Message Received: The Nervous SystemFill- In Notes

The nervous system ___________________________________ so that they work together. Ex: The heart pumps blood, stomach digests, kidneys purify blood, and at the same time we may

be daydreaming, swimming, reading. The role of the nervous system is to:________________________________________________

______________________ information that comes from various parts of the body and the outside world

Structure of a Neuron:

A neuron is a specialized _________________________________________________ of the nervous system which receive and transmit messages.

It is made up of four parts: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Role is to pick up ________________ and transform them into ___________________________.

Characteristics of Neurons

__________________________________. We keep the same neurons our whole life. There are billions of them. _______________________________________. (Does not undergo mitosis). Cannot be

replaced if destroyed. ____________________________________________________. It can only survive a few

minutes without oxygen.

Stimulus:

The neurons are the only cells that react to a _____________

A ___________________ is a change in the environment that results in nerve excitation. Example: sun shining in your eyes, or hearing a sound

Neurons must pick up the ______________ and transform them into ____________________ ____________________________ are electrical signals that are carried throughout the body. Neurons will then __________________________ to other __________________ until it

reaches its destination.

Path of the stimuli in the neuron

______________________ receive stimuli and ___________________into nerve impulses. Nerve impulses then move along the ___________. To travel from one neuron to another they must cross a _________________________ called

the ____________________ to the dendrite of the next neuron. Synapse is the space between two neurons __________________________. This is the

transition zone between two neurons that allows a ___________________________________.

Myelin Sheath

______________________________ surrounding the axon. Allows __ _____________________________________ to keep flowing quickly and efficiently _____________________________Without getting lost.

Made of protein and fatty substances.

Nerves

A group of neurons form a nerve.

________________ are structures that help __________________________________________ _________________________________________________and the various regions of the body.

Basic Tasks of the Nervous System:

Sensory Input: Monitor both external and internal environments.

Integration: Process the information and often integrate it with stored information.

Motor output: If necessary, signal effector organs to make an appropriate response.

The Nervous System has two parts:

________________________________________________ _______________________________________________

The Central Nervous System: Made up of

_____________________________ and ______________________________

The Brain

The brain controls __________________________________________________________.

The brain contains more than ______________________________ (nerve cells) and is the biggest part of the central nervous system!____________________________________

The brain controls: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The __________________________________controls the _____________________of the body.

The __________________________________controls the _____________________of the body.

3 Main parts of the Brain

________________________ ________________________ ________________________ (The Brain Stem)

The Cerebrum

The ________________ part of the brain.

It controls intelligence and emotions as well as:

______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ _________________________________________________________

Lobes of the Brain

▪ The ________________________ is divided into several lobes, each of which is responsible for different tasks ▪ The _______________________________ lobes are responsible for problem solving and judgment and _________________________________. ▪ The _______________________ lobes manage ______________________________, handwriting, and body position. ▪ The ___________________________ lobes are involved with ____________________________ and hearing. ▪ The ____________________________ lobes contain the brain's __________________ processing system.

The Cerebellum

________________ and to the __________________ of the cerebrum. Controls your ___________________________________.

The Medulla Oblongata (Brain Stem)

Connects the __________________ to the __________________________. controls your automatic functions like: ______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________. Responsible for ________________________ : coughing, swallowing, hiccups, vomiting and

sneezing.

Grey matter vs White Matter

▪ The brain can be divided into two types of tissue:

__________ and ________________________.

Grey matter:

The part of the brain controlled by _____________________________________________

It is __________ in appearance and is where the __________________________ occurs

Makes up _________ of the human brain and requires _______ of available __________

White Matter:

Composed of ____________________ Found in the ____________of the brain and between the __________________________ Facilitates ___________________between the grey matter of the brain and between the brain

and the rest of the body Makes up ________ of the human brain

The Spinal Cord

Connects the ___________ to the rest of the nervous system. Long string of nerves that transmits messages ________________the brain. If Spine is damaged: ______________________________________________________________ The spinal cord is protected by ______________________________________

Cerebrum:  largest part of the brain. Composed of right and left hemispheres. Performs higher functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement.

Cerebellum: located under the cerebrum. Coordinates muscle movements.Maintain posture and balance.

Brainstem: acts as a relay center connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. Performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing.

Peripheral Nervous System

Consists of ___________________________________________________________________ reaching all parts of the body (limbs and organs).

It has _____________of nerves ____________________________ – sending info to CNS ____________________________ – sending info to muscles

Voluntary Acts

This system contains the ______________________________ Responsible for the ____________________________ of our movement(running, jumping,

speech, grabbing, sitting) Signals from the __________ effectuate ________________ of the ________________________ Sensory inputs such as __________________________________________________________

Reflex

rapid ____________________ automatic reaction that happens __________________________ about it.

Takes less _________________________. Shortcut in an emergency.

Reflex arc: _____________________________________________________________________

Example: If you put your hand on a hot stove, your hand will jump away before you even feel the heat.

Why? The sensation of heat is processed in the brain. The reaction to heat is handled by the spine. So before the heat signal makes it to the brain, your body has told your hand to move!

The __________ is ________ involved in a reflex.

• Sensory Receptor: ______________________________________________________________

• Sensory Neuron: ________________________________________________________________

• Integrating center: _______________________________________________________________

• Motor Neuron: __________________________________________________________________

• Effector: ______________________________________________________________________

The Central Nervous System: has only a very limited ability to regenerate. The Peripheral Nervous System: can regenerate to a significant degree.

an impulse