, D. Radius was however a
common incorrect answer for A, instead of Ulna.
Total 4
21 (Describe the benefits and drawbacks of exercise on the skeletal
system).
(benefits)(submax 3)
Increased strength of bones
Increased range of movement around joints
Increased bone density/increased calcium/collagen storage
Prevention of osteoporosis/reduced risk of (osteo)arthritis
Increased stability of joint
Increased strength of ligaments/connective tissue
Increased thickness of articular/hyaline cartilage
Improved posture/body alignment
(drawbacks)(submax 3)
Overuse injuries/stress fractures/tendonitis/bursitis
Shin splints/Osgood Schlatters/tennis elbow/runners knee/golfers
elbow
Growth plate injuries
Back strains/postural problems (linked to weight training or
5
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incorrect techniques)
Fractures/dislocations/torn ligaments (linked to contact sports)
Osteoarthritis
Total 5
22
Joint Joint movement Muscle acting
Wrist Extension Wrist extensors
Elbow Flexion Biceps (brachii)
Shoulder
(Horizontal) abduction
Or horizontal extension
(posterior) deltoid
4
Correct answers are in bold and underlined.
For shoulder joint movement:
Accept abduction or horizontal extension
Examiner’s Comments
This was answered generally well for the elbow joint, as
most candidates recognised flexion and the bicep. Very
few however wrote wrist extensor, the most common
answer her being wrist flexors.
Total 4
23
1. B = Long (bone)
2. (Function of femur) movement / support / blood (cell)
production / mineral storage
3. D = Irregular (bone)
4. (Function of lumbar vertebra) movement / support /
protection
4
Candidate can get function of each bone correct even if
type or name of bone is wrong.
Mark the first function given for each bone
Do not accept stability = NBD
Examiner’s Comments
A high percentage of candidates found success on this
question, for both the type and function of the bone.
Total 4
24
When performing a pike jump, the gymnast causes flexion at the
hip joint with a concentric contraction of the iliopsoas muscle.
This muscle is the agonist during this movement. On landing,
the gymnast returns to an upright position by contracting the
gluteus maximus muscle.5
Answers are in bold and underlined.
Flexion – concentric – Iliopsoas – agonist – gluteus
maximus
Examiner’s Comments
This was answered well by most candidates who
worked through the ‘word bank’ to find the appropriate
words. Most were able to correctly identify flexion, but
many confused the contraction type. Most correctly
identify the word agonist but many put incorrect muscle
names especially for iliopsoas.
Total 5
25 1. (Protection) The skeleton provides a barrier / protects
(vital) organs (from damage due to impact).
2. (Example) Cranium protects brain or ribs protect heart /
lungs or vertebral column protects spinal cord.
3. (Movement) the skeleton is jointed (to allow
movement) or attachment to muscles (allows
6 Accept:
Equivalent examples for pts 2,4,6.
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movement) or the skeleton provides a lever system
(for muscles to pull on)
4. (Example) named bone/joint linked to movement of
correct part of body e.g. Femur for jumping
movements/moving leg
5. (Blood cell production) (red/white) blood cells are
formed in (bone) marrow
6. (Example) accept any named long bone
Examiner’s Comments
This was answered well by many learners, although
some repeated the terms in the question rather than
describing and giving an example. Most wrote correctly
about the rib cage or the skull protecting the vital organs
within. For the functions of movement and blood cell
production, learners answered less clearly and
accurately, with many simply repeating the word
movement or writing that bones produced blood cells
rather than blood cells being formed in the marrow of the
bone. Those that scored few marks often omitted a
practical example for each function – suggesting that in
at least some cases they may not have read the
question carefully enough.
Total 6
26
JointJointmove-ment
Muscleacting
Type of contraction
Knee Flexion
Biceps femoris/
semi-membra-nosus/
semitendo
-nosus
Concentric
Hip Flexion Iliopsoas Concentric
Elbow
Flexion
Biceps brachii Isometric
7 Missing words are bold and italicised in table.
Total 7
27 (Describe the positive and negative impacts of physical
activity and sport on the skeletal system, using practical
examples…)
(Positives)
1. Stronger/thicker bones
Caused by high impact/weight-bearing
exercise
increased bone density
Increased calcium/collagen
Prevents/protects from injury to bones
2. Increased stability/stronger joints
Stronger ligaments/tendons
Prevents sprains/dislocations
3. Prevents osteoporosis
No ticks for marking Q21
Examiners to use:
ID - for Identification of main point
Und - for development of the point (bullet points on
MS)
EG for practical example
Write L1 or L2 or L3 at the base of the answer on the
LHS and a ringed total on the RHS at the base of the
answer
Level 3 (8–10 marks)
A comprehensive answer:
Detailed knowledge & understanding.
Effective analysis/critical evaluation and/or
discussion/explanation/development.
Clear and consistent practical application of knowledge.
Accurate use of technical and specialist vocabulary.
High standard of written communication.
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Which is reduced bone density/weakening
with age
Can affect young people as well as older
people
4. Reduced risk of (osteo)arthritis
Exercise thickens (articular/hyaline)
cartilage
Which covers the ends of adjacent bones
More/improved synovial fluid produced
Reduces friction/wear and tear at joints
Joints better able to absorb shock
Most common in weight-bearing
joints/knee/hip/ankle
5. Improved posture
Increased strength of core stability muscles
Reduces likelihood of lower back pain/
spine curvature
Named back problems e.g. sciatica,
scoliosis
6. Weight management
Maintain a balanced active healthy lifestyle
Prevent sedentary lifestyle (leading to e.g.
osteoporosis)
(Negatives)
7. Increased risk of (osteo)arthritis
Overuse/poor technique can cause wear
and tear/ loss of (articular/hyaline) cartilage
Reduced production of synovial fluid
Friction between bone surfaces
Formation of bone spurs
High impact activities/repetitive actions are
risk factor
Weight bearing joints e.g. knee/hip/ankle
8. Chronic/overuse injuries
Repetitive actions cause damage
Tendonitis injuries e.g. tennis/golfers elbow
Stress fractures e.g. shin splints
E.g. Osgood Schlatter’s disease/bursitis
9. Acute/impact injuries
Contact sports e.g. football/rugby
Fractures/dislocations/torn
cartilage/ligaments
10
At Level 3 responses are likely to include:
Detailed knowledge and understanding of both positive
and negative impacts of physical activity on the skeletal
system.
Most points are developed.
At the top of this level bone and joint structures are
considered and a range of specific conditions are
named.
Practical examples are clearly relevant and linked to
most points made. At the bottom of this level both
positives and negatives are considered and a few
specific conditions, such as osteoporosis, arthritis and
shin splints are named and/or described. Practical
examples are clearly relevant and linked to many points
made.
Level 2 (5–7 marks)
A competent answer:
Satisfactory knowledge & understanding.
Analysis/critical evaluation and/or
discussion/explanation/development attempted with
some success.
Some success in practical application of knowledge.
Technical and specialist vocabulary used with some
accuracy.
Written communication generally fluent with few errors.
At Level 2 responses are likely to include:
Satisfactory knowledge and understanding of impact of
physical activity on the skeletal system.
Points made but generally not developed.
At the top of this level both positives and negatives have
been identified, and some have been described, such as
stronger bones, arthritis prevention and examples of
chronic or high impact injury.
Practical examples are mostly relevant and linked to
many points made.
At the bottom of this level a few points have been made
but there may be more focus on either negatives or
positives, and specific conditions may not be named.
Some practical examples are relevant and some are
linked to points made.
Level 1 (1–4 marks)
A limited answer:
Basic knowledge & understanding.
Little or no attempt to analyse/critically evaluate and/or
discuss/explain/develop.
Little or no attempt at practical application of knowledge.
Technical and specialist vocabulary used with limited
success.
Written communication lacks fluency and there will be
errors, some of which may be intrusive.
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Can lead to arthritis in later life
Can lead to sedentary lifestyle during
recovery or to avoid repeat injury
(Conclusions)
10. Negatives can be minimised
Use of correct techniques
Avoid overtraining/follow principles of
training
Apply moderation/progressive overload
At Level 1 responses are likely to include:
Basic knowledge of the impact of physical activity on the
skeletal system.
At the top of this level at least three effects are likely to
have been identified and at least one has been
described. They may all be either positive or negative
impacts, and there may be inaccuracies. Few or no
practical examples are relevant and few if any linked to
points made.
To score 1 mark one effect of exercise on the skeletal
system has been named or described.
[0 marks] No response or no response worthy of credit.
Examiner’s Comments
This ten-mark question is marked using a levels
response mark scheme with descriptors that enable
Examiners to pinpoint a mark from the responses they
read.
Many candidates answered this question well and took
into account both the positive and negative impacts. A
few of the lower scoring candidates stuck with either
positive or negative and too many candidates ignored
the demand to use practical examples to support their
answer.
Candidates are reminded that using practical examples
is often a feature of these extended questions and for
them to be prepared to use relevant practical examples
throughout their answer.
The better scoring candidates pleasingly gave detailed
knowledge and understanding of the impacts of activity
on the skeletal system, a common feature of these good
candidates is that they use the correct technical
vocabulary throughout their answer. Some candidates
tended to wander off the point and write in detail about
the muscular system and therefore scored few marks.
This extended question is also assessed on the quality
of written communication and the better responses
again showed a fluent and accurate approach, with few
spelling errors and with good use of clear sentences and
paragraphs. Weaker candidates again showed poor
structure and accuracy in spelling.
Total 10
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